GET(1s,C) AIX Commands Reference GET(1s,C)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
get
PURPOSE
Extracts a specified version of a Source Code Control System (SCCS) file.
SYNTAX
+-------------------------------+ +---------+ +------------+
get ---| +---------------------------+ |---| one of |---| |---|
+-| -b -k -s |-+ | +-----+ | +--- file ---+
^| -c cutoff -m -t || +-| -l |-+ ^ |
|| -e -n -x list || | -lp | +--------+
|| -g -p -w string || +-----+
|| -i list -rSID ||
|+---------------------------+|
+-----------------------------+
DESCRIPTION
The get command reads the specified versions of the named Source Code Control
System (SCCS) files, creates an ASCII text file for each file according to the
specified flags, and writes each text file to a file with the same name as the
original SCCS file without the s. (s period) prefix (the g-file). The flags
and files can be specified in any order, and all flags apply to all named
files.
If you specify a directory in place of file, the get command performs the
requested actions on all the files in the directory that begin with the s.
prefix. If you specify a - (minus) in place of a file, the get command reads
standard input and interprets each line as the same of an SCCS file. The get
command continues to read input until it reads END OF FILE (Ctrl-D).
If the effective user has write permission in the directory containing the SCCS
files but the real user does not, only one file can be named when the -e flag
is used.
If you are not familiar with the terms SID and delta or you do not know the
numbering system of the deltas, see AIX Operating System Programming Tools and
Interfaces for more information.
SCCS Files
In addition to the file with the s. prefix (the s-file), the get command can
create several auxiliary files: the g-file, l-file, p-file, and z-file. These
files are identified by their tag, the letter before the hyphen. The get
command names auxiliary files by replacing the leading s. in the SCCS file name
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with the proper tag, except for the g-file, which is named by removing the s.
prefix. So, for a file named s.sample, the auxiliary file names would be
sample, l.sample, p.sample, and z.sample.
These files serve the following purposes:
s-file This file contains the original file text and all the changes (deltas)
made to the file. It also includes information about who can change
the file contents, who has made changes, when those changes were made,
and what the changes were. You cannot edit this file directly since
the file is read-only. It contains the information needed by the SCCS
commands to build the g-file, the file you can edit.
g-file The g-file is an ASCII text file that contains the text of the SCCS
file version that you specify with the -r flag (or the latest trunk
version by default). You can edit this file directly. When you have
made all your changes and you want to make a new delta to the file, you
can then apply the delta command to the file. The get command creates
the g-file in the current directory.
The get command creates a g-file whenever it runs, unless the -g flag
or the -p flag is specified. The real user owns it (not the effective
user). If you do not specify the -k or the -e flag, the file is
read-only. If the -k or the -e flag is specified, the owner has write
permission for the g-file You must have write permission in the current
directory to create a g-file.
l-file The get command creates the l-file when the -l flag is specified. The
l-file is a read only file. It contains a table showing which deltas
were applied in generating the g-file. You must have write permission
in the current directory to create an l-file. Lines in the l-file have
the following format:
1. A blank character if the delta was applied; a "*" appears
otherwise.
2. A blank character if the delta was applied or was not applied and
ignored; a * appears if the delta was not applied and was not
ignored.
3. A code indicating a special reason why the delta was or was not
applied:
Blank Included or excluded normally.
I Included using the -i flag.
X Excluded using the -x flag.
C Cut off using the -c flag.
4. The SID.
5. The date and time the file was created.
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6. The login name of person who created the delta.
Comments and MR data follow on subsequent lines, indented one
horizontal tab character. A blank line ends each entry.
For example, for a delta cutoff with the -c flag, the entry in the
l-file might be:
**C 1.3 85/03/13 12:44:16 pat
and the entry for the initial delta might be:
1.1 85/02/27 15:42:20 pat
date and time created 85/02/27 15:42:20 by pat
p-file The get command creates the p-file when the -e or the -k flag is
specified. The p-file passes information resulting from a get -e to a
delta command. The p-file also prevents a subsequent execution of get
with a -e flag for the same SID until delta is run or the joint edit
keyletter (j) is set in the SCCS file. The j keyletter allows several
gets on the same SID. The p-file is created in the directory
containing the SCCS file. To create a p-file in the SCCS directory,
you must have write permission in that directory. The permission code
of the p-file is read-only to all but its owner, and it is owned by the
effective user. The p-file contains:
o The current SID
o The SID of new delta to be created
o The user name
o The date and time of the get
o The -i flag, if it was present
o The -x flag, if it was present
The p-file contains an entry with the above information for each
pending delta for the file. No two lines have the same new delta SID.
z-file The z-file is a lock mechanism against simultaneous updates. The
z-file contains the binary process number of the get command that
created it. It is created in the directory containing the SCCS file
and exists only while the get command is running.
When you use the get command, it displays the SID being accessed and the number
of lines created from the SCCS file. If you specify the -e flag, the SID of
the delta to be made appears after the SID accessed and before the number of
lines created. If you specify more than one file, or a directory, or standard
input, the get command displays the file name before each file is processed.
If you specify the -i flag, the get command lists included deltas below the
word "Included". If you specify the -x flag, the get command lists excluded
deltas below the word "Excluded".
Identification Keywords
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You can use identification keywords in your files to insert identifying
information. These keywords are replaced by their values in the g-file when
the get command is invoked without the -e or -k flag.
Note: For unformatted files, insert a null effect troff sequence into the
keywords so that sccs will not expand them; for example, %M% becomes
%M\&%.
The following identification keywords can be used in SCCS files:
%M% Module name: the value of the m flag in the SCCS file
%I% The SID (%R%.%L%.%B%.%S%) of the g-file
%R% Release
%L% Level
%B% Branch
%S% Sequence
%D% Date of the current get (YY/MM/DD)
%H% Date of the current get (MM/DD/YY)
%T% Time of the current get (HH:MM:SS)
%E% Date newest applied delta was created (YY/MM/DD)
%G% Date newest applied delta was created (MM/DD/YY)
%U% Time newest applied delta was created (HH:MM:SS)
%Y% Module type: the value of the t flag in the SCCS file
%F% SCCS file name
%P% Full path name of the SCCS file
%Q% The value of the q flag in the file
%C% The current line number. This keyword is intended for identifying
messages output by the program. It is not intended to be used on every
line to provide sequence numbers.
%Z% The 4-character string "@(#)" recognized by the what command
%W% A shorthand notation for constructing what command strings for AIX
program files. Its value is the characters and keyletters:
%W% = %Z%%M%<horizontal-tab>%I%
%A% Another shorthand notation for constructing what command strings for
non-AIX program files. Its value is the keyletters:
%A% = %Z%%Y% %M% %I%%Z%
Figure 4 illustrates how the get command determines the SID of the file it
retrieves, and what the pending SID is. The column SID Specified shows the
various ways the SID can be specified with the -r flag. The two columns
illustrate the various conditions that can exist, including whether the -b flag
is used with the get -e command. The SID Retrieved indicates the SID of the
file that makes up the g-file. The SID of Delta to be Created column indicates
the SID of the version that will is created when the delta command is applied.
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Figure 4. SID Determination for get Command |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|SID | -b | Other | SID | SID of |
|Specified | Used| Conditions | | Delta |
| | | | Retrieve| to be |
| | | | | Created |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|none1 | no | R defaults to mR2 | mR.mL | mR.(mL+1) |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|none1 | yes | R defaults to mR | mR.mL | mR.mL.(mB+1).1|
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|(R)elease | no | R > mR | mR.mL | R.13 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R | no | R = mR | mR.mL | mR.(mL+1) |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R | yes | R > mR | mR.mL | mR.mL.(mB+1).1|
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R | yes | R = mR | mR.mL | mR.mL.(mB+1).1|
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R | N/A | R < mR and R does not exist | hR.mL6 | hR.mL.(mB+1).1|
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R | N/A | R < mR and R exists | R.mL | R.mL.(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.(L)evel | no | No trunk successor | R.L | R.(L+1) |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L | yes | No trunk successor | R.L | R.L(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L | N/A |Trunk successor in release => R| R.L | R.L.(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L.(B)ranch | no | No branch successor | R.L.B.mS| R.L.B.(mS+1) |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L.B | yes | No branch successor | R.L.B.mS| R.L.(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L.B.(S)eque|cno | No branch successor | R.L.B.S | R.L.B.(S+1) |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L.B.S | yes | No branch successor | R.L.B.S | R.L.(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
|R.L.B.S | N/A | Branch successor | R.L.B.S | R.L.(mB+1).1 |
+-------------+-----+-------------------------------+---------+---------------+
| |
|1 Applies only if the d (default SID) flag is not present in the file (see |
|"admin") |
|2 The mR indicates the maximum existing release. |
|3 Forces creation of the first delta in a new release. |
|6 The hR is the highest existing release that is lower than the specified, |
|nonexistent, release R. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
FLAGS
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-b Specifies that the delta to be created should have an SID in a new
branch. The new SID is numbered according to the rules stated in
Figure 4. You can use the -b flag only with the -e flag. It is
necessary only when you want to branch from a leaf delta (a delta
without a successor). Attempting to create a delta at a nonleaf
delta automatically results in a branch, even if the b header flag
is not set. If you do not specify the b header flag in the SCCS
file, the get command ignores the -b flag because the file does
not allow branching (see the discussion of header flags on page
admin-3).
-c cutoff Specifies a cutoff date and time, in the form:
YY[MM[DD[HH[MM[SS]]]]]. The get command includes no deltas to the
SCCS file created after the specified cutoff in the g-file. The
values of any unspecified items in the cutoff default to their
maximum allowable values. Thus, a cutoff date and time specified
with only the year (YY) specifies the last month, day, hour,
minute, and second of that year. Any number of non-numeric
characters can separate the two-digit items of the cutoff date and
time. This allows you to specify a date and time in a number of
ways, as follows:
-c85/9/2,9:00:00
-c"85/9/2 9:00:00"
"-c85/9/2 9:00:00"
-e Indicates that the g-file being created is to be edited by the
user applying the get command. The changes are recorded later
with the delta command. get -e creates a p-file that prevents
other users from issuing another get -e command and editing a
second g-file on the same SID before delta is run. The owner of
the file can override this restriction by allowing joint editing
on the same SID through the use of the admin command with the -fj
flag. Other users, with permission, can obtain read-only copies
by using the get command without the -e flag. The get -e command
enforces SCCS file protection specified via the ceiling, floor,
and authorized user list in the SCCS file (see "admin").
-g Suppresses the actual retrieval of text from the SCCS file. Use
the -g flag primarily to create an l-file or to verify the
existence of a particular SID. Do not use it with the -e flag.
-i list Specifies a list of deltas to be included in the creation of a
g-file. The SID list format consists of a combination of
individual SIDs separated by commas and SID ranges indicated by
two SIDs separated by a hyphen. You specify the same SIDs with
both the following command lines:
get -e -i1.4,1.5,1.6 s.file
get -e -i1.4-1.6 s.file
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You can specify the SCCS Identification of a delta in any form
shown in the SID Specified column of Figure 4. The get command
interprets partial SIDs as shown in the SID Retrieved column of
the table.
-k Suppresses replacement of identification keywords in the g-file by
their value (see "Identification Keywords"). The -k flag is
implied by the -e flag. If you accidentally ruin the g-file
created by get with an -e flag, you can recreate it by reissuing
the get command with the -k flag in place of the -e flag.
-l[p] Writes a delta summary to an l-file. If you specify -lp, the
delta summary is written to standard output, and the get command
does not create the l-file. Use this flag to determine which
deltas were used to create the g-file currently in use. See "SCCS
Files" for the format of the l-file.
-m Writes before each line of text in the g-file the SID of the delta
that inserted the line into the SCCS file. The format is:
SID tab line of text
-n Writes the value of the %M% keyword before each line of text in
the g-file (see "Identification Keywords" for information on
keywords). The format is the value of %M%, followed by a
horizontal tab, followed by the text line. When both the -m and
-n flags are used, the format is:
%M% value tab SID tab line of text
-p Writes the text created from the SCCS file to standard output and
does not create a g-file. The get command sends output normally
sent to standard output to file descriptor 2 instead. If you
specify the -s flag with the -p flag, output normally sent to
standard output does not appear anywhere. Do not use the -p flag
with the -e flag.
-rSID Specifies the SCCS identification string (SID) of the SCCS file
version to be created. Figure 4 shows what version of a file is
created and the SID of the pending delta as functions of the SID
specified.
-s Suppresses all output normally written to standard output. Error
messages (written to standard error output) remain unaffected.
-t Accesses the most recently created delta in a given release or
release and level. Without the -r flag, the get command accesses
the most recent delta regardless of its SID.
-w string Substitutes string for the %W% keyword in g-files not intended for
editing (see "SCCS Files" for information on g-files).
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-x list Excludes a list of deltas in the creation of a file. See the -i
flag for the SID list format on page 6.
EXAMPLES
1. To get an SCCS file for editing:
get -e s.prog.c
This command creates a file named "prog.c" that only you have permission to
modify. It also creates a p.prog.c file that prevents other users from
using a get -e and editing a second prog.c file on the same SID before the
delta is run. No one else can use "prog.c" or "s.prog.c" until you use the
delta command to indicate that you are finished.
2. To get an SCCS file for reading:
get s.prog.c
This command creates a file named "prog.c" that anyone can read, but that
no one can modify. You can do this before searching files with the grep
command or before compiling programs that are controlled with SCCS.
RELATED INFORMATION
See the following commands: "admin," "delta," "sccshelp," "prs," and
"what."
See the sccsfile file in AIX Operating System Technical Reference.
See the discussion of SCCS in AIX Operating System Programming Tools and
Interfaces.
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