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⇒ GL2 W3.6

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1. Commands

1C. Communications Commands

1D. IRIS GL Demos

1G. Graphics Commands

1M. Maintenance Commands

1W. mex Commands

2. System Calls

3. Subroutines and Libraries

3B. 4.3BSD Compatibility Routines

3C. C Library

3G. IRIX GL Library

3M. Math Library

3N. Network Support Library

3R. RPC Library

3S. Standard I/O Library

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

4. Special Files

5. File Formats

6. Games and Demos

7. Miscellaneous Facilities

7P. Network Protocols

8. Maintenance Procedures

Manual — GL2 W3.6

1321 entries

1. Commands (intro)

300s, 300handle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals
300, 300shandle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals
4014paginator for the Tektronix 4014 terminal
450handle special functions of the DASI 450 terminal
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, mips, m68000, m68k, 4d60get processor type truth value
acctcomsearch and print process accounting file(s)
adbdebugger
addbibcreate or extend bibliographic database
admincreate and administer SCCS files
applyapply a command to a set of arguments
ararchive and library maintainer
asassembler
asainterpret ASA carriage control characters
atexecute commands at a later time
awkpattern scanning and processing language
bannermake posters
banner7print large banner on printer
dirname, basenamedeliver portions of path names
bcarbitrary-precision arithmetic language
bcatcatenate and print (Berkeley cat)
bdiffbig diff
bfsbig file scanner
bsa compiler/interpreter for modest-sized programs
calprint calendar
calendarreminder service
lp, cancelsend/cancel requests to an LP line printer
catconcatenate and print files
cbC program beautifier
pc, f77, ccC, Pascal and FORTRAN compilers for the 68010/68020
cdchange working directory
cdcchange the delta commentary of an SCCS delta
checkcheck RCS status of a file
checkcwverifies constant-width text prepared by cw(1) for troff
eqn, checkeqformat mathematical text for troff
checkmmchecks documents formatted with the mm macros
chown, chgrpchange owner or group
chmodchange mode
chgrp, chownchange owner or group
cicheck in RCS revisions
clearclear terminal screen
cmpcompare two files
cocheck out RCS revisions
colfilter reverse line-feeds
combcombine SCCS deltas
commselect or reject lines common to two sorted files
ln, mv, cpcopy, link or move files
cpiocopy file archives in and out
cppthe C language preprocessor
csha shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax
csplitcontext split
ctagsmaintain a tags file for a C program
cutcut out selected fields of each line of a file
cwprepare constant-width text for troff
cxrefgenerate C program cross reference
dateprint and set the date
dbxdebugger
dcdesk calculator
ddconvert and copy a file
deltamake a delta (change) to an SCCS file
deroffremove nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs
dfreport number of free disk blocks
explain, dictionprint wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction
diffdifferential file comparator
diff33-way differential file comparison
diffmkmark differences between files
dircmpdirectory comparison
basename, dirnamedeliver portions of path names
enable, disableenable/disable LP printers
domainname, domainnamset or display name of current domain system
dusummarize disk usage
echoecho arguments
edtext editor
ex, edittext editor
grep, fgrep, egrepsearch a file for a pattern
disable, enableenable/disable LP printers
enscriptconvert text files to POSTSCRIPT format for printing
envset environment for command execution
eqnformat mathematical text for troff
erroranalyze and disperse compiler error messages
edit, extext editor
diction, explainprint wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction
exprevaluate arguments as an expression
extcentryextract FORTRAN-callable entry points from a C file
f77FORTRAN compiler for the 68010/68020
factorfactor a number
true, falseprovide truth values
grep, egrep, fgrepsearch a file for a pattern
filedetermine file type
findfind files
flpfloppy formatter
fmtsimple text formatter
foldfold long lines for finite width output device
freqreport on character frequencies in a file
fsplitsplit fortran or ratfor files
getget a version of an SCCS file
getoptparse command options
grappic preprocessor for drawing graphs
greekselect terminal filter
egrep, fgrep, grepsearch a file for a pattern
spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheckfind spelling errors
spell, spellin, hashcheck, hashmakefind spelling errors
headgive first few lines
helpask for help
hostidset or print identifier of current host system
hostnameset or print name of current host system
hphandle special functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series terminals
hyphenfind hyphenated words
idprint user and group IDs and names
identidentify files
lookbib, indxbibbuild inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography
introintroduction to commands and application programs
iostatreport I/O statistics
ipcrmremove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id
ipcsreport inter-process communication facilities status
joinrelational database operator
killterminate a process
lastindicate last logins of users and teletypes
lavshow load average
ldlink editor
lexgenerate programs for simple lexical tasks
lineread one line
linta C program checker
cp, mv, lncopy, link or move files
loginsign on
lognameget login name
indxbib, lookbibbuild inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography
lorderfind ordering relation for an object library
cancel, lpsend/cancel requests to an LP line printer
lprline printer spooler
lpstatprint LP status information
lslist contents of directory (enhanced Berkeley version)
m4macro processor
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68k, m68000get processor type truth value
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68kget processor type truth value
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, machidget processor type truth value
macrefproduce cross-reference listing of macro files
rmail, mailsend mail to users or read mail
Mail, mail_bsdsend and receive mail
makemaintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
manprog, manprint entries in this manual
mergethree-way file merge
mesgpermit or deny messages
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, m68000, m68k, mipsget processor type truth value
mkf2c, mkc2fgenerate C-FORTRAN interface routines
mkdependcompute header file dependencies
mkdirmake a directory
mkc2f, mkf2cgenerate C-FORTRAN interface routines
mkstrcreate an error message file by massaging C source
mmprints documents formatted with the mm macros
mmttypeset documents
page, morefile perusal filter for crt viewing
mtmagnetic tape manipulating program
cp, ln, mvcopy, link or move files
mvttypeset view graphs and slides
ndxcreate a subject-page index for a document
neqnformat mathematical text for nroff
netstatshow network status
newaliases, newaliaserebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newformchange the format of a text file
newgrplog in to a new group
newsprint news items
nicerun a command at low priority
nlline numbering filter
nmprint name list
nohuprun a command immune to hangups (sh only)
nroffformat or typeset text
odoctal dump
mm, osddprints documents formatted with the mm macros
pcat, unpack, packcompress and expand files
more, pagefile perusal filter for crt viewing
pagesizeprint system page size
passwdchange login password
pastemerge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file
pcPascal compiler for the 68010/68020
pack, unpack, pcatcompress and expand files
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, pdp11get processor type truth value
pictroff preprocessor for drawing simple pictures
prprint files
printenvprint out the environment
profdisplay profile data
prsprint an SCCS file
psprocess status
ps4014convert a Tektronix 4014 files to POSTSCRIPT format
ps630convert Diablo 630 print files to POSTSCRIPT format
pscatconvert C/A/T files to POSTSCRIPT format
psditconvert troff intermediate format to POSTSCRIPT format
psplotconvert plot files to POSTSCRIPT format
psrevselect or reverse page order of a POSTSCRIPT file
psrofftroff to a POSTSCRIPT printer
ptxmake permuted index
pwdworking directory name
ranlibconvert archives to random libraries
ratforrational Fortran dialect
rcschange RCS file attributes
rcsdiffcompare RCS revisions
rcsintrointroduction to RCS commands
rcsmergemerge RCS revisions
referfind and insert literature references in documents
regcmpregular expression compile
resetreset the teletype bits to a sensible state
rlogprint log messages and other information about RCS files
rmdir, rmremove files or directories
mail, rmailsend mail to users or read mail
rmdelremove a delta from an SCCS file
rm, rmdirremove files or directories
roffbibrun off bibliographic database
sactprint current SCCS file editing activity
sccsdiffcompare two versions of an SCCS file
scriptmake typescript of terminal session
sdiffside-by-side difference program
sedstream editor
seesee what a file has in it
shshell, the standard command programming language
sizesize of an object file
sleepsuspend execution for an interval
snoSNOBOL interpreter
sortsort and/or merge files
sortbibsort bibliographic database
hashmake, spellin, hashcheck, spellfind spelling errors
spell, hashmake, hashcheck, spellinfind spelling errors
splineinterpolate smooth curve
splitsplit a file into pieces
sspmake output single spaced
stringsfind the printable strings in an object, or other binary file
stripremove symbols and relocation bits
sttyset the options for a terminal
styleanalyze surface characteristics of a document
subecome super-user or another user
subjgenerate a list of subjects from a document
sumprint checksum and block count of a file
syncupdate the super block
tabsset tabs on a terminal
taildeliver the last part of a file
tartape archiver
tblprepares tables for nroff or troff
tctroff output interpreter
teepipe fitting
testcondition evaluation command
timetime a command
touchupdate access and modification times of a file
trtranslate characters
trofftext formatting and typesetting language
false, trueprovide truth values
tsetterminal dependent initialization
tsorttopological sort
ttyget the terminal’s name
machid: pdp11, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, u3bget processor type truth value
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b2, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, u3b15get processor type truth value
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b5, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, u3b2get processor type truth value
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, vax, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, u3b5get processor type truth value
uldo underlining
umaskset file-creation mode mask
unameprint system name and version information
ungetundo a previous get of an SCCS file
uniqreport repeated lines in a file
unitsconversion program
pack, pcat, unpackcompress and expand files
uptimeshow how long system has been up
valvalidate SCCS file
machid: pdp11, u3b, u3b15, u3b2, u3b5, 4d60, mips, m68000, m68k, vaxget processor type truth value
vcversion control
view, viscreen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex
vi, viewscreen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex
wwho is on and what they are doing
waitwait for background processes to complete
wcword count
whatidentify SCCS files
whereislocate source, binary, and or manual for program
whowho is on the system
whoamiprint effective current user id
writewrite to another user
xargsconstruct argument list(s) and execute command
xstrextract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
yaccyet another compiler-compiler
ypcatprint values in a YP data base
ypmatchprint the value of one or more keys from a yp map
yppasswdchange login password in yellow pages
ypwhichwhich host is the YP server or map master? 

1C. Communications Commands

ctspawn getty to a remote terminal
cucall another UNIX System
ftpARPANET file transfer program
rcpremote file copy
rloginremote login
rshremote shell
ruptimeshow host status of local machines
rwhowho’s logged in on local machines
t3279IBM 3270 terminal emulator
telnetuser interface to the TELNET protocol
uulog, uuname, uucpunix to unix copy
uuencode, uudecodeencode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail
uudecode, uuencodeencode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail
uucp, uuname, uulogunix to unix copy
uucp, uulog, uunameunix to unix copy
uuto, uupickpublic unix system-to-unix system file copy
uustatuucp status inquiry and job control
uupick, uutopublic unix system-to-unix system file copy
uuxunix to unix command execution
wsirisremote login with graphics
xcpremote file copy
xx, xloginremote execution via XNS
xlogin, xxremote execution via XNS

1D. IRIS GL Demos

archdisplay a simulated architectural model
bckgrndgenerate a textured background texture
showmap, cedit, interp, colordemocolor map demonstration programs
cubereal-time display of famous cube puzzle
curvefast interactive cubic curve display
demomakemap, demomakemloads colors for mex demonstration programs
dogcooperative or competitive flight simulator and airshow generator
dogscoredisplays the dogfight score board
flightsimulate the flight of any of several aircraft
flowdisplay of complex scientific data base
hemedepthcued display of the Cytochrome P450 protein molecule
showmap, cedit, interpcolor map demonstration programs
jetdepthcued wireframe model of a jet fighter
lightdemonstrates real-time lighting and shadows
radarflight controller’s view of the Ethernet dogfight
robotcontrol a robot arm
set60, setntsc, set30set video output type
set30, setntsc, set60set video output type
set60, set30, setntscset video output type
shadowfull-screen armchair pilot’s view of the dogfight
showrampinteractive color ramp
shuttledepthcued wireframe model of the space shuttle
superbreak, superbrea3-D version of the game "breakout"
surfegg, surfcarsurface editor and rendering driver
surfcar, surfeggsurface editor and rendering driver
textdragging and scrolling of pixel text
zshadecar, zshadeabstract, zshadeegg, zshadejet, zshadeabsshading and z-buffering demo
zshadeabstract, zshadeegg, zshadejet, zshadecarshading and z-buffering demo
zshadecar, zshadeabstract, zshadejet, zshadeeggshading and z-buffering demo
zshadecar, zshadeabstract, zshadeegg, zshadejetshading and z-buffering demo

1G. Graphics Commands

blanktimeset the screen blanking timeout
devportassign a serial port to an external graphics device
edgewindow-based debugger
gclearclear IRIS graphics screen
loadfontreplace the system font
mexmanage windows on the IRIS
textcolors, textcolorset the colors used by a text window

1M. Maintenance Commands (intro)

reject, acceptallow/prevent LP requests
acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp, acctoverview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctcmscommand summary from per-process accounting records
acctcon1, acctcon2, acctconconnect-time accounting
acctcon2, acctcon1connect-time accounting
acctcon1, acctcon2connect-time accounting
acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp, acctdiskoverview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctdisk, accton, acctwtmp, acctdusgoverview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctmergmerge or add total accounting files
acctdisk, acctdusg, acctwtmp, acctonoverview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctprc1, acctprc2, acctprcprocess accounting
acctprc2, acctprc1process accounting
acctprc1, acctprc2process accounting
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, acctshshell procedures for accounting
acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmpoverview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
addclientallow remote printing clients to connect
arpaddress resolution display and control
backupinteractive backup program for SGI IRIS workstation
brc, rc, powerfail, bcheckrcsystem initialization shell scripts
bcopyinteractive block copy
nfsd, biodNFS daemons
bootpserver for DARPA Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
bcheckrc, rc, powerfail, brcsystem initialization shell scripts
ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, chargefeeshell procedures for accounting
chrootchange root directory for a command
chargefee, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, ckpacctshell procedures for accounting
clriclear inode
cronclock daemon
devnmdevice name
fsck, dfsckfile system consistency check and interactive repair
chargefee, ckpacct, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, dodiskshell procedures for accounting
flpuxfertransfer the bootable floppy
dfsck, fsckfile system consistency check and interactive repair
fsdbBell file system debugger
ftpdDARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
wtmpfix, fwtmpmanipulate connect accounting records
gethostident, gethostidprint hostident value
gettyset terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline
pwck, grpckpassword/group file checkers
hyphyperchannel table translation
hyrouteset the hyperchannel routing tables
ifconfigconfigure network interface parameters
iibinitialize ib driver
inetdinternet “super−server”
telinit, initprocess control initialization
Install, install.4install commands
installinstall commands
introintroduction to system maintenance commands and application programs
kernelinstall a default kernel
killallkill all active processes
labelitlabel a file system
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, lastloginshell procedures for accounting
unlink, linkexercise link and unlink system calls
lpadminconfigure the LP spooling system
lpsched, lpshut, lpmovestart/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests
lpshut, lpmove, lpschedstart/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests
lpsched, lpmove, lpshutstart/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests
sendmail, newaliases, mailqsend mail over the Internet
makedbmmake a yellow pages dbm file
mkbootmake a bootable tape for system restoration
mkbootflpcreate a bootable unix floppy disk
mkcentprregister a Centronics-interface printer with LP
mkfs, mkfs.bellconstruct a file system
mkfsconstruct a file system
/etc/mklost+found, mklost+fomake a lost+found directory for fsck
mknetprprovide access to a remote printer
mknodbuild special file
mkpsregister a LaserWriter printer with LP
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, monacctshell procedures for accounting
umount, mountmount and dismount filesystems
mountdNFS mount request server
multiswitch the system to multi-user mode
mvdirmove a directory
ncheckgenerate names from i-numbers
biod, nfsdNFS daemons
nfsstatNetwork File System statistics
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, nulladmshell procedures for accounting
pingsend ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
portmapDARPA port to RPC program number mapper
brc, bcheckrc, rc, powerfailsystem initialization shell scripts
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, prctmpshell procedures for accounting
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, prdailyshell procedures for accounting
presetreset the lp queue system to a pristine state by deleting printers
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct, prtacctshell procedures for accounting
grpck, pwckpassword/group file checkers
rc.tcp, rc.nfs, rc.mail, rc.xns, rc.488communication option initialization
rc.getdate, rc.getdatuser-configurable system date initialization
brc, bcheckrc, powerfail, rcsystem initialization shell scripts
rc.tcp, rc.nfs, rc.488, rc.xns, rc.mailcommunication option initialization
rc.tcp, rc.mail, rc.488, rc.xns, rc.nfscommunication option initialization
rc.nfs, rc.mail, rc.488, rc.xns, rc.tcpcommunication option initialization
rc.tcp, rc.nfs, rc.mail, rc.488, rc.xnscommunication option initialization
rebootreboot the system
reboot, rebootrcreboot the system
accept, rejectallow/prevent LP requests
rexecdremote execution server
rlogindremote login server
rmprinterremove a printer from the LP spooling system
rootcopyIRIS terminal root partition copy
routemanually manipulate the routing tables
routednetwork routing daemon
rpc.passwd, rpc.passwserver for modifying yellow pages password file
rpcinforeport RPC information
rshdremote shell server
runacctrun daily accounting
rwallwrite to all users over a network
rwalldnetwork rwall server
rwhodsystem status server
newaliases, mailq, sendmailsend mail over the Internet
setmntestablish mount table
sgbootprovide network boot service
sgbounceprovide network name service
sgilabelprint or update the SGI disk drive label
showmountshow all remote mounts
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, startup, turnacct, shutacctshell procedures for accounting
shutdownterminate all processing
singleswitch the system to single-user mode
sprayspray packets
spraydspray server
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, turnacct, startupshell procedures for accounting
syslogdlog systems messages
init, telinitprocess control initialization
telnetdDARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpdDARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
timedtime server daemon
timedctimed control program
chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacctshell procedures for accounting
mount, umountmount and dismount filesystems
link, unlinkexercise link and unlink system calls
updateperiodically update the super block
uucleanuucp spool directory clean-up
uusubmonitor uucp network
vmstatreport virtual memory statistics
wallwrite to all users
whodowho is doing what
fwtmp, wtmpfixmanipulate connect accounting records
xnsdnetwork utility daemon
ypserv, ypbindyellow pages server and binder processes
ypinitbuild and install yellow pages database
ypmakerebuild yellow pages database
yppollwhat version of a YP map is at a YP server host
yppushforce propagation of a changed YP map
ypbind, ypservyellow pages server and binder processes
ypsetpoint ypbind at a particular server
ypxfrtransfer a YP map from some YP server to here

1W. mex Commands

capturedump screen image to file
ceditedit colors on the screen
clockdisplay the current time of day
gammaset the gamma correction value for mapping colors
ipastedisplay an image file on the screen
isetchange the type field of an image file
istatprovide information about an image file
loadavgraphically display the system load average
loadmapload a part of the color map from a file
magmagnify pixels on the screen
makemapmake the default color map
randmaprandomize a section of the color map
savedesktop, savedesktsaves colors in ~/.desktop
savemapsave a range of the color map
showmapdisplay the contents of the color map
showpieshow the division of a window into rectangles
shrinkshrink an image
startupstart the window manager
texbackgenerate a textured background texture
viscopy a file to the screen
wormsUNIX worms running on the IRIS

2. System Calls (intro)

exit, _exitterminate process
acceptaccept a connection on a socket
accessdetermine accessibility of a file
acctenable or disable process accounting
alarmset a process’s alarm clock
bindbind a name to a socket
sbrk, brkchange data segment space allocation
chdirchange working directory
chmodchange mode of file
chownchange owner and group of a file
chrootchange root directory
closeclose a file descriptor
connectinitiate a connection on a socket
creatcreate a new file or rewrite an existing one
dupduplicate an open file descriptor
execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, execexecute a file
_exit, exitterminate process
fcntlfile control
forkcreate a new process
stat, lstat, fstatget file status
truncate, ftruncatetruncate a file to a specified length
getdentsread directory entries and put in a file system independent format
getdomainname, setdomainname, getdomainget/set name of current domain
getdtablesize, getdtableget descriptor table size
getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegidget real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs
getuid, getgid, getegid, geteuidget real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs
getuid, geteuid, getegid, getgidget real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs
sethostid, gethostidget/set unique identifier of current host
gethostname, gethostnaget name of current host
getpagesize, getpagesiget system page size
getpeername, getpeernaget name of connected peer
getpid, getppid, getpgrpget process, process group, and parent process IDs
getpgrp, getppid, getpidget process, process group, and parent process IDs
getpid, getpgrp, getppidget process, process group, and parent process IDs
getsockname, getsocknaget socket name
getsockopt, setsockopt, getsockopget and set options on sockets
geteuid, getgid, getegid, getuidget real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs
getversion, getversioget version information from the operating system
introintroduction to system calls and error numbers
ioctlcontrol device
ip2mapmem, ip2unmap, ip2mapiomultibus mapping operations
ip2mapio, ip2unmap, ip2mapmemmultibus mapping operations
ip2mapio, ip2mapmem, ip2unmapmultibus mapping operations
killsend a signal to a process or a group of processes
linklink to a file
listenlisten for connections on a socket
lseekmove read/write file pointer
mkdirmake a directory
mknodmake a directory, or a special or ordinary file
mountmount a file system
msgctlmessage control operations
msggetget message queue
msgop: msgsnd, msgrcv, msgopmessage operations
nfsmountmount an NFS file system
async_daemon, nfssvcNFS daemons
nicechange priority of a process
openopen for reading or writing
pausesuspend process until signal
physallow a process to access physical addresses
pipecreate an interprocess channel
plocklock process, text, or data in memory
profilexecution time profile
ptraceprocess trace
readread from file
readlinkread value of a symbolic link
rebootreboot the system
recvfrom, recvmsg, recvreceive a message from a socket
recv, recvmsg, recvfromreceive a message from a socket
recv, recvfrom, recvmsgreceive a message from a socket
renamechange the name of a file
rmdirremove a directory
brk, sbrkchange data segment space allocation
selectsynchronous I/O multiplexing — TCP
semctlsemaphore control operations
semgetget set of semaphores
semopsemaphore operations
sendto, sendmsg, sendsend a message from a socket
send, sendto, sendmsgsend a message from a socket
send, sendmsg, sendtosend a message from a socket
setuid, setgidset user and group IDs
gethostid, sethostidget/set unique identifier of current host
sethostname, sethostnaset name of host cpu
setpgrpset process group ID
getsockopt, setsockopt, setsockopget and set options on sockets
setgid, setuidset user and group IDs
sginaptimed sleep and processor yield function
shmctlshared memory control operations
shmgetget shared memory segment
shmop: shmat, shmdt, shmopshared memory operations
shutdownshut down part of a full-duplex connection
signalspecify what to do upon receipt of a signal
socketcreate an endpoint for communication — TCP
socketpair, socketpaicreate a pair of connected sockets
lstat, fstat, statget file status
fstatfs, statfsget file system information — TCP
stimeset time
symlinkmake symbolic link to a file
syncupdate super-block
sysfsget file system type information
timeget time
timesget process and child process times
ftruncate, truncatetruncate a file to a specified length
ulimitget and set user limits
umaskset and get file creation mask
umountunmount a file system
unameget name of current UNIX system
unlinkremove directory entry
ustatget file system statistics
utimeset file access and modification times
waitwait for child process to stop or terminate
writewrite on a file

3. Subroutines and Libraries (intro)

introintroduction to subroutines and libraries

3B. 4.3BSD Compatibility Routines

directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedirdirectory operations
syslog, openlog, setlogmask, closelogcontrol system log
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, directorydirectory operations
dup2duplicate a file descriptor
ffsbit string operation
getgroupsget group access list
gettimeofday, gettimeofget date and time
remque, insqueinsert/remove element from a queue
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, opendirdirectory operations
syslog, closelog, setlogmask, openlogcontrol system log
srandom, initstate, setstate, randombetter random number generator; routines for changing generators
directory: opendir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, readdirdirectory operations
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, closedir, rewinddirdirectory operations
alphasort, scandirscan a directory
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, rewinddir, closedir, seekdirdirectory operations
syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, setlogmascontrol system log
openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslogcontrol system log
directory: opendir, readdir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, telldirdirectory operations
writevwrite output

3C. C Library

conv: toupper, tolower, _toupper, toascii, _tolowertranslate characters
conv: toupper, tolower, _tolower, toascii, _touppertranslate characters
l64a, a64lconvert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string
abortgenerate an IOT fault
absreturn integer absolute value
setmntent, getmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt, addmntentget file system descriptor file entry
scandir, alphasortscan a directory
ctime, localtime, gmtime, tzset, asctimeconvert date and time to string
atof (_latof), atofconvert ASCII string to floating-point number
strtol, atol, atoiconvert string to integer
strtol, atoi, atolconvert string to integer
bstring: bcopy, bzero, bswap, bcmpbyte string operations
bstring: bcopy, bcmp, bzero, bswap, bcopybyte string operations
bltblock transfer data
bsearchbinary search
bstring: bcopy, bcmp, bzero, bswap, bstringbyte string operations
bstring: bcopy, bcmp, bzero, bswapbyte string operations
bstring: bcopy, bcmp, bswap, bzerobyte string operations
malloc, free, realloc, cfree, malloc_check, callocmain memory allocator
clockreport CPU time used
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedirdirectory operations
conv: toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii, convtranslate characters
localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset, ctimeconvert date and time to string
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, ctypeclassify or translate characters
undial, dialestablish and relinquish an out-going terminal line connection
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, directorydirectory operations
erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, drand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
ecvt (_d_ecvt), fcvt (_d_fcvt), gcvt (_d_gcvt), ecvtconvert floating-point number to string
end, etext, edatalast locations in program
etext, edata, endlast locations in program
getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrentget group file entry
setmntent, getmntent, addmntent, hasmntopt, endmntentget file system descriptor file entry
getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwentget password file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, utmpname, endutentaccess utmp file entry
drand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, erand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr, errnosystem error messages
end, edata, etextlast locations in program
ecvt (_d_ecvt), fcvt (_d_fcvt), gcvt (_d_gcvt), fcvtconvert floating-point number to string
fpsigsetC floating point exception handling system
malloc, realloc, calloc, cfree, malloc_check, freemain memory allocator
frexp (_lfrexp), ldexp (_lldexp), modf (_lmodf), frexpmanipulate parts of floating-point numbers
ftwwalk a file tree
ecvt (_d_ecvt), fcvt (_d_fcvt), gcvt (_d_gcvt), gcvtconvert floating-point number to string
getcwdget pathname of current working directory
getenvreturn value for environment name
getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrentget group file entry
getgrent, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrgidget group file entry
getgrent, getgrgid, setgrent, endgrent, getgrnamget group file entry
gethostident, gethostidget the host’s unique identification
getloginget login name
setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt, getmntentget file system descriptor file entry
getoptget option letter from argument vector
getpassread a password
getpwget name from UID
getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwentget password file entry
getpwent, getpwuid, setpwent, endpwent, getpwnamget password file entry
getpwent, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwuidget password file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname, getutaccess utmp file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname, getutentaccess utmp file entry
getut: getutent, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname, getutidaccess utmp file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname, getutlineaccess utmp file entry
getwdget current working directory pathname
ctime, localtime, asctime, tzset, gmtimeconvert date and time to string
ssignal, gsignalsoftware signals
setmntent, getmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntoptget file system descriptor file entry
hsearch, hdestroy, hcreatemanage hash search tables
hsearch, hcreate, hdestroymanage hash search tables
hcreate, hdestroy, hsearchmanage hash search tables
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isalnumclassify or translate characters
isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isalphaclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isasciiclassify or translate characters
ttyname, isattyfind name of a terminal
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, isascii, iscntrlclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isdigitclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, isgraphclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, islowerclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isprintclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, ispunctclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isspaceclassify or translate characters
isalpha, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isupperclassify or translate characters
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isxdigitclassify or translate characters
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, jrand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
ltol3, l3tolconvert between 3-byte integers and long integers
a64l, l64aconvert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
frexp (_lfrexp), ldexp (_lldexp), modf (_lmodf), ldexpmanipulate parts of floating-point numbers
ctime, gmtime, asctime, tzset, localtimeconvert date and time to string
setjmp, longjmpnon-local goto
drand48, erand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, lrand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
lsearchlinear search and update
l3tol, ltol3convert between 3-byte integers and long integers
free, realloc, calloc, cfree, malloc_check, mallocmain memory allocator
memory: memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset, memccpymemory operations
memory: memccpy, memcmp, memcpy, memset, memchrmemory operations
memory: memccpy, memchr, memcpy, memset, memcmpmemory operations
memory: memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memset, memcpymemory operations
memory: memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset, memorymemory operations
memory: memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memsetmemory operations
mktempmake a unique file name
frexp (_lfrexp), ldexp (_lldexp), modf (_lmodf), modfmanipulate parts of floating-point numbers
resume_prof, suspend_prof, monitorprepare execution profile
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, mrand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
nlistget entries from name list
drand48, erand48, lrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48, nrand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, opendirdirectory operations
errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr, perrorsystem error messages
putpwentwrite password file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, setutent, endutent, utmpname, pututlineaccess utmp file entry
qsortquicker sort
srand, randsimple random-number generator
directory: opendir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, readdirdirectory operations
malloc, free, calloc, cfree, malloc_check, reallocmain memory allocator
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, closedir, rewinddirdirectory operations
alphasort, scandirscan a directory
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, lcong48, seed48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
directory: opendir, readdir, telldir, rewinddir, closedir, seekdirdirectory operations
getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, endgrent, setgrentget group file entry
longjmp, setjmpnon-local goto
getmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt, setmntentget file system descriptor file entry
getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, endpwent, setpwentget password file entry
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, endutent, utmpname, setutentaccess utmp file entry
sleepsuspend execution for interval
rand, srandsimple random-number generator
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, seed48, lcong48, srand48generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
gsignal, ssignalsoftware signals
stdipc: ftok, stdipcstandard interprocess communication package
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strcatstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strchrstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strcmpstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strcpystring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strtok, index, rindex, strcspnstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, stringstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strlenstring operations
string: strcat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strncatstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strncmpstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strncpystring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strpbrkstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strrchrstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex, strspnstring operations
string: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, index, rindex, strtokstring operations
atol, atoi, strtolconvert string to integer
swabswap bytes
perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr, sys_errlisystem error messages
perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerrsystem error messages
tsearch, twalk, tdeletemanage binary search trees
directory: opendir, readdir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, telldirdirectory operations
conv: toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toasciitranslate characters
conv: toupper, _toupper, _tolower, toascii, tolowertranslate characters
conv: toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii, touppertranslate characters
tdelete, twalk, tsearchmanage binary search trees
isatty, ttynamefind name of a terminal
ttyslotfind the slot in the utmp file of the current user
tsearch, tdelete, twalkmanage binary search trees
ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzsetconvert date and time to string
getut: getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpnameaccess utmp file entry

3G. IRIX GL Library (intro)

addtopupadds items to an existing pop-up menu
arcdraws a circular arc
arcfdraws a filled circular arc
attachcursor, attachcurattaches the cursor to two valuators
backbuffer, backbuffeenables updating in the back buffer
backfaceturns backfacing polygon removal on and off
bbox2specifies bounding box and minimum pixel radius
blankscreen, blankscreturns screen refresh on and off
blanktimesets the screen blanking timeout
blinkchanges a color map entry at a selectable rate
blkqreadreads multiple entries from the queue
callfunccalls a function from within an object
callobjdraws an instance of an object
charstrdraws a string of raster characters on the screen
chunksizespecifies minimum object size in memory
circoutlines a circle
circfdraws a filled circle
clearclears the viewport
clearhitcode, clearhitcsets the system hitcode to zero
clkoffturns off the keyboard click
clkonturns on the keyboard click
closeobjcloses an object
cmovupdates the current character position
colorsets the color index in the current mode
compactify, compactifcompacts the memory storage of an object
crvdraws a curve
crvndraws a series of curve segments
curoriginsets the origin of a cursor
cursoffturns off the cursor
cursonturns on the cursor
curvebasis, curvebasiselects a basis matrix used to draw curves
curveitdraws a curve segment
curveprecision, curveprecsets the number of line segments that draw a curve segment
cyclemapcycles through color maps at a specified rate
dbtextsets the dial and button box text
defbasisdefines a basis matrix
defcursordefines a cursor glyph
deflinestyle, deflinestdefines a linestyle
defpattern, defpatterdefines patterns
defpupdefines a menu
defrasterfont, defrasterdefines a raster font
delobjdeletes an object
deltagdeletes tags from objects
depthcueturns depth-cue mode on and off
devportassigns a serial port to an external graphics device
dopupdisplays the specified pop-up menu
doublebuffer, doublebufsets the display mode to double buffer mode
drawdraws a line
editobjopens an object for editing
endfeedback, endfeedbaturns off feedback mode
endfullscrn, endfullscends full-screen mode
endpickturns off picking mode
endpupmode, endpupmodends pop-up mode
endselectturns off selecting mode
feedbackturns on feedback mode
finishblocks the user process until the Geometry Pipeline is empty
fontselects a raster font for drawing text strings
foreground, foregrounkeeps a graphical process in the foreground
freepupreturns a menu and its data structures to the system
frontbuffer, frontbuffenables updating in the front buffer
fudgespecifies fudge values added to a graphics window
fullscrngives a program the entire screen as a window
gbegininitializes the system without altering the color map
gconfigreconfigures the system
genobjreturns a unique integer for use as an object identifier
gentagreturns a unique integer for use as a tag
getbackface, getbackfareturns whether backfacing polygons will appear
getbufferindicates which buffers are enabled for writing
getbuttonreturns the state (up or down) of a button
getcmmodereturns the current color map mode
getcolorreturns the current color
getcposreturns the current character position
getcursorreturns the cursor characteristics
getdcmindicates whether depth-cue mode is on or off
getdepthreturns the parameters of setdepth
getdescender, getdescenreturns the character characteristics
getdevreads a list of valuators at one time
getdisplaymode, getdisplareturns the current display mode
getfontreturns the current raster font number
getgposreturns the current graphics position
getheightreturns the maximum character height in the current raster font
gethitcode, gethitcodreturns the current system hitcode
getlsbackup, getlsbackreturns the current value of the linestyle backup flag
getlsrepeat, getlsrepereturns the linestyle repeat count
getlstylereturns the current linestyle
getlwidthreturns the current linewidth
getmapreturns the number of the current color map
getmatrixreturns the current transformation matrix
getmcolorreturns a color map entry
getmemreturns the amount of available memory
getmonitor, getmonitoreturns the current display monitor
getopenobj, getopenobreturns the current open object
getoriginreturns the position of a graphics window
getothermonitor, getothermreturns the nondisplayed monitor type
getpattern, getpatterreturns the index of the current pattern
getplanesreturns the number of available bitplanes
getportcreates a graphics window under the window manager
getresetls, getresetlreturns the current value of resetls
getscrmask, getscrmasreturns the current screenmask
getshadereturns the current shade
getsizereturns the size of a graphics window
gettpreturns the location of the current textport
getvaluator, getvaluatreturns the current state of a valuator
getviewport, getviewporeturns the current viewport
getwritemask, getwritemreturns the current writemask
getzbuffer, getzbuffeindicates whether z-buffering is on or off
gexitterminates a program
gflushforces all unsent routines down the network
ginitinitializes the system
gresetresets all global state attributes to their initial values
gRGBcolor, grgbcolorreturns the current RGB value
gRGBcursor, grgbcursoreturns the cursor characteristics in RGB mode
gRGBmask, grgbmaskreturns the current RGB writemask
gselectputs the system in selecting mode
gsyncwaits for a vertical retrace period
imakebackground, imakebackregisters the screen background process
initnamesinitializes the name stack
introduction, introdescription of routines in the Graphics Library
ismexreturns TRUE if the window manager is running
isobjindicates whether a given object number identifies an object
isqueuedindicates if the specified device is queued
istagindicates if a given tag is used within the current open object
keepaspect, keepaspecspecifies the aspect ratio of a graphics window
lampoffturns off the keyboard display lights
lamponturns on the keyboard display lights
linewidthspecifies the linewidth
loadmatrix, loadmatriloads a transformation matrix
loadnameloads the name on the top of the name stack
lookatdefines a viewing transformation
lsbackupcontrols whether the last two pixels of a line are colored
lsrepeatsets a repeat factor for the current linestyle
makeobjcreates an object
maketagnumbers a routine in the display list
mapcolorchanges a color map entry
mapwmaps a point on the screen into a line in 3-D world coordinates
mapw2maps a point on the screen into 2-D world coordinates
maxsizespecifies the maximum size of a graphics window
minsizespecifies the minimum size of a graphics window
movemoves the current graphics position to a specified point
multimaporganizes the color map as 16 small maps
multmatrix, multmatripremultiplies the current transformation matrix
newpupallocates and initializes a structure for a new menu
newtagcreates a new tag in an object
noisefilters valuator motion
noportspecifies that a program does not require a graphics window
objdeletedeletes routines from an object
objinsertinserts routines in an object at a specified location
objreplace, objreplacoverwrites existing display list routines with new ones
onemaporganizes the color map as one large map
ortho2, orthodefine an orthographic projection transformation
pagecolorsets the color of the textport background
pagewritemask, pagewritesets the writemask for the textport background
passthrough, passthroupasses a single token through the Geometry Pipeline
patchdraws a surface patch
patchbasis, patchbasisets current basis matrices
patchcurves, patchcurvsets the number of curves that represent a patch
patchprecision, patchprecsets the precision at which curves are drawn
pclospolygon close
pdrpolygon draw
perspective, perspectidefines a perspective projection transformation
pickputs the system in picking mode
picksizesets the dimensions of the picking region
pmvpolygon move
pntdraws a point
polarviewdefines the viewer’s position in polar coordinates
polfdraws a filled polygon
polyoutlines a polygon
popattributes, popattribpops the attribute stack
popmatrixpops the transformation matrix stack
popnamepops a name off the name stack
popviewport, popviewporestores viewport, screenmask, and setdepth parameters
prefposition, prefpositspecifies the preferred location and size of a graphics window
prefsizespecifies the preferred size of a graphics window
pupcolorspecifies the current pop-up drawing color
pupmodeprovides access to the pop-up menu bitplanes
pushattributes, pushattrisaves the global state attributes
pushmatrix, pushmatripushes down the transformation matrix stack
pushnamepushes a new name on the name stack
pushviewport, pushviewpduplicates the current viewport
qdevicequeues a device (keyboard, button, or valuator)
qentercreates an event queue entry
qreadreads the first entry in the event queue
qresetempties the event queue
qtestchecks the contents of the event queue
rcrvdraws a curve
rcrvndraws a series of curve segments
rdrrelative draw
readpixels, readpixelreturns values of specific pixels
readRGB, readrgbreturns values of specific pixels
rectoutlines a rectangular region
rectcopycopies a rectangle of pixels on the screen
rectffills a rectangular area
resetlscontrols the continuity of linestyles
reshapeviewport, reshapevisets the viewport to the dimensions of the current graphics window
RGBcolor, rgbcolorsets the current color in RGB mode
RGBcursor, rgbcursorsets the characteristics of the cursor in RGB mode
RGBmode, rgbmodesets a display mode that bypasses the color map
RGBwritemask, rgbwritemgrants write access to a subset of available bitplanes
ringbellrings the keyboard bell
rmvrelative move
rotrotates graphical primitives (floating point version)
rotaterotates graphical primitives
rpatchdraws a rational surface patch
rpdrrelative polygon draw
rpmvrelative polygon move
scalescales and mirrors objects
screenspace, screenspainterprets graphics positions as absolute screen coordinates
scrmaskdefines a clipping mask for fine character clipping
setbellsets the duration of the keyboard bell
setcursorsets the cursor characteristics
setdblights, setdblighsets the lights on the dial and button box
setdepthsets up a 3-D viewport
setfastcom, setfastcosends data in 8 bits per byte. 
setlinestyle, setlinestselects a linestyle pattern
setmapselects one of the 16 small color maps
setmonitor, setmonitosets the monitor type
setpattern, setpatterselects a pattern for filling polygons, rectangles, and curves
setshadesets the current polygon shade
setslowcom, setslowcosends data in 6 bits per byte. 
setvaluator, setvaluatassigns an initial value to a valuator
shaderange, shaderangsets range of color indices used in depth-cueing
singlebuffer, singlebufwrites and displays all bitplanes
spclosdraws the current open, shaded polygon
splfdraws a shaded filled polygon
stepunitspecifies that a graphics window change size in discrete steps
strwidthreturns the width of the specified text string
swapbuffers, swapbuffeexchanges the front and back buffers
swapinterval, swapinterdefines a minimum time between buffer swaps
textcolorsets the color of text drawn in the textport
textinitinitializes the console textport
textportallocates an area of the screen for the textport
textwritemask, textwritegrants write permission for text drawn in the textport
tieties two valuators to a button
tpoffturns off the textport
tponturns on the textport
translatetranslates graphical primitives
unqdevicedisables the specified device from making entries in the event queue
viewportallocates an area of the window for an image
winatreturns the indentifier of the window beneath the cursor
winattachattaches the input focus to the current graphics window and call process
winclosecloses the identified graphics window
winconstraints, winconstrchanges the constraints of the current graphics window
windowdefines a perspective projection transformation
wingetreturns the identifier of the current graphics window
winmovemoves the lower-left corner of the current graphics window
winopencreates a graphics window
winpopmoves the current graphics window in front of all other windows
winposition, winpositichanges the size and position of the current graphics window
winpushplaces the current graphics window behind all other windows
winsetsets the current graphics window
wintitleadds a title bar to the current graphics window
writemaskgrants write permission to available bitplanes
writepixels, writepixepaints a row of pixels on the screen
writeRGB, writergbpaints a row of pixels on the screen
xfpttransforms points
zbufferstarts or ends z-buffer mode
zclearinitializes the z-buffer

3M. Math Library

trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), acostrigonometric functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), asintrigonometric functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), atantrigonometric functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), atan2trigonometric functions
bessel: j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, besselBessel functions
floor (_lfloor), ceil (_lceil), fmod (_lfmod), fabs (_lfabs), ceilfloor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), costrigonometric functions
sinh (_lsinh), cosh (_lcosh), tanh (_ltanh), coshhyperbolic functions
erfc, erferror function and complementary error function
erf, erfcerror function and complementary error function
exp (_lexp), log (_llog), log10 (_llog10), pow (_lpow), sqrt (_lsqrt), expexponential, logarithm, power, square root functions
floor (_lfloor), ceil (_lceil), fmod (_lfmod), fabs (_lfabs), fabsfloor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions
floor (_lfloor), ceil (_lceil), fmod (_lfmod), fabs (_lfabs), floorfloor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions
floor (_lfloor), ceil (_lceil), fmod (_lfmod), fabs (_lfabs), fmodfloor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions
gammalog gamma function
hypotEuclidean distance function
bessel: j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, j0Bessel functions
bessel: j0, jn, y0, y1, yn, j1Bessel functions
bessel: j0, j1, y0, y1, yn, jnBessel functions
exp (_lexp), log (_llog), log10 (_llog10), pow (_lpow), sqrt (_lsqrt), logexponential, logarithm, power, square root functions
exp (_lexp), log (_llog), log10 (_llog10), pow (_lpow), sqrt (_lsqrt), log10exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions
matherrerror-handling function
exp (_lexp), log (_llog), log10 (_llog10), pow (_lpow), sqrt (_lsqrt), powexponential, logarithm, power, square root functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), sintrigonometric functions
sinh (_lsinh), cosh (_lcosh), tanh (_ltanh), sinhhyperbolic functions
exp (_lexp), log (_llog), log10 (_llog10), pow (_lpow), sqrt (_lsqrt), sqrtexponential, logarithm, power, square root functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), tantrigonometric functions
sinh (_lsinh), cosh (_lcosh), tanh (_ltanh), tanhhyperbolic functions
trig: sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_lasin), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2), trigtrigonometric functions
bessel: j0, j1, jn, y1, yn, y0Bessel functions
bessel: j0, j1, jn, y0, yn, y1Bessel functions
bessel: j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, ynBessel functions

3N. Network Support Library

byteorder: htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, byteorderconvert values between host and network byte order
gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent, endhostenget network host entry
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetentget network entry
getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent, endprotoeget protocol entry
gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent, gethostbyget network host entry
gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent, gethostenget network host entry
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent, getnetbyaget network entry
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent, getnetbynget network entry
getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent, getnetentget network entry
getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent, getprotobget protocol entry
getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent, getprotoeget protocol entry
getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent, getservenget service entry
ibtab: setibfile, setibent, endibent, getibent, ibnflags, ibtabpackage for dealing with ibtab files
inet: inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof, inetInternet address manipulation routines
rresvport, ruserok, rcmdroutines for returning a stream to a remote command
rexecreturn stream to a remote command
gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent, sethostenget network host entry
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, endnetent, setnetentget network entry
getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent, setprotoeget protocol entry

3R. RPC Library

ethers: ether_ntoa, ether_aton, ether_ntohost, ether_hostton, ether_line, ethersethernet address mapping operations
getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr, getnetgreget network group entry
getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber, setrpcent, endrpcent, getrpcentget rpc entry
getrpcport, getrpcporget RPC port number
rpclibrary routines for remote procedure calls
xdrlibrary routines for external data representation
ypclnt: yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_get_default_domain, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err, ypclntyellow pages client interface

3S. Standard I/O Library

ferror, feof, fileno, clearerrstream status inquiries
ctermidgenerate file name for terminal
cuseridget character login name of the user
fflush, fcloseclose or flush a stream
fopen, freopen, fdopenopen a stream
ferror, clearerr, fileno, feofstream status inquiries
feof, clearerr, fileno, ferrorstream status inquiries
fclose, fflushclose or flush a stream
getc, getchar, getw, fgetcget character or word from stream
gets, fgetsget a string from a stream
ferror, feof, clearerr, filenostream status inquiries
freopen, fdopen, fopenopen a stream
printf, sprintf, fprintfprint formatted output
putc, putchar, putw, fputcput character or word on a stream
puts, fputsput a string on a stream
fwrite, freadbinary input/output
fopen, fdopen, freopenopen a stream
scanf, sscanf, fscanfconvert formatted input
rewind, ftell, fseekreposition a file pointer in a stream
fseek, rewind, ftellreposition a file pointer in a stream
fread, fwritebinary input/output
getchar, fgetc, getw, getcget character or word from stream
getc, fgetc, getw, getcharget character or word from stream
fgets, getsget a string from a stream
getc, getchar, fgetc, getwget character or word from stream
popen, pcloseinitiate pipe to/from a process
pclose, popeninitiate pipe to/from a process
fprintf, sprintf, printfprint formatted output
putchar, fputc, putw, putcput character or word on a stream
putc, fputc, putw, putcharput character or word on a stream
fputs, putsput a string on a stream
putc, putchar, fputc, putwput character or word on a stream
fseek, ftell, rewindreposition a file pointer in a stream
fscanf, sscanf, scanfconvert formatted input
setbufassign buffering to a stream
printf, fprintf, sprintfprint formatted output
scanf, fscanf, sscanfconvert formatted input
stdiostandard buffered input/output package
systemissue a shell command
tmpnam, tempnamcreate a name for a temporary file
tmpfilecreate a temporary file
tempnam, tmpnamcreate a name for a temporary file
ungetcpush character back into input stream

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

assertverify program assertion
cursesscreen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
dbm: dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey, dbmdata base subroutines
ethermonitor traffic on the Ethernet
setfpe, fpecleanup, fpecleanuFORTRAN and Pascal floating-point exception handling system
lognamereturn login name of user
mountkeep track of remotely mounted filesystems
ndbm: dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr, ndbmdata base subroutines
regex, regcmpcompile and execute regular expression
regcmp, regexcompile and execute regular expression
rusers, rnusersreturn information about users on remote machines
rwallwrite to specified remote machines
fpecleanup, setfpeFORTRAN and Pascal floating-point exception handling system
sprayscatter data in order to check the network
termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, termcapterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, termlibterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, tgetentterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, tgetflagterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, tgetnumterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgoto, tputs, tgetstrterminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tputs, tgototerminal independent operation routines
termcap, termlib: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputsterminal independent operation routines
userexituser routine for intercepting FORTRAN runtime errors. 
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xcmdXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xnsconnecXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xnseofXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xnsfileXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xnslibXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnsread, xnswrite, xsh, xnslistenXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnswrite, xsh, xnsreadXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xsh, xnswriteXNS network support routines
xnslib: xcmd, xnsconnect, xnseof, xnsfile, xnslisten, xnsread, xnswrite, xshXNS network support routines
yppasswdupdate Yellow Pages user password

4. Special Files (intro)

a.outassembler and link editor output
acctper-process accounting file format
afmAdobe POSTSCRIPT font metrics file format
aliasesaliases file for sendmail
ararchive (library) file format
Bell file system, bellfsformat of Bell file system volume
bellinodeformat of a Bell file system inode
coreformat of core image file
cpioformat of cpio archive
cshrccsh system-wide .login file
dirformat of directories
direntfile system independent directory entry
Extent file system, efslayout of the Extent file system
efsinodeformat of an Extent file system inode
ethersethernet address to hostname database
exportsNFS filesystems being exported
filehdrfile header for common object files
fontdescription files for troff
file system, fsformat of system volumes
fspecformat specification in text files
mntent, fstabstatic information about filesystems
gettydefsspeed and terminal settings used by getty
groupgroup file
holidaysholidays of the year
hosts.equiv, hosts.equlist of trusted hosts
hostshost name data base
ibtabformat of ibtab file
inittabscript for the init process
inodeformat of an inode
introintroduction to file formats
issueissue identification file
linenumline number entries in a common object file
cshrc, loginsetting up a C Shell environment
fstab, mntentstatic information about filesystems
modelmodel identification
motdmessage of the day
/etc/mtab, mtabmounted file system table
netgrouplist of network groups
networksnetwork name data base
passwdpassword file
pnchfile format for card images
postscript, postscripprint file format
profilesetting up a Bourne Shell environment at login time
protocolsprotocol name data base
rcsfileformat of RCS file
rhostslist of trusted hosts and users
rmtabremotely mounted file system table
rpcrpc program number data base
sccsfileformat of SCCS file
scnhdrsection header for a common object file
servicesservice name data base
stabsymbol table types
sys_idsystem identification
termcapterminal capability data base
ttytypedata base of terminal types by port
TZ, tzlocal time zone
wtmp, utmputmp and wtmp entry formats
utmp, wtmputmp and wtmp entry formats
ypfilesthe yellowpages database and directory structure

5. File Formats (intro)

asciimap of ASCII character set
environuser environment
eqncharspecial character definitions for eqn and neqn
fcntlfile control options
greekgraphics for the extended TTY-37 type-box
introintroduction to miscellany
manmacros for formatting entries in this manual
memacros for formatting papers
mmthe MM macro package for formatting documents
mptxthe macro package for formatting a permuted index
mstext formatting macros
mva troff macro package for typesetting view graphs and slides
ntermterminal driving tables for nroff
regexpregular expression compile and match routines
statdata returned by stat system call
termconventional names for terminals
pscomm, psrv, pstext, psbanner, psinterface, transcripTRANSCRIPT spooler filters for POSTSCRIPT printers
troffdescription of output language
typesprimitive system data types
varargsvariable argument list

6. Games and Demos (intro)

adventurean exploration game
alienslog, aliensthe alien invaders attack the earth
arithmetic, arithmetiprovide drill in number facts
autorobots, autorobotescape from the automatic robots
backthe game of backgammon
bcdconvert to antique media
bjthe game of black jack
chasetry to escape the killer robots
crapsthe game of craps
cribbagethe card game cribbage
fishplay “Go Fish”
fortuneprint a random, hopefully interesting, adage
hangmanguess the word
introintroduction to games
lifeplay the game of life
mastermind, mastermingame of "mastermind"
mazegenerate a maze
mooguessing game
numberconvert Arabic numerals to English
quiztest your knowledge
rainanimated raindrops display
robotsescape from the robots
rogueexploring the Dungeons of Doom
trektrekkie game
cubic, ttttic-tac-toe
twinkletwinkle stars on the screen
wormplay the growing worm game
wormsanimate worms on a display terminal
wumpthe game of hunt-the-wumpus

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

autoconfdiagnostics from the autoconfiguration code
drumpaging device
dsdst-506 disk/tape/floppy controller
duarton board serial ports
floppyst-506 disk/tape/floppy controller
ibIEEE 488 interface
introintroduction to special files
iphInterphase 2190 smd disk controller
mem, kmemmain memory
losoftware loopback network interface
kmem, memmain memory
mtiomagnetic tape interface
nfsnetwork file system
nulldata sink
nxXNS Ethernet driver
ptypseudo terminal driver
qicst-506 disk/tape controller
sifInterphase Storager 2 floppy controller
siiInterphase Storager 2 esdi/st-506 disk/tape/floppy controller
siqInterphase Storager 2 qic-02 tape controller
termiogeneral terminal interface
ttycontrolling terminal interface
xnsinterface to XNS Sequenced Packet Protocol

7P. Network Protocols (intro)

icmpInternet Control Message Protocol
inetInternet protocol family
networking, introintroduction to networking facilities
ipInternet Protocol — TCP
tcpInternet Transmission Control Protocol
udpInternet User Datagram Protocol

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

bootstartup procedures
crashwhat to do when the system crashes
introintroduction to system maintenance procedures

Typewritten Software • bear@typewritten.org • Edmonds, WA 98026