X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) NAME X - a network transparent window system for UNIX For 4310, 4320, and 4330 series UTek products only. DESCRIPTION The program X, developed at M.I.T., is a network transparent windowing system; X runs under UTek version 2.3.1, Ultrix-32 Version 1.2, and 4.3BSD UNIX. Most X display servers use bitmap terminals. The server distributes user input to, and accepts output requests from various client programs located either on the same machine or elsewhere in the Internet. While a client normally runs on the same machine as the X server it is talking to, this need not be the case. Supporting overlapping windows, X also supports fully recursive subwindows, and text and graphics operations within windows. For a full explanation of functions, see the X Window System Reference manual, under the section describing Xlib - C Language X Interface. For a description of the Xclient User Interface Library, see the X Toolkit section of the X Window System Reference manual. When you first log in on a display running X, you are normally using the xterm(1x) (DEC VT102) terminal emulator program or the tterm (Tektronix 4107) terminal emulator program. You need not learn anything extra to use a display running X as a terminal beyond moving the mouse cursor into the login window to log in normally. Using xstart(8x), X is initialized, accessing the information stored in the file /etc/X.conf. (See X.conf(5x) and xstart(8x) for details.) NOTE: When the X window system server is not run automatically from xstart(8x), and the window system must be started from a shell running on the display, xinit(1x) is used. (See xinit(1x) for details.) The window system X provides hooks for your favorite style of user interface; feel free to write your own if you don't like the style provided by existing window managers (see xwm(1px), xnwm(1px), or uwm(1x) ). These programs manipulate existing top level windows, including moving, resizing, and iconifying existing windows. You should start your favorite window manager when you log in on a display running X. Current client programs of X include a terminal emulator xterm(1x), window managers xwm(1px), xnwm(1px) and uwm(1x), Printed 5/12/88 1
X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) bitmap editor bitmap(1px), access control program xhost(1px), user preference setting program xset(1px), load monitor xload(1px), clock xclock(1px), and font displayer xfd(1px). OPTIONS The following options can be given to the X server on the command line, usually started by xstart(8x), using information stored in the file /etc/X.conf. (See X.conf(5x) and X(8x) for details.) -a # set mouse acceleration (pixels) -f # set feep (bell) volume (0-7) m force monochrome mode on a color display -p # set screen-saver pattern cycle time (minutes) -r turn off autorepeat r turn on autorepeat -s # set screen-saver timeout (minutes) -t # set mouse threshold (pixels) v set video-on screen-saver preference -v set video-off screen-saver preference -0 color set color map entry 0 (BlackPixel) -1 color set color map entry 1 (WhitePixel) -D rgbdb set RGB database file The default options are -a 4 c 6 -f 3 l -p 60 r -s 10 -t 2 -0 #008 -1 #ffffff -D /usr/lib/rgb X DEFAULTS Many X programs follow the convention of using a file .Xdefaults in your home directory, allowing tailoring of the default values of many items on the display (default font, border width, icon behavior, and so on). The format of .Xdefaults is Printed 5/12/88 2
X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) programname.keyword:value where the default value for each keyword is set to the specified string. If the program name is missing, the default keyword value is set to the value for all programs. You must include a colon after the keyword, otherwise the command will not execute. Case is not significant in keywords and white space before the value is ignored. Any global defaults must precede program defaults in the file. (See the manual pages for a list of defaults that can be set in a given program.) Here is an example of a $HOME/.Xdefaults file. # this is a comment .BorderWidth: 2 .BitmapIcon: on .MakeWindow.Background: #8e8 .MakeWindow.Border: #f26 .MakeWindow.BodyFont: cor .MakeWindow.Foreground: medium slate blue .MakeWindow.Freeze: on .MakeWindow.Mouse: #e6f .MakeWindow.MouseMask: black .MakeWindow.ClipToScreen:on .Menufreeze: on .Menubackground: maroon .Panefont: 8x13 .SelectionFont: 8x13 .SelectionBorder: black .Paneborderwidth: 1 xterm.Panespread: .25 bitmap.Background: forest green bitmap.Border: salmon bitmap.Foreground: white bitmap.Highlight: red bitmap.Mouse: black xclock.Background: plum xclock.Border: black xclock.Foreground: red xclock.Highlight: blue xclock.Mode: analog xshell.action.LeftButton:xterm =80x65-0+0 -fn 6x10 xshell.action.RightButton:xterm =20x20-0-0 -fn 6x10 -e dc xshell.action.$: xterm =80x65+0+0 -fn 6x10 -e sh xshell.action.#: xterm =80x65+0+0 -fn 6x10 -e su xshell.ReverseVideo: on xshell.WindowGeometry: =-0-0 xshell.Quiet: on xload.Background: #ff0068 xload.Border: black xload.Foreground: slate blue Printed 5/12/88 3
X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) xload.Highlight: yellow xload.ReverseVideo: on xterm.Background: #355 xterm.BodyFont: 6x13p xterm.Cursor: green xterm.Foreground: white By default when you log in, only programs running on your local computer are allowed interaction with your display. If you need access to another machine, you can use the xhost(1px) program to access your first display. SIZING WINDOWS Many applications read options (Xdefaults) to control sizing of initial windows: MakeWindow.BodyFont Control the font for the pop up window. MakeWindow.BorderWidth Control outer window border. MakeWindow.InternalBorder Control inner window border. MakeWindow.ReverseVideo When on, reverse colors. MakeWindow.Foreground Control pop up window color. MakeWindow.Background Control pop up window color. MakeWindow.Border Control pop up window color. MakeWindow.Mouse Control mouse cursor color. MakeWindow.MouseMask Control mouse cursor color. MakeWindow.Freeze When on, stop all other output while sizing the window, and use a steady outline instead of continuously flashing the window outline. MakeWindow.ClipToScreen Clip the resulting window to fit the screen. Printed 5/12/88 4
X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) (Currently only implemented in programs using the XCreateTerm subroutine.) GEOMETRY SPECIFICATION Most programs accept a geometry specification allowing automatic creation and placement of windows on the screen at login and other convenient times. The geometric specification = [WIDTH] [HEIGHT] [{+-} XOFF[{+-}YOFF]] is explained here. The [ ] denote optional parameters, the { } surround alternatives. WIDTH and HEIGHT are specified in number of characters for text-oriented applications, and are usually stated in pixels for graphics-oriented applications. XOFF and YOFF are stated in pixels; if you don't specify XOFF and/or YOFF, you must use the mouse to create the window. If you specify XOFF and/or YOFF, a WIDTH x HEIGHT window is automatically created without intervention. XOFF and YOFF denote deltas from a corner of the screen to the corresponding corner of the window, as follows: +XOFF+YOFF upper left to upper left -XOFF+YOFF upper right to upper right +XOFF-YOFF lower left to lower left -XOFF-YOFF lower right to lower right KEYBOARD If you don't like the standard keyboard layout or the default definitions of keymap and function keys, the keyboards on most displays can be remapped to suit your taste. Many programs look for a file called .Xkeymap in your home directory. This is a binary file, produced from a source map with the keycomp(1px) program. COLORS Many programs allow color specification for background, border, text, etc. A color specification can be given either as an English name (see /usr/lib/rgb.txt for defined names), or three hexadecimal values for the RGB (red, green, blue) components, in one of the following formats: #RGB #RRGGBB #RRRGGGBBB #RRRRGGGGBBBB Printed 5/12/88 5
X(1x) COMMAND REFERENCE X(1x) DISPLAY SPECIFICATION When you first log in, the environment variable DISPLAY is set to a string host:display determining which display an X application will talk to by default. (For example, mit-athena:0 specifies the host mit-athena and the display number 0.) Most applications also interpret an argument containing a colon ( : ) as the display to use. KEY CONTROL The 4310 series workstation products provide two additional items of keyboard control, using entries found in /usr/lib/X/Xcontrols, $HOME/.Xcontrols, and environment variables, in that order. Values are checked only when X is first invoked. The format of the Xcontrols file is identical to that of the .Xdefaults file. The entries .joydisk.pan in the Xcontrols file and JOYPAN in the environment, control the behavior of the joydisk on the 4315 only. If on, it will pan the 4315 viewport. If off, it will generate key events as any other keyboard key. The default is off. NOTE: The Tektronix 4316 workstations and 4317 workstations ignore this control. The entries .keyrepeat in the Xcontrols file and XKEYDELAYS in the environment control the speed of key autorepeat. The value is a list of delays in 10 millisecond increments. Default is 30 10 10 10 7 7 7 5 5 5 3. The autorepeat timer interval is greater than ten milliseconds, so each delay is greater than or equal to the specified amount. CAVEATS If you do not include the colon ( : ) after the keyword an error message is not given and the command does not execute. SEE ALSO bitmap(1px), init(8), keycomp(1px), pikapix(1px), rc.X(8x), resize(1px), sttx(1x), tterm(1x), ttys(5), uwm(1x), X(1x), xclock(1px), X.conf(5x), xconfig(8x), xdestroy(1x), xfd(1px), xhost(1px), xinit(1x), Xlib(3x), xload(1px), xnwm(1px), xperfmon(1px), xrefresh(1px), xset(1px), xsetroot(1px), xshell(1px), xstart(8px), xterm(1x), xtst(1x), xtext(3px), Xtlib(3x), xtty(3px), xwd(1px), xwininfo(1px), xwm(1px), and xwud(1px). See the Xlib - C Language X Interface and the X Toolkit sections in the X Window System Reference manual. Printed 5/12/88 6
%%index%% na:192,158; de:350,2911;3525,293; op:3818,2292;6374,2301;8939,4435;13638,2543;16445,2175; ca:18620,209; se:18829,1324; %%index%%000000000152