NAME

hier − file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION

The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy. 

/root

/dev/devices (4)

console
main console, tty(4)

tty∗terminals, tty(4)

catphototypesetter cat(4)

rp∗disks, hp(4)

rrp∗raw disks, hp(4)

...

/bin/utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)

asassembler

ccC compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2

cshC shell

...

/lib/object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/

libc.asystem calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)

libm.amath routines (3M)

...

ccomC compiler proper

cppC preprocessor

c2C code improver

...

/etc/essential data and dangerous maintenance utilities

passwd
password file, passwd(5)

groupgroup file, group(5)

motdmessage of the day, login(1)

termcap
description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)

ttytype
table of what kind of terminal is on each port, ttytype(5)

mtabmounted file table, mtab(5)

ddatedump history, dump(1)

ttysproperties of terminals, ttys(5)

getty.vm
part of login, getty.vm(8)

init.vm
the father of all processes, init.vm(8)

rcshell program to bring the system up

cronthe clock daemon, cron(8)

mountmount(1)

wallwall(1)

...

/tmp/temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/

e∗used by ed(1)

ctm∗used by cc(1)

...

/usr/general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system

adm/administrative information

wtmplogin history, utmp(5)

messages
hardware error messages

tracctphototypesetter accounting, troff(1)

lpacctline printer accounting lpr(1)

vpacctversatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1), vpac(1)

/usr/bin

utility programs, to keep /bin/ small

tmp/temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small

stm∗used by sort(1)

rasterused by plot(1)

dict/word lists, etc. 

wordsprincipal word list, used by look(1)

spellhist
history file for spell(1)

games/

hangman

quiz.k/
what quiz(6) knows

indexcategory index

africacountries and capitals

...

...

include/
standard #include files

a.out.h
object file layout, a.out(5)

stdio.hstandard I/O, stdio(3)

math.h
(3M)

...

sys/system-defined layouts, cf /usr/sys/h

lib/object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small

lint[12]
subprocesses for lint(1)

llib-lcdummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by lint(1)

llib-lmdummy declarations for /lib/libc.m

atrunscheduler for at(1)

struct/
passes of struct(1)

...

tmac/macros for troff(1)

tmac.an
macros for man(7)

tmac.smacros for ms(7)

...

font/fonts for troff(1)

ftRTimes Roman

ftBTimes Bold

...

uucp/programs and data for uucp(1)

L.sysremote system names and numbers

uucicothe real copy program

...

unitsconversion tables for units(1)

eignlist of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)

/usr/man/

volume 1 of this manual, man(1)

man0/general

introintroduction to volume 1, ms(7) format

xxtemplate for manual page

man1/chapter 1

as.1

mount.1m

...

...

msgs/messages, cf msgs(1)

bounds
highest and lowest message

new/binaries of new versions of programs

preserve/
editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups

public/
binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone

spool/delayed execution files

at/used by at(1)

lpd/used by lpr(1)

lockpresent when line printer is active

cf∗copy of file to be printed, if necessary

df∗daemon control file, lpd(8)

tf∗transient control file, while lpr is working

uucp/work files and staging area for uucp(1)

LOGFILE
summary log

LOG.∗log file for one transaction

mail/mailboxes for mail(1)

uid mail file for user uid

uid.lock
lock file while uid is receiving mail

secretmail/
like mail/

uucp/work files and staging area for uucp(1)

LOGFILE
summary log

LOG.∗log file for one transaction

wd initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the user’s login name

.profile
set environment for sh(1), environ(5)

.project
what you are doing finger(1)

.cshrc startup file for csh(1)

.exrc startup file for ex(1)

.plan what you short-term plans are finger(1)

.netrc startup file for net(1)

.msgsrc
startup file for msgs(1)

.mailrc
startup file for mail(1)

calendar
user’s datebook for calendar(1)

doc/papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in ms(7) format

as/assembler manual

cC manual

...

/usr/src/

source programs for utilities, etc. 

cmd/source of commands

as/assembler

ar.csource for ar(1)

...

troff/source for nroff and troff(1)

font/source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/

ftR.cRoman

...

term/terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/

tab300.c
DASI 300

...

...

games/
source for /usr/games

junk/source for junk (soon to be deleted)

libc/source for functions in /lib/libc.a

crt/C runtime support

csu/startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program

crt0.sregular startup

mcrt0.s
modified startup for cc −p

sys/system calls (2)

access.s

alarm.s

...

stdio/standard I/O functions (3S)

fgets.c

fopen.c

...

gen/other functions in (3)

abs.c

...

local/source which isn’t normally distributed

new/source for new versions of commands and library routines

old/source for old versions of commands and library routines

sys/system source

h/header (include) files

acct.hacct(5)

stat.hstat(2)

...

sys/system source proper

main.c

pipe.c

sysent.c
system entry points

undoc/
source for programs which have no documentation

ucb/binaries of programs developed at UCB

...

editeditor for beginners

excommand editor for experienced users

...

mailmail reading/sending subsystem

manon line documentation

...

piPascal translator

pxPascal interpreter

...

vivisual editor

SEE ALSO

ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which (1), ncheck(1), find(1), grep(1)

BUGS

The position of files is subject to change without notice. 

3rd Berkeley Distribution  —  11/16/79