ref_prm(1) ref_prm(1)
NAME
refprm - general introduction to the Programmer's Reference Manual
DESCRIPTION
Overview
The Programmer's Reference Manual (Reliant UNIX 5.44) describes the
commands, system calls, library functions, file formats, and help
tools used by programmers on the RM400 (or RM200 and RM300) and RM600.
Naming conventions
Throughout the manual, extensions appearing in brackets after a com-
mand name, the name of a library function, the name of include files
etc., are cross-references to the relevant section in this manual. The
description of a library function with the extension (2) or (3C) for
example is located in the corresponding section of the manual.
A description followed by (1M) is located either in the corresponding
section of the System Administrator's Reference Manual or of the Net-
working Reference Manual.
A description followed by (3N) is located in the corresponding section
of the Networking Reference Manual.
A description followed by (4) or (5) is located either in section 4 or
5 of this manual or in the Programmer's Reference Manual (or in the
Networking Reference Manual).
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A description followed by (7) or (8) is located either in the corre-
sponding section of the System Administrator's Reference Manual or of
the Networking Reference Manual.
If a command name has the extension (1), the corresponding description
is located except in this manual either in the
Commands. User's Reference Manual
or in the
Networking Reference Manual.
At the end of this manual page, as well as under refurm(1) and
refnet(1) you will find an overview of the user commands in the vari-
ous manuals.
Note for online users:
With the man command, you can call up a manual page using its exten-
sion. This is useful if a manual page is available under the same name
in several sections and can only be distinguished by means of its
name, e.g. the "iconv" command, for which there are three variants:
iconv(1) [user command], iconv(3C) [C function], and iconv(5) [header
file]. If you call up the reference page using "man iconv", all three
descriptions are displayed on the screen one after the other. If you
are only interested in one of these descriptions, e.g. the one for the
C function, you must call up the manual page as follows: "man 3C
iconv".
The procedure is similar for manual pages for which there are dif-
ferent "versions", for instance AT&T and UCB. Here it is also possible
to call up the description you require, e.g. for the "chown" command,
for which there are two variants AT&T and UCB. If you are only
interested in the UCB description for example, you must call up the
manual page as follows: "man 1-ucb chown".
Structure
The Programmer's Reference Manual is divided into the following sec-
tions:
(1) Commands
(2) System calls
(3) Miscellaneous functions from the library libucb
(3C) C programming functions from the standard library libc
(3E) Functions for the ELF format from the library libelf
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(3G) General functions from the library libgen
(3M) Mathematical functions from the library libm
(3S) Standard input/output functions from the standard library libc
(3X) Functions from special libraries
(4) File formats and include files
(5) Miscellaneous facilities and include files
Section 1, "Commands", describes the commands used for C and other
programming languages.
Section 2, "System calls", describes how to access the utilities pro-
vided by the system kernel.
Section 3?, "Library functions", describes the library functions
available. A detailed description on using system calls or library
functions can be found under introprm2(2). An introduction to the
libelf library (ELF format) can be found under elf(3E).
From the programmer's point of view, there is no difference between
the system calls in Section 2 and the library functions in Section 3.
The division into Section 2 and Section 3 is a relic from UNIX his-
tory.
Section 4, "File formats", documents the structure of certain file
types. So, for example, the format for the output of the linkage edi-
tor is specified in a.out(4). There are also some header files
described in Section 4.
Section 5, "Miscellaneous facilities", describes miscellaneous facili-
ties, such as macro packages, character sets, and so on. Header files
are also described in Section 5.
In general, the header files or include files can be found in the
/usr/include and /usr/include/sys directories.
A number of sections begin with a description called introprmn. The
descriptions which follow are arranged alphabetically and may consist
of several pages. Several entries describe a number of routines at
once. In such cases, the entry appears only once, and is arranged in
alphabetical order under its "primary name". An example of such an
entry is string(3C), as fifteen various routines (from strcat to
strstr) are described under the primary name "string:". These "alias
names" are always listed and described under the name of the corre-
sponding primary name.
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For online users this means that the calls "man string" and "man
strlen" display the same manual page, which contains the required
description.
All manual pages have a common format for both the contents (chapter
structure) and the synopsis for using the command. Further information
on these conventions can be found under introprm1(1) and
introurm(1). General information on the various intro manual pages
can be found under intro(1). manprint(1) describes how to print manual
pages displayed on the screen using the "man" command.
Commands. User's Reference Manual
.(1)
:(1)
[(1)
a20r(1)
acctcom(1)
addbib(1)
aedplot(1)
alias(1)
apropos(1)
apropos(1-ucb)
ar(1)
arch(1)
at(1)
atq(1)
atrm(1)
awk(1)
banner(1)
basename(1)
basename(1-ucb)
batch(1)
bc(1)
bdiff(1)
bfs(1)
bg(1)
bgplot(1)
biff(1)
break(1)
cal(1)
calendar(1)
cancel(1)
cat(1)
cd(1)
ced(1)
chdir(1)
checknr(1)
chgrp(1)
chmod(1)
chown(1)
chown(1-ucb)
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chsh(1)
cksum(1)
clear(1)
cmp(1)
col(1)
colon(1)
comm(1)
command(1)
compress(1)
continue(1)
copy(1)
cp(1)
cpio(1)
cpl(1)
crontab(1)
crtplot(1)
crypt(1)
csh(1)
csplit(1)
ctags(1)
cut(1)
date(1)
dc(1)
dd(1)
deroff(1)
deroff(1-ucb)
destroy(1)
df(1)
df(1-ucb)
df(1-ufs)
df(1-vxfs)
dfspace(1)
diff(1)
diff3(1)
dircmp(1)
dirname(1)
disable(1)
doscat(1)
doscp(1)
dosdir(1)
dosfilt(1)
dosformat(1)
doslabel(1)
dosls(1)
dosmkdir(1)
dosrm(1)
dosrmdir(1)
dot(1)
du(1)
du(1-ucb)
dumbplot(1)
dumpmsg(1)
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e(1)
echo(1)
echo(1-ucb)
ed(1)
edit(1)
egrep(1)
enable(1)
env(1)
eval(1)
ex(1)
exec(1)
exit(1)
expand(1)
export(1)
expr(1)
exstr(1)
extract(1)
face(1)
factor(1)
false(1)
fc(1)
fg(1)
fgrep(1)
file(1)
find(1)
findman(1)
flchk(1)
fldisp(1)
flinit(1)
fmli(1)
fmt(1)
fmtmsg(1)
fold(1)
fsirand(1)
gcore(1)
gencat(1)
getconf(1)
getext(1)
getopt(1)
getoptcvt(1)
getopts(1)
gettxt(1)
gettypes(1)
gigiplot(1)
grep(1)
groups(1)
groups(1-ucb)
hash(1)
hashcheck(1)
hashmake(1)
hd(1)
head(1)
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hpplot(1)
i286(1)
i386(1)
i486(1)
ic(1)
iconv(1)
id(1)
iecho(1)
implot(1)
indxbib(1)
ipcrm(1)
ipcs(1)
iput(1)
jobs(1)
join(1)
jsh(1)
kill(1)
ksh(1)
last(1)
lastcomm(1)
lc(1)
less(1)
lesskey(1)
let(1)
lfmt(1)
line(1)
listusers(1)
ln(1)
ln(1-ucb)
locale(1)
localedef(1)
logger(1)
logger(1-ucb)
login(1)
logname(1)
look(1)
lookbib(1)
lp(1)
lpq(1)
lpr(1)
lprm(1)
lpstat(1)
lptest(1)
ls(1)
ls(1-ucb)
m120(1)
m68k(1)
mach(1)
machid(1)
mail(1)
mail(1-ucb)
mailalias(1)
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mailx(1)
makekey(1)
man(1)
man(1-ucb)
man-news(1)
manprint(1)
md5(1)
mesg(1)
mips(1)
mkdir(1)
mkfifo(1)
mkmsgs(1)
more(1)
mt(1)
mv(1)
nawk(1)
newform(1)
newgrp(1)
news(1)
nice(1)
nl(1)
nohup(1)
notify(1)
od(1)
pack(1)
page(1)
pagesize(1)
passwd(1)
paste(1)
patch(1)
pathchk(1)
pax(1)
pcat(1)
pdp11(1)
pfmt(1)
pg(1)
plot(1)
pr(1)
print(1)
printenv(1)
printf(1)
priocntl(1)
prt(1)
ps(1)
ps(1-ucb)
pwd(1)
random(1)
read(1)
readonly(1)
red(1)
refer(1)
renice(1)
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renice(1-ucb)
reset(1-ucb)
return(1)
rksh(1)
rm(1)
rm200(1)
rm300(1)
rm400(1)
rm600(1)
rm700(1)
rmail(1)
rmail(1-ucb)
rmdir(1)
roffbib(1)
sar(1)
script(1)
sdiff(1)
sed(1)
set(1)
setext(1)
settime(1)
sh(1)
shift(1)
shl(1)
sinfilt(1)
sleep(1)
soelim(1)
sort(1)
sortbib(1)
sparc(1)
spell(1)
spellin(1)
split(1)
srchtxt(1)
stop(1)
strchg(1)
strconf(1)
strextract(1)
strings(1)
stty(1)
stty(1-ucb)
su(1)
sum(1)
sum(1-ucb)
suspend(1)
t300(1)
t300s(1)
t4013(1)
t450(1)
t4600(1)
tabs(1)
tail(1)
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tar(1)
tcopy(1)
tee(1)
tek(1)
test(1)
test(1-ucb)
time(1)
times(1)
timex(1)
touch(1)
tput(1)
tr(1)
tr(1-ucb)
trap(1)
true(1)
truss(1)
tset(1)
tset(1-ucb)
tty(1)
type(1)
typeset(1)
u370(1)
u3b(1)
u3b15(1)
u3b2(1)
u3b5(1)
ul(1)
ulimit(1)
umask(1)
unalias(1)
uname(1)
uncompress(1)
unexpand(1)
unifdef(1)
uniq(1)
units(1)
unpack(1)
unset(1)
uptime(1)
users(1)
vacation(1)
vacation(1-ucb)
vax(1)
vedit(1)
vi(1)
view(1)
w(1)
wait(1)
wc(1)
wcheck(1)
whatis(1)
whence(1)
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which(1)
who(1)
whoami(1)
write(1)
xargs(1)
xpg4sh(1)
yes(1)
zcat(1)
Networking Reference Manual
ct(1)
cu(1)
domainname(1)
finger(1)
ftp(1)
hostid(1)
hostname(1)
rcp(1)
rlogin(1)
rpcgen(1)
rsh(1)
ruptime(1)
rusers(1)
rwho(1)
talk(1)
telnet(1)
tftp(1)
uucp(1)
uudecode(1)
uuencode(1)
uuglist(1)
uulog(1)
uuname(1)
uupick(1)
uustat(1)
uuto(1)
uux(1)
whois(1)
ypcat(1)
ypmatch(1)
ypwhich(1)
NOTES
The apropos(1) [alternative call "man -k", both described under
man(1)] is useful if you have a keyword, but are not sure of the exact
name of the relevant manual page. For example, if you want to find out
the names of the manual pages covering the topic "temporary files",
you enter:
apropos temporary
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The following manual pages are then offered (no distinction is made
between uppercase and lowercase letters):
tempnam (3S) - create a name for a temporary file
tmpfile (3S) - create a temporary file
tmpnam (3S) - create a name for a temporary file
SEE ALSO
intro(1), introprm1(1), introurm(1), man(1), man-news(1),
manprint(1), refnet(1), refsarm(1), refurm(1), introprm2(2),
elf(3E), introprm4(4), introprm5(5).
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