DUMP(8) COMMAND REFERENCE DUMP(8) NAME dump - generalized dump utility SYNOPSIS /etc/dump key [ argument ... ] filesystem DESCRIPTION If a file system is specified, dump copies to specified media all files changed after a certain date in that filesystem. The key specifies the date and other options about the dump; key consists of characters from the set 0123456789bfusdWnFS. OPTIONS 0-9 This number is the `dump level'. All files modified since the last date stored in the file /etc/dumpdates for the same file system at lesser levels will be dumped. If no date is determined by the level, the beginning of time is assumed; thus the option 0 dumps the entire file system. Levels 1-9 provide for incremental dumps. For example, if a file system is dumped with level 4 on Tuesday and level 5 on Wednesday, then Wednesday's dump contains those files on that file system which changed after the Tuesday dump. b Use alternate buffer size; the number must follow key specifications and will be interpreted as number of 1K blocks (the default is 10K). The purpose of this option is to speed dumps to certain media; if the S option is specified, this is automatically set to 128 (i.e., 128k). This option should not be used with flexible disk media. f Place the dump on the next argument file or device instead of the default media. Target media can be 9 track tape, cartridge tape or flexible disk. The device can be local or remote (LAN access), where remote is indicated by a "node:" prefix to the path name. If the device is remote it must be owned by daemon, as root privileges do not extend across the LAN. u This is necessary for incremental dumps. If the dump completes successfully, write the date of the beginning of the dump on file /etc/dumpdates. This file records a separate date for each file system and each dump level. The format of /etc/dumpdates is readable by people, consisting of one free format record per line: file system name, increment level, and ctime(3c) format dump date. The file /etc/dumpdates may be edited to change any of the fields, if necessary. s The size of the dump media is specified by the next Printed 4/6/89 1
DUMP(8) COMMAND REFERENCE DUMP(8) argument. When the specified size is reached, dump will wait for media to be changed. The default size is 2000 feet for 9 track tapes, 360K for flexible disk, and 450 feet for cartridge tape. d The density of the tape, expressed in BPI, is taken from the next argument; this is used in calculating the amount of tape used per volume. The default is 1600 for 9 track tape and 8000 for cartridge tape. W The dump program tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped. This information is gleaned from the files /etc/dumpdates and /etc/fstab. The W option causes dump to print out, for each file system in /etc/dumpdates the most recent dump date and level, and highlights those file systems that should be dumped. If the W option is set, all other options and parameters are ignored, and dump exits immediately. w Is like option W, but w prints only those file systems which need to be dumped. F Specifies flexible disk backup media (9-track tape is default). S Specifies streaming cartridge tape backup media (9-track tape is default). n Whenever dump requires operator attention, notify by means similar to a wall(1) all of the operators in the group "operator". The dump program requires operator intervention on these conditions: end of media, end of dump, media write error, media open error or disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32). In addition to alerting all operators implied by the key, dump interacts with the operator on dump's control terminal at times when dump can no longer proceed, or if something is grossly wrong. All questions dump poses must be answered by typing yes or no, appropriately. Since making a full dump involves a lot of time and effort, dump checkpoints itself at the start of each media volume. If writing that volume fails for some reason, dump will, with operator permission, restart itself from the checkpoint after the old tape has been rewound and removed, and a new tape has been mounted. Printed 4/6/89 2
DUMP(8) COMMAND REFERENCE DUMP(8) The dump program tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals, including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write, the number of volumes it will take, the time to completion, and the time to the volume change. The output is verbose, so that others know that the terminal controlling dump is busy, and will be for some time. EXAMPLES /etc/dump 0fu /dev/tc /dev/ds00a (dump entire file system /dev/ds00a to local device) /etc/rdump 0fu nodename:/dev/rmt1 /dev/ds00a (dump entire file system to remote device /dev/rmt1 on host nodename) /etc/dump 0fFu /dev/rdf /dev/ds00a (dump entire file system to local flexible disk) /etc/dump 0fbu /dev/rmt 60 /dev/ds00a (dump entire file system to local 9 track tape with buffering of 60K) /etc/dump w (ask dump to list file systems that need to be dumped) FILES /dev/ds00a default file system /dev/tc default target device (cartridge tape) /etc/dumpdates new format dump date record /etc/fstab dump table: file systems and frequency /etc/group to find group operator SEE ALSO fstab(5), restore(8), rrestore(8n), and rdump(8n). Printed 4/6/89 3
%%index%% na:240,83; sy:323,269; de:592,542; op:1134,2910;4356,3063;7731,468; ex:8199,905; fi:9104,488; se:9592,210; %%index%%000000000140