| adb | debugger |
| apl | an apl interpreter |
| apropos | locate commands by keyword lookup |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| ar11 | PDP-11 compatible archive and library maintainer |
| as | assembler |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| basename | strip filename affixes |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| mail, binmail | send or receive mail among users |
| cal | print calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | catenate and print |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| cc | C compiler |
| ccat | cat compressed files |
| cd | change working directory |
| chfn | change full name of user |
| chown, chgrp | change owner or group |
| chmod | change mode |
| chgrp, chown | change owner or group |
| chsh | change default login shell |
| clear | clear terminal screen |
| cmp | compare two files |
| col | filter reverse line feeds |
| colcrt | filter nroff output for CRT previewing |
| colrm | remove columns from a file |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| compact | compress files |
| cp | copy |
| crypt | encode/decode |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax |
| ctags | maintain a tags file for a C program |
| cxref | a simple C routine referencing program |
| date | print and set the date |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs |
| diff | differential file comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| diffdir | diff directories |
| diff, diffh | differential file comparator |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| edit | text editor (variant of ex for casual users) |
| grep, fgrep, egrep | search a file for a pattern |
| xsend, xget, enroll | secret mail |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | typeset mathematics |
| ex | text editor |
| expand | expand tabs to spaces |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| f77 | Fortran 77 compiler |
| true, false | provide truth values |
| grep, egrep, fgrep | search a file for a pattern |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| finger | user information lookup program |
| fmt | simple text formatter |
| fold | fold long lines for finite width output device |
| from | who is my mail from? |
| gets | get a string from standard input |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| head | give first few lines |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| iul | indicate underlining |
| join | relational database operator |
| kill | terminate a process with extreme prejudice |
| last | indicate last logins of users and teletypes |
| lastcomm | show last commands executed in reverse order |
| ld | link editor |
| learn | computer aided instruction about UNIX |
| leave | remind you when you have to leave |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| lisp | lisp interpreter |
| liszt | compile a Franz Lisp program |
| lnall, ln | make links |
| lock | reserve a terminal |
| login | sign on |
| look | find lines in a sorted list |
| refer, lookbib | find and insert literature references in documents |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library |
| lpq | prints the line printer queue |
| lpr | line printer spooler |
| lprm | remove a file from the line printer queue |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m4 | macro processor |
| mail | send and receive mail |
| make | maintain program groups |
| man | run off section of UNIX manual |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mkstr | create an error message file by massaging C source |
| more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
| msgs | system messages and junk mail program |
| mv | move or rename files |
| eqn, checkeq, neqn | typeset mathematics |
| net | execute a command on a remote machine |
| netcp | remote copy of files through the net |
| netlog | print the last few lines of the network log file |
| netlpr | use a remote lineprinter through the net |
| netmail | read mail on a remote machine over the network |
| netq | print contents of network queue |
| netrm | remove a command from the network queue |
| nettroff | troff to the phototypesetter over the network |
| newgrp | log in to a new group |
| nohup, nice | run a command at low priority (sh only) |
| nm | print name list |
| troff, nroff | text formatting and typesetting |
| num | number lines |
| od | octal dump |
| passwd | change login password |
| pi | Pascal interpreter code translator |
| pix | Pascal interpreter and executor |
| pr | print file |
| print | pr to the line printer |
| printenv | print out the environment |
| prmail | print out mail in the post office |
| prof | display profile data |
| ps | process status |
| pti | phototypesetter interpreter |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | working directory name |
| px | Pascal interpreter |
| pxp | Pascal execution profiler |
| pxref | Pascal cross-reference program |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect |
| lookbib, refer | find and insert literature references in documents |
| reset | reset the teletype bits to a sensible state |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rewind | rewind tape drive |
| rmdir, rm | remove (unlink) files |
| rm, rmdir | remove (unlink) files |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| sdb | symbolic debugger |
| sed | stream editor |
| see | see what a file has in it |
| for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait, sh | command language |
| size | size of an object file |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| soelim | eliminate .so’s from nroff input |
| sort | sort or merge files |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| spice | electronic circuit simulation program |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| ssp | limit to single spacing |
| strings | find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits |
| struct | structure Fortran programs |
| stty | set terminal options |
| su | substitute user id temporarily |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| symorder | rearrange name list |
| tabs | set terminal tabs |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file |
| tar | tape archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tc | photypesetter simulator |
| tee | pipe fitting |
| test | condition command |
| time | time a command |
| tk | paginator for the Tektronix 4014 |
| touch | update date last modified of a file |
| tp | manipulate tape archive |
| tr | translate characters |
| tra | copy out a file as it grows |
| trman | translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros |
| nroff, troff | text formatting and typesetting |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| tset | set terminal modes |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get terminal name |
| ul | do underlining |
| uncompact | uncompress files |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| uptime | show how long system has been up |
| users | compact list of users who are on the system |
| vgrind | grind nice listings of C programs for the versatec |
| vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics |
| vpq | prints the line printer queue |
| vpr | Versatec printer/plotter spooler |
| vprint | pr to the Versatec |
| vprm | remove a file from the Versatec queue |
| vtroff | troff to the Versatec |
| w | who is on and what they are doing |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wc | word count |
| whatis | describe what a command is |
| whereis | locate source, binary, and or manual for program |
| which | locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh only) |
| who | who is on the system |
| whoami | print effective current user id |
| write | write to another user |
| xsend, enroll, xget | secret mail |
| xget, enroll, xsend | secret mail |
| xstr | extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| access | determine accessibility of file |
| acct | turn accounting on or off |
| alarm | schedule signal after specified time |
| sbrk, break, brk | change core allocation |
| chdir | change default directory |
| chmod | change mode of file |
| chown | change owner and group of a file |
| close | close a file |
| creat | create a new file |
| dup2, dup | duplicate an open file descriptor |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exece, environ, exec | execute a file |
| exit | terminate process |
| fork | spawn new process |
| getpid | get process identification |
| getgid, geteuid, getegid, getuid | get user and group identity |
| syscall, indir | indirect system call |
| errno, intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| stty, gtty, ioctl | control device |
| kill | send signal to a process |
| link | link to a file |
| tell, lseek | move read/write pointer |
| mknod | make a directory or a special file |
| umount, mount | mount or remove file system |
| mpx | create and manipulate multiplexed files |
| nice | set program priority |
| open | open for reading or writing |
| pause | stop until signal |
| pipe | create an interprocess channel |
| profil | execution time profile |
| ptrace | process trace |
| read | read from file |
| setgid, setuid | set user and group ID |
| signal | catch or ignore signals |
| fstat, stat | get file status |
| stime | set time |
| gtty, stty | set and retrieve terminal modes |
| sync | update super-block |
| ftime, time | get date and time |
| times | get process times |
| umask | set file creation mode mask |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| utime | set file times |
| vfork | spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way |
| vread | read virtually |
| vwrite | write (virtually) to file |
| wait | wait for process to terminate |
| write | write on a file |
| abort | generate a fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| setkey, encrypt, crypt | DES encryption |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, ctype | character classification |
| fcvt, gcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| getenv | value for environment name |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| getpass | read a password |
| getpw | get name from UID |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| intro | introduction to library functions |
| ltol3, l3tol | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers |
| free, realloc, calloc, malloc | main memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, perror | system error messages |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srand, rand | random number generator |
| longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| strcat, strcatn, strcmp, strcmpn, strcpy, strcpyn, strlen, index, rindex, string | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| system | issue a shell command |
| tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, termlib | terminal independent operation routines |
| isatty, ttyslot, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| vfree, valloc | aligned memory allocator |