NAME

mr − Sequent Symmetry mirror disk pseudo-device

SYNOPSIS

pseudo-device mirror 8

DESCRIPTION

This pseudo-device driver provides disk mirroring.  Disk mirroring provides a logical disk device that automatically maintains two identical copies of data, called mirror units. 

Each mirror unit resides on a disk partition; any two partitions of DCC (Dual-Channel Disk Controller) disks can be used as mirror units.  Unless a smaller size has been specified with the mirror command, the total space available on each disk mirror is equal to one disk block less that on the smaller of the two partitions.  The maximum number of mirrors is specified by the line “pseudo-device mirror n” in the kernel configuration file.

A disk mirror looks like a disk partition to applications, and likewise may contain either a filesystem or raw data.  Each mirror has its own minor device number.  The standard block device names begin with “mr”, followed by the mirror number.  Character (raw) device names begin with “rmr”.  There are no partition letters as there are for real disks. 

The block devices use the system’s normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records.  There is also a ‘raw’ interface which provides for direct transmission between the disks underlying the mirror and the user’s read or write buffer.  A single read or write call at the DCC level results in exactly one I/O operation; therefore, raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted.  Raw mirror writes translate into two raw DCC writes.  Raw mirror reads translate into one raw DCC read unless there is a read error, in which case two raw DCC reads are done. 

All raw I/O counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk sector) and must begin on 16-byte aligned memory addresses. 

This device driver does not keep the “milliseconds per seek” statistic, and is not known to the iostat command. 

FILES

/dev/mr∗ block files
/dev/rmr∗ raw files
/sys/conf/conf_mirror.c binary configuration file

SEE ALSO

mirror(8), zd(4)

DIAGNOSTICS

Errors during normal operation are signaled to the mirror driver by the DCC zd driver, which it calls.  In response to such errors, the mirror driver stops using the unit that erred, turns on the front panel’s disk error light (on S81s), and reports the error to the console.  The erring unit is marked as bad, and the mirror label is rewritten to both units.  Errors caused by writing labels to bad units are ignored. 

If the error occurs on a read, the read operation restarts on the mirror’s other unit. 

If both units of a mirror go bad, the mirror is deactivated, no further I/O is allowed, and all queued I/O requests fail. 

You can check the status and configuration of a machine’s mirror devices at any time by invoking the mirror command with no arguments. 

The following error messages can be reported by the mirror driver:

Mirror %d unit %d read failed, block maj %d min %d

This error message indicates a read failure and will normally be preceded by a DCC error message describing that failure. The mirror number is the minor device number of the mirror device. Usually, the device will be named /dev/mr%d .  The unit number is either 0 or 1 and identifies which half of the mirror reported an error.  The block major and minor device numbers identify the DCC disk partition on which the error occurred.  Refer to the zd(4) man page for details. 

Mirror %d unit %d write failed, block maj %d min %d

This error message indicates a write failure and will normally be preceded by a DCC error message describing that failure. The information printed is the same as described previously for read errors. 

Mirror %d: error labeling unit %d block dev maj = %d, min = %d

This error message means that the mirror driver got a write error back from the DCC when it tried to write the label to a unit that had not yet failed. The information printed is the same as for read and write errors, described previously. 

Mirror %d unit %d failure

This error message is always preceded by one of the three I/O error messages described previously.  It indicates that the unit specified is no longer in service and will not be used as part of the specified mirror except for an attempt at relabeling should the other unit fail or should the mirror be deactivated by the system administrator.  For details, refer to the mirror(8) man page. 

Mirror %d: all units bad, deactivating

This error message is always preceded by the unit failure message described previously.  It indicates that both units of the specified mirror have failed and the mirror is being deactivated, as if the system administrator had invoked a command of the form unmirror /dev/mr%d.  No further I/O is permitted to that mirror until the mirror is reactivated by the system administrator.  Refer to the mirror(8) man page for details. 

DYNIX