| 4.2talk | talk to another user (4.2BSD) |
| a.tags | create a tags file for Ada sources |
| a.vi | vi with extensions for Ada source files |
| addbib | create or extend bibliographic database |
| apply | apply a command to a set of arguments |
| apropos | locate commands by keyword lookup |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| as | Sequent assembler |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| basename | strip filename affixes |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| biff | be notified if mail arrives and who it is from |
| binmail | send or receive mail among users |
| atob, tarmail, untarmail, btoa | encode/decode binary to printable ASCII |
| cal | print calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | catenate and print |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| cc | C compiler |
| cd | change working directory |
| checknr | check nroff/troff files |
| chfn | change finger entry |
| chgrp | change group |
| chmod | change mode |
| chsh | change default login shell |
| ci | check in RCS revisions |
| clear | clear terminal screen |
| cmp | compare two files |
| co | check out RCS revisions |
| col | filter reverse line feeds |
| colcrt | filter nroff output for CRT previewing |
| colrm | remove columns from a file |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| uncompact, ccat, compact | compress and uncompress files, and cat them |
| uncompress, zcat, compress | compress and expand data |
| uncompressdir, compressdir | compress and uncompress directories of files |
| cp | copy |
| cpp | the C language preprocessor |
| crypt | encode/decode |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax |
| ctags | create a tags file |
| date | print and set the date |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| ddt | interactive symbolic debugger (Balance only) |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs |
| df | report free disk space on file systems |
| explain, diction | print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction |
| diff | differential file and directory comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| disas | disassemble binary files |
| domainname | set or display name of current domain system |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | typeset mathematics |
| error | analyze and disperse compiler error messages |
| edit, ex | text editor |
| unexpand, expand | expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa |
| diction, explain | print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| eyacc | modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery |
| true, false | provide truth values |
| fed | font editor |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| finger | user information lookup program |
| fmt | simple text formatter |
| fold | fold long lines for finite width output device |
| fpr | print Fortran file |
| from | who is my mail from? |
| fsplit | split a multi-routine Fortran file into individual files |
| gcore | get core images of running processes |
| gprof | display call graph profile data |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| groups | show group memberships |
| head | give first few lines |
| host | remote virtual terminal/fileserver for standalone program development |
| hostid | set or print identifier of current host system |
| hostname | set or print name of current host system |
| id | file identification program |
| ident | identify files |
| indent | indent and format C program source |
| install | install binaries |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| iostat | report I/O statistics |
| join | join files on fields |
| kill | terminate a process |
| rksh, ksh | KornShell, a standard/restricted command and programming language |
| last | indicate last logins of users and teletypes |
| lastcomm | show last commands executed in reverse order |
| ld | link editor |
| learn | computer aided instruction about UNIX |
| leave | remind you when you have to leave |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| lisp | lisp interpreter |
| ln | make links |
| lock | reserve a terminal |
| login | sign on |
| look | find lines in a sorted list |
| indxbib, lookbib | build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library |
| lpq | spool queue examination program |
| lpr | off line print |
| lprm | remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m4 | macro processor |
| machid: ns32000, i386, pdp11, u3b, u3b2, u3b5, vax, machid | get processor type truth value |
| mail | send and receive mail |
| mailbug | submit a bug report or enhancement request |
| make | maintain program groups |
| man | find manual information by keywords; print out the manual |
| merge | three-way file merge |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mkstr | create an error message file by massaging C source |
| page, more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
| msgs | system messages program |
| mt | magnetic tape manipulating program |
| mv | move or rename files |
| netstat | show network status |
| newaliases | rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file |
| nohup, nice | run a command at low priority (sh only) |
| nm | print name list |
| nroff | text formatting |
| nslookup | query name servers interactively |
| od | octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump |
| pagesize | print system page size |
| passwd | change login password |
| pc | Pascal compiler |
| dbx, pdbx | parallel debugger |
| pmerge | pascal file merger |
| pr | print file |
| print | pr to the line printer |
| printenv | print out the environment |
| prmail | print out mail in the post office |
| prof | display profile data |
| ps | process status |
| pti | phototypesetter interpreter |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | working directory name |
| pxp | Pascal execution profiler |
| quota | display disk usage and limits |
| ranlib | convert archives to random libraries |
| rcs | change RCS file attributes |
| rcsdiff | compare RCS revisions |
| rcsintro | introduction to RCS commands |
| rcsmerge | merge RCS revisions |
| refer | find and insert literature references in documents |
| reset | reset the teletype bits to a sensible state |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rlog | print log messages and other information about RCS files |
| rmdir, rm | remove (unlink) files or directories |
| rmail | handle remote mail received via uucp |
| rm, rmdir | remove (unlink) directories or files |
| roffbib | run off bibliographic database |
| rwall | write to all users over a network |
| sccs | front end for the SCCS subsystem |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| sed | stream editor |
| for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, [, times, trap, umask, wait, sh | command language |
| size | size of an object file |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| soelim | eliminate .so’s from nroff input |
| sort | sort or merge files |
| sortbib | sort bibliographic database |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| strings | find the printable strings in an object (or other binary) file |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits |
| struct | structure Fortran programs |
| stty | set terminal options |
| style | analyze surface characteristics of a document |
| su | substitute user id temporarily |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| symorder | rearrange name list |
| sysline | display system status on status line of a terminal |
| tabs | set terminal tabs |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file |
| talk | talk to another user |
| tar | tape archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tc | photoypesetter simulator |
| tee | pipe fitting |
| test | condition command |
| ptime, time | time a command |
| tk | paginator for the Tektronix 4014 |
| touch | update date last modified of a file |
| tp | manipulate tape archive |
| tr | translate characters |
| trman | translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros |
| nroff, troff | text formatting and typesetting |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| tset | terminal dependent initialization |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get terminal name |
| ul | do underlining |
| unifdef | remove ifdef’ed lines |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| att, ucb, universe | universe manipulations |
| uptime | show how long system has been up |
| users | compact list of users who are on the system |
| vfontinfo | inspect and print out information about UNIX fonts |
| vgrind | grind nice listings of programs |
| view, vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics |
| vprm, vpq, vprint, vpr | raster printer/plotter spooler |
| vtroff | troff to a raster plotter |
| vwidth | make troff width table for a font |
| w | who is on and what they are doing |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wall | write to all users |
| wc | word count |
| what | show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file |
| whatis | describe what a command is |
| whereis | locate source, binary, and or manual for program |
| which | locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh only) |
| who | who is on the system |
| whoami | print effective current user id |
| write | write to another user |
| xargs | construct argument list(s) and execute command |
| xget, enroll, xsend | secret mail |
| xstr | extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| yes | be repetitively affirmative |
| zdiff, zcmp | compare compressed files |
| zmore | file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text |
| accept | accept a connection on a socket |
| access | determine accessibility of file |
| acct | turn accounting on or off |
| bind | bind a name to a socket |
| sbrk, brk | change data segment size |
| chdir | change current working directory |
| fchmod, chmod | change mode of file |
| fchown, chown | change owner and group of a file |
| chroot | change root directory |
| close | delete a descriptor |
| connect | initiate a connection on a socket |
| creat | create a new file |
| csymlink | make conditional symbolic link to a file |
| dup2, dup | duplicate a descriptor |
| execve | execute a file |
| _exit, exit | terminate a process |
| fcntl | file control |
| flock | apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file |
| fork | create a new process |
| fsync | synchronize a file’s in-core state with that on disk |
| getdirentries | gets directory entries in a filesystem independent format |
| setdomainname, getdomainname | get/set name of current domain |
| getdtablemax | get maximum in-use descriptor table index |
| getdtablesize | get descriptor table size |
| getegid, getgid | get group identity |
| getgroups | get group access list |
| sethostid, gethostid | get/set unique identifier of current host |
| sethostname, gethostname | get/set name of current host |
| setitimer, getitimer | get/set value of interval timer |
| getpagesize | get system page size |
| getpeername | get name of connected peer |
| getpgrp | get process group |
| getppid, getpid | get process identification |
| setpriority, getpriority | get/set program scheduling priority |
| setrlimit, getrlimit | control maximum system resource consumption |
| getrusage | get information about resource utilization |
| getsockname | get socket name |
| setsockopt, getsockopt | get and set options on sockets |
| settimeofday, gettimeofday | get/set date and time |
| geteuid, getuid | get user identity |
| intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| ioctl | control device |
| kill | send signal to a process |
| killpg | send signal to a process group |
| link | make a hard link to a file |
| listen | listen for connections on a socket |
| lseek | move read/write pointer |
| mkdir | make a directory file |
| mknod | make a special file |
| mmap | map an open file into the process’s address space |
| mount | mount file system |
| msgctl | message control operations |
| msgget | get message queue |
| msgsnd, msgrcv, msgop | message operations |
| munmap | unmap part of the process’s address space |
| open | open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file |
| pipe | create an interprocess communication channel |
| proc_ctl | control over various process attributes |
| profil | execution time profile |
| ptrace | process trace |
| quotactl | manipulate disk quotas |
| readv, read | read input |
| readclink | read value of a conditional symbolic link |
| readlink | read value of a symbolic link |
| reboot | reboot system or halt processor |
| recvfrom, recvmsg, recv | receive a message from a socket |
| rename | change the name of a file |
| rmdir | remove a directory file |
| select | synchronous i/o multiplexing |
| semctl | semaphore control operations |
| semget | get set of semaphores |
| semop | semaphore operations |
| sendto, sendmsg, send | send a message from a socket |
| setdtablesize | set descriptor table size |
| setgroups | set group access list |
| setpgrp | set process group |
| setregid | set real and effective group ID |
| setreuid | set real and effective user ID’s |
| shutdown | shut down part of a full-duplex connection |
| sigblock | block signals |
| sigpause | atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt |
| sigsetmask | set current signal mask |
| sigstack | set and/or get signal stack context |
| sigvec | software signal facilities |
| socket | create an endpoint for communication |
| socketpair | create a pair of connected sockets |
| lstat, fstat, stat | get file status |
| statfs | get file system statistics |
| swapon | add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping |
| symlink | make symbolic link to a file |
| sync | update super-block |
| syscall | indirect system call |
| tmp_affinity | bind a process to a processor |
| tmp_ctl | multi-processor control |
| ftruncate, truncate | truncate a file to a specified length |
| umask | set file creation mode mask |
| universe | change the universe for a process |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| unmount | unmount a file system |
| utimes | set file times |
| vfork | spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way |
| vhangup | virtually “hangup” the current control terminal |
| vm_ctl | examine and change virtual memory tuning parameters |
| wait3, wait | wait for process to terminate |
| writev, write | write on a file |
| abort | generate a fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| berkst | read in symbol and string tables in berkeley format |
| bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs, bstring | bit and byte string operations |
| setkey, encrypt, crypt | DES encryption |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalnum, isalpha, isascii, iscntrl, isdigit, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, toascii, tolower, toupper, ctype | character classification and conversion macros |
| opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, directory | directory operations |
| fcvt, gcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, exece, exect, environ, execl | execute a file |
| exit | terminate a process after flushing any pending output |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| setenv, unsetenv, getenv | manipulate environmental variables |
| getgeombyname | get disk geometry by name |
| getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent.3.so | get group file entry |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt, setmntent, getmntent | get file system descriptor file entry |
| getpass | read a password |
| ispseudotty, getpseudotty | get or query pseudo terminals |
| getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent.3.so | get password file entry |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| getscsimatch, getscsiinfo | get scsiinfo structure |
| usclk_init, getusclk | get/init microsecond clock |
| setusershell, endusershell, getusershell | get legal user shells |
| getwd | get current working directory pathname |
| getzdinfobyname, getzdinfo | get zdinfo structure |
| remque, insque | insert/remove element from a queue |
| intro | introduction to library functions |
| free, realloc, calloc, alloca, malloc | memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| monstartup, moncontrol, monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| offline_all | take all but one active processor off line |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, perror | system error messages |
| pclose, popen | initiate I/O to/from a process |
| sys_siglist, psignal | system signal messages |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srandom, initstate, setstate, random | better random number generator; routines for changing generators |
| re_comp, re_exec, regex | regular expression handler |
| res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand, resolver | resolver routines |
| alphasort, scandir | scan a directory |
| longjmp, _setjmp, _longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid, setuid | set user and group ID |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex, string | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog | control system log |
| system | issue a shell command |
| isatty, ttyslot, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| valloc | aligned memory allocator |
| varargs | variable argument list |
| htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, byteorder | convert values between host and network byte order |
| ether_aton, ether_hostton, ether_line, ether_ntoa, ether_ntohost, ethers | ethernet address mapping operations |
| gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent, gethostent | get network host entry |
| getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent, getnetent | get network entry |
| endnetgrent, innetgr, setnetgrent, getnetgrent | get network group entry |
| getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent, getprotoent | get protocol entry |
| endrpcent, getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber, setrpcent, getrpcent | get rpc entry |
| getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent, getservent | get service entry |
| inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof, inet | Internet address manipulation routines |
| intro | introduction to network library functions |
| rpc | library routines for remote procedure calls |
| xdr | library routines for external data representation |
| ypclnt yp_get_default_domain yp_bind yp_unbind yp_match yp_first yp_next yp_all yp_order yp_master yperr_string ypprot_err, ypclnt | yellow pages client interface |
| assert | program verification |
| curses | screen functions with “optimal” cursor motion |
| dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey, dbm | data base subroutines |
| dis | disassemble Series 32000 or Series 386 instructions |
| getdiskbyname, getdisk.3x.so | get disk description by its name |
| getdiskbyname, getdisk | get disk description by its name |
| getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent, getfsent | get file system descriptor file entry |
| getopt | get option letter from argument vector |
| initgroups | initialize group access list |
| intro | introduction to miscellaneous library functions |
| lib2648 | subroutines for the HP 2648 graphics terminal |
| libsanity | libc routines with runtime sanity checking |
| plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, plot | graphics interface |
| rresvport, ruserok, rcmd | routines for returning a stream to a remote command |
| rexec | return stream to a remote command |
| tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs, termcap | terminal independent operation routines |
| L-devices | UUCP device description file |
| L-dialcodes | UUCP phone number index file |
| L.aliases | UUCP hostname alias file |
| L.cmds | UUCP remote command permissions file |
| L.sys | UUCP remote host description file |
| USERFILE | UUCP pathname permissions file |
| a.out | assembler and link editor output |
| acct, acct.5.so | execution accounting file |
| acct | execution accounting file |
| aliases | aliases file for sendmail |
| ar, ar.5.so | archive (library) file format |
| ar | archive (library) file format |
| core | format of memory image file |
| dir | format of directories |
| diskinfo | disk device characteristic database |
| disktab | disk description file |
| dumpdates, dump | incremental dump format |
| inode, fs | format of file system volume |
| fstab | static information about filesystems |
| gettytab | terminal configuration data base |
| group | group file |
| hosts.equiv | list of trusted hosts |
| hosts | host name data base |
| mntent | static information about filesystems |
| mrtab | static information about disk mirrors |
| /etc/mtab, mtab | mounted file system table |
| netgroup | list of network groups |
| networks | network name data base |
| passwd | password file |
| phones | remote host phone number data base |
| plot | graphics interface |
| printcap | printer capability data base |
| protocols | protocol name data base |
| rcsfile | format of RCS file |
| remote | remote host description file |
| resolver | resolver configuration file |
| rmtab | remotely mounted file system table |
| rpc | rpc program number data base |
| sdb | symbol table types |
| servers | inet server data base |
| services | service name data base |
| shells | shell database |
| stab | symbol table types |
| tar | tape archive file format |
| termcap | terminal capability data base |
| tp | DEC/mag tape formats |
| ttys | terminal initialization data |
| ttytype | data base of terminal types by port |
| types, types.5.so | primitive system data types |
| types | primitive system data types |
| utmp, wtmp, utmp.5.so | login records |
| wtmp, utmp | login records |
| uuencode | format of an encoded uuencode file |
| vfont | font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec |
| vgrindefs | vgrind’s language definition data base |
| ac | login accounting |
| addbad | modify dec standard 144 bad sector information |
| adduser | procedure for adding new users |
| arcv | convert archives to new format |
| bad144 | read/write dec standard 144 bad sector information |
| badsect | create files to contain bad sectors |
| bootflags | display/change system boot flags |
| bp | binary patcher |
| catman | create the cat files for the manual |
| chown | change owner |
| clri | clear i-node |
| config | build system configuration files |
| cron | clock daemon |
| dcheck | file system directory consistency check |
| diskpart | calculate default disk partition sizes |
| dmesg | collect system diagnostic messages to form error log |
| dump | incremental file system dump |
| dumpfs | dump file system information |
| edquota | edit user quotas |
| fasthalt, fastboot | reboot/halt the system without checking the disks |
| fsck | file system consistency check and interactive repair |
| fsirand | install random inode generation numbers |
| getty | set terminal mode |
| halt | stop the processor |
| htable | convert NIC standard format host tables |
| icheck | file system storage consistency check |
| init | process control initialization |
| intro | introduction to system maintenance and operation commands |
| lpc | line printer control program |
| lpd | line printer daemon |
| makedev | make system special files |
| makekey | generate encryption key |
| unmirror, mirror | activate and deactivate disk mirrors |
| mkfs | construct a file system |
| mklost+found | make a lost+found directory for fsck |
| mknod | build special file |
| mkproto | construct a prototype file system |
| monitor | monitor system activity |
| umount, mount | mount and dismount filesystems |
| mrinval | invalidate a mirror unit’s label |
| named | Internet domain name server |
| ncheck | generate names from i-numbers |
| newfs | construct a new file system |
| nopff, noswap, on, noage | run a command with priority aging, PFF, swapping, or processor migration disabled |
| offline, online | bring processors online and offline |
| pac | printer/ploter accounting information |
| ping | send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts |
| pmap | display or alter parameters of virtual-to-physical mapping devices |
| pstat | print system facts |
| quot | summarize file system ownership |
| quotacheck | filesystem quota consistency checker |
| quotaoff, quotaon | turn filesystem quotas on and off |
| rc.local, rc.shutdown, rc | command scripts for auto-reboot, daemons, shutdown |
| reboot | DYNIX bootstrapping procedures |
| renice | alter priority of running processes |
| repquota | summarize quotas for a filesystem |
| restore | incremental file system restore |
| rpcinfo | report RPC information |
| rshd | remote shell server |
| accton, sa | system accounting |
| savecore | save a core dump of the operating system |
| sendmail | send mail over the internet |
| sestat | print Ethernet statistics |
| showcfg | show the configuration of the machine |
| shutdown | close down the system at a given time |
| spray | spray packets |
| sticky | executable files with persistent text |
| swapon | specify additional device for paging and swapping |
| sweepd | patrol seek on DCC drives |
| sync | update the super block |
| syslog | log systems messages |
| syslogd | log systems messages |
| ttyconfig | configure Systech tty lines |
| tunefs | tune up an existing file system |
| update | periodically update the super block |
| usclk_conf | microsecond clock confidence test |
| version | display DYNIX version number |
| vipw | edit the password file |
| vmtune | tune system-wide virtual-memory parameters |