RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) NAME restore - incremental file system restore SYNOPSIS /etc/restore key [ argument...] [ filename...] DESCRIPTION The restore program reads tapes dumped with the dump(8) command; its actions are controlled by the key argument. The key is a string of characters containing (at most) one function letter and possibly (one or more) function modifiers. Other arguments to the command are file or directory names specifying the files that are to be restored. Unless the h key is specified (described later), the appearance of a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory. OPTIONS The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following letters: r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory; this should not be done lightly; the r key should only be used to restore a complete dump(8) tape onto a clear file system or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full level zero restore. Thus /etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle /etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt cd /mnt /etc/restore rf /dev/rmt1 is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump. Another restore can be done to get an incremental dump in on top of this. Note that restore leaves the file restoresymtable in the root directory to pass information between incremental restore passes. This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been restored. A dump(8) followed by a newfs(8) and a restore is used to change the size of a file system. R The restore program requests a particular volume of a multi-volume set on which to restart a full restore (see the r key above); this allows restore to be interrupted and then restarted. x The named files are extracted from the tape. If the named file matches a directory whose contents had been written onto the tape, and the h key is not specified, the directory is recursively extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible). If no file argument is given, then the root directory is Printed 4/6/89 1
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) extracted, which results in the entire content of the tape being extracted, unless the h key has been specified. t The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the tape. If no file argument is given, then the root directory is listed, which results in the entire contents of the tape being listed, unless the h key has been specified. Note that the t key replaces the function of the old dumpdir program. i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape. After reading in the directory information from the tape, restore provides a shell-like interface that allows the user to move around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available commands are given below; for those commands that require an argument, the default is the current directory. ls [arg] List the current or specified directory. Entries that are directories are appended with a /. Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a *. If the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is also listed. Do NOT try to list files with this command. cd [arg] Change the current working directory to the specified argument. pwd Print the full path name of the current working directory. add [arg] The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are added to the extraction list (unless the h key is specified on the command line). Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a * when they are listed by ls(1). delete [arg] The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are deleted from the extraction list (unless the h key is specified on the command line). The most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete those files that are not needed. extract All the files that are on the extraction list are Printed 4/6/89 2
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) extracted from the dump tape; restore will then ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. verbose The sense of the v key is toggled. When set, the verbose key causes the ls command to list the inode numbers of all entries; it also causes restore to print out information about each file as it is extracted. help List a summary of the available commands. quit The restore program immediately exits, even if the extraction list is not empty. The following characters may be used in addition to the letter that selects the function desired. b The next argument to restore indicates buffer size for reading dump media. The argument is interpreted as number of 1K bytes, and it is intended as a means of speeding up media reads. Specifying the S option for cartridge streaming tape causes the buffer size to be set to 128 for a buffer size of 128K. Specifying the F option for flexible disk causes the buffer size to be set to 15 for a buffer size of 15K. The default is 10K. The number specified should agree with that used by dump(8) to produce the media. F This indicates flexible disks are being used (default is cartridge streaming tape). S This indicates that cartridge streaming tape is being used. v Normally restore does its work silently. The v (verbose) key causes restore to type the name of each file it treats, preceded by its file type. f The next argument to restore is the path name of the device to use instead of the default. The path name can specify a flexible disk, a cartridge tape, a 9-track tape, or a disk file, and the location of the device can be local or remote. If the name of the file is ``-'', restore reads from standard input. Thus, dump(8) and restore can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system with the command Printed 4/6/89 3
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) /etc/dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; /etc/restore xf -) y The restore program will not ask whether it should abort the restore if it gets a tape error; it will always try to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it can. m The restore program will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name. (This option is useful if only a few files are being extracted, and you want to avoid regenerating the complete path name to the file.) h The restore program extracts the actual directory, rather than the files that it references; this prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees from the tape. EXAMPLES cd /fs (where fs is the file system to which you are restoring, e.g., /ab) /etc/restore i (use restore interactively from the cartridge streaming tape on /dev/tc) /etc/restore tF (this will show all files involved in this flexible disk dump; the information will be extracted from the volume) /etc/restore t ./joe (will show all files in subtree joe, where joe is a child of the dumped file system /cd/joe). /etc/restore t joe (same function as above) /etc/restore xF ./joe/thisdir (will restore thisdir and everything dumped below thisdirfromtheflexibledisk. This may not be all of thisdir, since dump(8) only grabs files that have changed.) Note that syntax is relative to the current directory. For example, if restore is preceded by cd /ab, then ./joe, ./joe/thisdir, etc., will be created as subtrees of /ab. FILES /dev/tc the default tape drive (cartridge streamer) /tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape Printed 4/6/89 4
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) /tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for directories ./restoresymtable symtab information passed between incremental restores DIAGNOSTICS The restore program complains about bad key characters and complains if it gets a read error. If y has been specified, or the user responds y , restore attempts to continue the restore. If the dump(8) extends over more than one volume, restore will ask the user to change tapes. If the x or i key has been specified, restore also asks which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by restore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''. Common errors are given here. Converting to new file system format. A dump(8) tape created from the old file system has been loaded; it is automatically converted to the new file system format. <filename>: not found on tape The specified file name was listed in the tape directory, but was not found on the tape; this is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file, and from using a dump(8) tape created on an active file system. expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber> A file that was not listed in the directory showed up; this can occur when using a dump(8) tape created on an active file system. Incremental tape too low When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape, or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded. Incremental tape too high When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded. Printed 4/6/89 5
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) Tape read error while restoring <filename> Tape read error while skipping over inode < inumber > Tape read error while trying to resynchronize A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is specified, then its contents are probably partially wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have been corrupted, though files may not be found on the tape. resync restore, skipped <num> blocks After a tape read error, restore may have to resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over. This message will be displayed if the buffer size set by -b is not correct for the tape. RETURN VALUE [USAGE] Incorrect command line syntax. Execution terminated. [NP_ERR] An error occurred that was not a system error. Execution terminated. This is the return code used when restore has found that one or more files it was about to restore already exist (the files are left alone). In this case, the system error variable, errno, will contain EEXIST (17). [P_ERR] A system error occurred. Execution terminated. See intro(2) for more information on system errors. [NP_WARN] An error warranting a warning message occurred. Execution continues. Return values greater than 124 indicate a fatal condition from which restore aborted. CAVEATS The restore program can get confused when doing incremental restores from dump(8) tapes that were made on active file systems. A level zero dump(8) must be done after a full restore. Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode allocation; thus a full restore must be done to get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the contents of the files are unchanged. SEE ALSO rrestore(8n), dump(8), rdump(8n), mkfs(8), mount(8), and Printed 4/6/89 6
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8) newfs(8). Printed 4/6/89 7
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