| adb | debugger |
| admin | create and administer SCCS files |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| as | assembler |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| bas | basic |
| basename | strip filename affixes |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| bdiff | big diff |
| mail, binmail | send or receive mail among users |
| cal | print calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | catenate and print |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| pcc, cc | C compiler |
| cd | change working directory |
| cdc | change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta |
| chfn | change finger entry |
| chghist change the history entry of an SCCS delta, chghist | |
| chmod | change mode |
| chog | change owner and group |
| chgrp, chown | change owner or group |
| chroot | change root directory |
| chsh | change default login shell |
| cmp | compare two files |
| col | filter reverse line feeds |
| comb | combine SCCS deltas |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| cp | copy |
| cpio | copy file archives in and out |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax |
| ctags | create a tags file |
| cut | cut out selected fields of each line of a file |
| date | print and set the date |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| delta | make a delta (change) to an SCCS file |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs |
| diff | differential file comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| ed, ed_v7 | text editor |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | typeset mathematics |
| edit, ex | text editor |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| f77 | Fortran 77 compiler |
| primes, factor | factor a number, generate large primes |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| finger | user information lookup program |
| from | who is my mail from? |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| help | ask for help |
| hostname | set or print name of current host system |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| join | relational database operator |
| kill | terminate a process with extreme prejudice |
| ld | loader |
| learn | computer aided instruction about UNIX |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| ln | make a link |
| login | sign on |
| look | find lines in a sorted list |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library |
| lpq | show lineprinter queue |
| lpr | line printer spooler |
| lprm | delete jobs from the lineprinter queue |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m11 | Macro-11 assembler for UNIX |
| m4 | macro processor |
| mail | send and receive mail |
| make | maintain program groups |
| man | print sections of this manual |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mkstr | create an error message file by massaging C source |
| page, more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
| mv | move or rename files and directories |
| newgrp | log in to a new group |
| nohup, nice | run a command at low priority |
| nm | print name list |
| od | octal dump |
| passwd | change login password |
| paste | merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file |
| pr | print file |
| prep | prepare text for statistical processing |
| printenv | print out the environment |
| prof | display profile data |
| prs | print an SCCS file |
| ps | process status |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | working directory name |
| ranlib | convert archives to random libraries |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect |
| lookbib, refer | find and insert literature references in documents |
| renice | oppress running processes |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rmdir, rm | remove (unlink) files |
| rmdel | remove a delta from an SCCS file |
| roff | format text |
| sact | print current SCCS file editing activity |
| sccsdiff | compare two versions of an SCCS file |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| sed | stream editor |
| for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait, sh | command language |
| size | size of an object file |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| sort | sort or merge files |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| strings | find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits |
| struct | structure Fortran programs |
| stty | set terminal options |
| su | substitute user id temporarily |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| tabs | set terminal tabs |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file |
| tar | tape archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tc | phototypesetter simulator |
| ted | interactive /etc/ttys file editor |
| tee | pipe fitting |
| test | condition command |
| time | time a command |
| tk | paginator for the Tektronix 4014 |
| touch | update date last modified of a file |
| tp | manipulate tape archive |
| tr | translate characters |
| nroff, troff | text formatting and typesetting |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| reset, tset | set terminal modes |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get terminal name |
| ul | do underlining |
| unget | undo a previous get of an SCCS file |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| usat | ULTRIX-11 System Acceptance Test |
| users | compact list of users who are on the system |
| val | validate SCCS file |
| vc | version control |
| vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wc | word count |
| what | identify SCCS files |
| who | who is on the system |
| whoami | print effective current user id |
| write | write to another user |
| xstr | extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| ac | login accounting |
| arcv | convert archives to new format |
| bufstat | print I/O buffer usage |
| ccd, cda | crash dump analysis |
| clri | clear i-node |
| msf, csf | simplify special file creation |
| dcheck | file system directory consistency check |
| dcopy | copy file systems for optimal access time |
| df | disk free |
| dump | incremental file system dump |
| dumpdir | print the names of files on a dump tape |
| fpsim | report or change the status of floating point simulation |
| fsck | file system consistency check and interactive repair |
| fsdb | file system debugger |
| icheck | file system storage consistency check |
| iostat | report I/O statistics |
| ipatch | print/modify contents of an inode |
| logins | enable user logins nologins − disable user logins |
| lpset | set line printer parameters |
| memstat | print memory usage map |
| mkconf | generate configuration tables |
| mkfs | construct a file system |
| mknod | build special file |
| umount, mount | mount and dismount file system |
| ncheck | generate names from i-numbers |
| osload | load optional software on Micro/PDP-11 |
| pstat | print system facts |
| quot | summarize file system ownership |
| rasize | report on MSCP disk partition sizes |
| restor | incremental file system restore |
| rx2fmt | format RX02 floppy diskettes |
| accton, sa | system accounting |
| sync | update the super block |
| sysgen | ULTRIX-11 system generation |
| tss | list TTY structure assignments |
| labelit, volcopy | copy file systems with label checking |
| wall | write to all users |
| zaptty | run a program without a controlling terminal. |
| access | determine accessibility of file |
| acct | turn accounting on or off |
| alarm | schedule signal after specified time |
| sbrk, break, brk | change core allocation |
| chroot, chdir | change default directory |
| chmod | change mode of file |
| chown | change owner and group of a file |
| close | close a file |
| creat | create a new file |
| dup2, dup | duplicate an open file descriptor |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exece, environ, exec | execute a file |
| exit | terminate process |
| fork | spawn new process |
| fperr | get floating point error status |
| fpsim | report or change the status of floating point simulation |
| getppid, getpid | get process identification |
| getgid, geteuid, getegid, getuid | get user and group identity |
| shostname, ghostname | get/set name of current host |
| indir | indirect system call |
| errno, intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| stty, gtty, ioctl | control device |
| kill | send signal to a process |
| link | link to a file |
| lock | lock a process in primary memory |
| tell, lseek | move read/write pointer |
| mknod | make a directory or a special file |
| umount, mount | mount or remove file system |
| nice | set program priority |
| nostk | allow process to manage its own stack |
| open | open for reading or writing |
| pause | stop until signal |
| phys | allow a process to access physical addresses |
| pipe | create an interprocess channel |
| profil | execution time profile |
| ptrace | process trace |
| read | read from file |
| renice | set program priority |
| setgid, setuid | set user and group ID |
| signal | catch or ignore signals |
| fstat, stat | get file status |
| stime | set time |
| sync | update super-block |
| ftime, time | get date and time |
| times | get process times |
| umask | set file creation mode mask |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| utime | set file times |
| wait | wait for process to terminate |
| write | write on a file |
| zaptty | zap the controlling tty |
| abort | generate IOT fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| encrypt, crypt | a one way hashing encryption algorithm |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, ctype | character classification |
| curses | screen functions with "optimal" cursor motion |
| fcvt, gcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| getenv | value for environment name |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| getpass | read a password |
| getpw | get name from UID |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| intro | introduction to library functions |
| ltol3, l3tol | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers |
| free, realloc, calloc, malloc | main memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, perror | system error messages |
| pkclose, pkread, pkwrite, pkfail, pkopen | packet driver simulator |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srand, rand | random number generator |
| longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex, string | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| system | issue a shell command |
| tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, termlib | terminal independent operation routines |
| isatty, ttyslot, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| fflush, fclose | close or flush a stream |
| feof, clearerr, fileno, ferror | stream status inquiries |
| freopen, fdopen, fopen | open a stream |
| fwrite, fread | buffered binary input/output |
| ftell, rewind, fseek | reposition a stream |
| getchar, fgetc, getw, getc | get character or word from stream |
| fgets, gets | get a string from a stream |
| pclose, popen | initiate I/O to/from a process |
| fprintf, sprintf, printf | formatted output conversion |
| putchar, fputc, putw, putc | put character or word on a stream |
| fputs, puts | put a string on a stream |
| fscanf, sscanf, scanf | formatted input conversion |
| setbuf | assign buffering to a stream |
| stdio | standard buffered input/output package |
| ungetc | push character back into input stream |
| cat | phototypesetter interface |
| dz, dh | DH11/DHU11/DHV11 and DZ11/DZV11/DZQ11 asynchronous multiplexers dhdm − DM11-BB (modem controller for DH11) |
| dn | DN-11 ACU interface |
| dp, du | DU-11 201 data-phone interface |
| dh, dz | DH11/DHU11/DHV11 and DZ11/DZV11/DZQ11 asynchronous multiplexers dhdm − DM11-BB (modem controller for DH11) |
| hk | RK611/RK06, RK07 moving-head disk |
| hp, hm | First RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller hm − Second RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller hj − Third RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller |
| hp | First RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller hm − Second RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller hj − Third RH11/RH70 massbus disk controller |
| hs | RH11/RH70 - RS03, RS04 fixed-head disk |
| ht | RH11/RH70 - TM02/3 magtape controller |
| hx | RX211/RX02 floppy disk |
| lp | line printer |
| kmem, mem | core memory |
| ml | RH11/RH70 - ML11 solid state disk |
| newtty | summary of the ’new’ tty driver |
| null | data sink |
| tty, oldtty | general terminal interface |
| pk | packet driver |
| ra | UDA50/RA60, RA80, RA81 winchester disks rd/rx − RQDX1/RD51/RD52 winchester disk and RX50 floppy disk rc − KLESI/RC25 winchester disk |
| rk | RK11/RK03 or RK05 disk |
| rl | RL11/RL01 or RL02 disk |
| rp | RP11/RP02 or RP03 moving-head disk |
| tc | TC11/TU56 DECtape |
| tm | TM11 - TU10/TE10/TS03 800 BPI magtape interface |
| ts | TS11/TSV05/TU80/TK25 1600 BPI magtape interface |
| tty | general terminal interface |