NAME

cc, pcc − C compiler

SYNOPSIS

cc [ option ] ... file ... 

pcc [ option ] ... file ... 

DESCRIPTION

Cc is the UNIX C compiler.  It accepts several types of arguments:

Arguments whose names end with ’.c’ are taken to be C source programs; they are compiled, and each object program is left on the file whose name is that of the source with ’.o’ substituted for ’.c’.  The ’.o’ file is normally deleted, however, if a single C program is compiled and loaded all at one go. 

In the same way, arguments whose names end with ’.s’ are taken to be assembly source programs and are assembled, producing a ’.o’ file. 

The following options are interpreted by cc. See ld(1) for load-time options.

−c Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and force an object file to be produced even if only one program is compiled. 

−p Arrange for the compiler to produce code which counts the number of times each routine is called; also, if loading takes place, replace the standard startup routine by one which automatically calls monitor(3) at the start and arranges to write out a mon.out file at normal termination of execution of the object program.  An execution profile can then be generated by use of prof(1).

−f In systems without hardware floating-point, use a version of the C compiler which handles floating-point constants and loads the object program with the floating-point interpreter.  Do not use if the hardware is present. 

−O Invoke an object-code optimizer. 

−S Compile the named C programs, and leave the assembler-language output on corresponding files suffixed ’.s’. 

−P Run only the macro preprocessor and place the result for each ’.c’ file in a corresponding ’.i’ file and has no ’#’ lines in it. 

−E Run only the macro preprocessor and send the result to the standard output.  The output is intended for compiler debugging; it is unacceptable as input to cc.

−V Create code suitable for use in overlaid programs.  This is now a default flag. 

−V7 Turn of the −V flag.  This is provided only for backwards compatibility with older versions of cc, and in general should not be used. 

−N Place switch tables into text space.  This is useful for 430 type programs, since the switch tables then go into the overlay with the module, saving valuable data space.  This option must NOT be used for separate instruction and data space programs! 

−o output
Name the final output file output. If this option is used the file ’a.out’ will be left undisturbed.

−Dname=def

−Dname Define the name to the preprocessor, as if by ´#define’.  If no definition is given, the name is defined as 1. 

−Uname Remove any initial definition of name.

−Idir ´#include’ files whose names do not begin with ’/’ are always sought first in the directory of the file argument, then in directories named in −I options, then in directories on a standard list. 

−Bstring Find substitute compiler passes in the files named string with the suffixes cpp, c0, c1 and c2.  If string is empty, use a standard backup version. 

−t[p012]
Find only the designated compiler passes in the files whose names are constructed by a −B option.  In the absence of a −B option, the string is taken to be ’/usr/src/cmd/c/’. 

Other arguments are taken to be either loader option arguments, or C-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier cc run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines.  These programs, together with the results of any compilations specified, are loaded (in the order given) to produce an executable program with name a.out. 

The major purpose of the ’portable C compiler’, pcc, is to serve as a model on which to base other compilers.  Pcc does not support options −f, −E, −B, and −t.  It provides, in addition to the language of cc, unsigned char type data and initialized bit fields. 

FILES

file.cinput file
file.oobject file
a.outloaded output
/tmp/ctm?temporaries for cc
/lib/cpppreprocessor
/lib/c[01]compiler for cc
/usr/c/oc[012]backup compiler for cc
/usr/c/ocppbackup preprocessor
/lib/fc[01]floating-point compiler
/lib/c2optional optimizer
/lib/crt0.oruntime startoff
/lib/mcrt0.ostartoff for profiling
/lib/fcrt0.ostartoff for floating-point interpretation
/lib/libc.astandard library, see intro(3)
/usr/includestandard directory for ’#include’ files
/tmp/pc*temporaries for pcc
/usr/lib/ccomcompiler for pcc

SEE ALSO

B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice-Hall, 1978
D. M. Ritchie, C Reference Manual
monitor(3), prof(1), adb(1), ld(1)

DIAGNOSTICS

The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be self-explanatory.  Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or loader.  Of these, the most mystifying are from the assembler, as(1), in particular ’m’, which means a multiply-defined external symbol (function or data).

RESTRICTIONS

Pcc is little tried on the PDP11; specialized code generated for that machine has not been well shaken down.  The −O optimizer was designed to work with cc; its use with pcc is suspect.