| admin | create and administer SCCS files |
| apropos | locate commands by keyword lookup |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| arcv | convert archive files from PDP-11 to VAX-11/780 format |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| banner | make posters |
| dirname, basename | deliver portions of path names |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| bdiff | big diff |
| bfs | big file scanner |
| man, binman | print entries in this manual |
| bs | a compiler/interpreter for modest-sized programs |
| cal | print calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | catenate and print |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| cc | C compiler |
| cd | change working directory |
| cdc | change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta |
| cw, checkcw | prepare constant-width text for troff |
| chown, chgrp | change owner or group |
| chmod | change mode |
| chgrp, chown | change owner or group |
| cmp | compare two files |
| col | filter reverse line-feeds |
| comb | combine SCCS deltas |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| ln, mv, cp | copy, link or move files |
| cpio | copy file archives in and out |
| cref | make cross-reference listing |
| crpasswd | Create password and group files |
| crypt | encode/decode |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax |
| csplit | context split |
| ctags | create a tags file |
| cut | cut out selected fields of each line of a file |
| checkcw, cw | prepare constant-width text for troff |
| date | print and set the date |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| delta | make a delta (change) to an SCCS file |
| deroff | remove nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs |
| diff | differential file and directory comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| diffmk | mark differences between files |
| dircmp | directory comparison |
| basename, dirname | deliver portions of path names |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| grep, fgrep, egrep | search a file for a pattern |
| env | set environment for command execution |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | format mathematical text for nroff or troff |
| edit, ex | text editor |
| unexpand, expand | expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| true, false | provide truth values |
| grep, egrep, fgrep | search a file for a pattern |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| fmt | simple text formatter |
| get | get a version of an SCCS file |
| getopt | parse command options |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| head | give first few lines |
| help | ask for help |
| hyphen | find hyphenated words |
| id | print user and group IDs and names |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| join | relational database operator |
| kill | terminate a process |
| ld | link editor |
| lex | generate programs for simple lexical tasks |
| line | read one line |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| cp, mv, ln | copy, link or move files |
| logname | get login name |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m4 | macro processor |
| rmail, mail | send mail to users or read mail |
| make | maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs |
| man | find manual information by keywords; print out the manual |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mm | print out documents formatted with the MM macros |
| page, more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
| cp, ln, mv | copy, link or move files |
| eqn, checkeq, neqn | format mathematical text for nroff or troff |
| news | print news items |
| nl | line numbering filter |
| nohup | run a command immune to hangups and quits |
| troff, nroff | typeset or format text |
| od | octal dump |
| cat, oldcat | concatenate and print files |
| diff, olddiff | differential file comparator |
| lint, oldlint | a C program checker |
| ls, oldls | list contents of directories |
| sed, oldsed | stream editor |
| pcat, unpack, pack | compress and expand files |
| paste | merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file |
| pack, unpack, pcat | compress and expand files |
| cc, pcc | C compiler |
| pr | print files |
| printenv | print out the environment |
| prs | print an SCCS file |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | working directory name |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect |
| regcmp | regular expression compile |
| rmdir, rm | remove files or directories |
| mail, rmail | send mail to users or read mail |
| rmdel | remove a delta from an SCCS file |
| rm, rmdir | remove files or directories |
| rsh | restricted shell (command interpreter) |
| sact | print current SCCS file editing activity |
| sccsdiff | compare two versions of an SCCS file |
| sdiff | side-by-side difference program |
| sed | stream editor |
| sh | shell, the standard command programming language |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| sort | sort and/or merge files |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| spell, spellout, spellin | find spelling errors |
| spell, spellin, spellout | find spelling errors |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| stty | set the options for a terminal |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file |
| tar | tape file archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tee | pipe fitting |
| test | condition evaluation command |
| time | time a command |
| touch | update access and modification times of a file |
| tr | translate characters |
| nroff, troff | typeset or format text |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get the terminal’s name |
| ul | do underlining |
| umask | set file-creation mode mask |
| uname | print name of current UNIX |
| expand, unexpand | expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa |
| unget | undo a previous get of an SCCS file |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| pack, pcat, unpack | compress and expand files |
| val | validate SCCS file |
| vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wc | word count |
| what | identify SCCS files |
| whatis | describe what a command is |
| who | who is on the system |
| xargs | construct argument list(s) and execute command |
| xref | cross reference for C programs |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| access | determine accessibility of a file |
| alarm | set a process’s alarm clock |
| sbrk, brk | change data segment space allocation |
| chdir | change working directory |
| chmod | change mode of file |
| chown | change owner and group of a file |
| close | close a file descriptor |
| creat | create a new file or rewrite an existing one |
| default_acl | change default file protection environment |
| dup | duplicate an open file descriptor |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exec | execute a file |
| execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, execl | execute a file |
| execl, execv, execve, execlp, execvp, execle | execute a file |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execvp, execlp | execute a file |
| execl, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, execv | execute a file |
| execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, execve | execute a file |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp | execute a file |
| exit | terminate process |
| fcntl | file control |
| fork | create a new process |
| stat, fstat | get file status |
| getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid | get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs |
| getuid, getgid, getegid, geteuid | get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs |
| getuid, geteuid, getegid, getgid | get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs |
| getpid, getppid, getpgrp | get process, process group, and parent process IDs |
| getpgrp, getppid, getpid | get process, process group, and parent process IDs |
| getpid, getpgrp, getppid | get process, process group, and parent process IDs |
| geteuid, getgid, getegid, getuid | get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs |
| getwd | get current working directory |
| intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| ioctl | control device |
| kill | send a signal to a process or a group of processes |
| link | link to a file |
| lseek | move read/write file pointer |
| mknod | make a directory, or a special or ordinary file |
| nice | change priority of a process |
| nice, nice_bky | set program priority |
| open | open for reading or writing |
| pause | suspend process until signal |
| pipe | create an interprocess channel |
| read | read from file |
| rename | rename a file |
| brk, sbrk | change data segment space allocation |
| set_sbrk_size | define memory available for allocation |
| get_version, set_version | Sets/gets system version for syntax interpretation |
| setuid, setgid | set user and group IDs |
| setpgrp | set process group ID |
| setgid, setuid | set user and group IDs |
| signal | catch or ignore signals |
| soft_unlink, soft_link | create or delete soft links |
| soft_link, soft_unlink | create or delete soft links |
| fstat, stat | get file status |
| ftime, time | get date and time |
| times | get process and child process times |
| umask | set and get file creation mask |
| uname | get name of current UNIX system |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| ustat | get file system statistics |
| utime | set file access and modification times |
| wait | wait for child process to stop or terminate |
| write | write on a file |
| toupper, tolower, toascii, _tolower | character translation |
| toupper, tolower, toascii, _toupper | character translation |
| l64a, a64l | convert between long and base-64 ASCII |
| abort | generate an IOT fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| ctime, localtime, gmtime, tzset, asctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| atof, atol, atoi | convert ASCII to numbers |
| atof, atoi, atol | convert ASCII to numbers |
| bsearch | binary search |
| malloc, free, realloc, calloc | main memory allocator |
| toupper, tolower, toascii, conv | character translation |
| setkey, encrypt, crypt | DES encryption |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, ctype | character classification |
| fcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| end, etext, edata | last locations in program |
| crypt, setkey, encrypt | DES encryption |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent | get group file entry |
| getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent | get password file entry |
| perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr, errno | system error messages |
| end, edata, etext | last locations in program |
| ecvt, fcvt | output conversion |
| malloc, realloc, calloc, free | main memory allocator |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| getenv | value for environment name |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getgrent, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrgid | get group file entry |
| getgrent, getgrgid, setgrent, endgrent, getgrnam | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| getopt | get option letter from argv |
| getpass | read a password |
| getpw | get name from UID |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| getpwent, getpwuid, setpwent, endpwent, getpwnam | get password file entry |
| getpwent, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwuid | get password file entry |
| ctime, localtime, asctime, tzset, gmtime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| ssignal, gsignal | software signals |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isalnum | character classification |
| isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isalpha | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii | character classification |
| ttyname, isatty | find name of a terminal |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, isascii, iscntrl | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isdigit | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, isgraph | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, islower | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isprint | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, ispunct | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isspace | character classification |
| isalpha, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isupper | character classification |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, isxdigit | character classification |
| ltol3, l3tol | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers |
| a64l, l64a | convert between long and base-64 ASCII |
| frexp, modf, ldexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| ctime, gmtime, asctime, tzset, localtime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| setjmp, longjmp | non-local goto |
| lsearch | linear search and update |
| l3tol, ltol3 | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers |
| free, realloc, calloc, malloc | main memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| frexp, ldexp, modf | split into mantissa and exponent |
| monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, errno, perror | system error messages |
| putpwent | write password file entry |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srand, rand | random number generator |
| malloc, free, calloc, realloc | main memory allocator |
| getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, endgrent, setgrent | get group file entry |
| longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| crypt, encrypt, setkey | DES encryption |
| getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, endpwent, setpwent | get password file entry |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| rand, srand | random number generator |
| gsignal, ssignal | software signals |
| strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strcat | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strchr | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strcmp | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strcpy | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strtok, strcspn | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, string | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strlen | string operations |
| strcat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strncat | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strncmp | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strncpy | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strpbrk | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strrchr | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strcspn, strtok, strspn | string operations |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| perror, sys_nerr, errno, sys_errlist | system error messages |
| perror, sys_errlist, errno, sys_nerr | system error messages |
| toupper, tolower, toascii | character translation |
| toupper, toascii, tolower | character translation |
| tolower, toascii, toupper | character translation |
| isatty, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset | convert date and time to ASCII |
| sin, cos, tan, asin, atan, atan2, acos | trigonometric functions |
| sin, cos, tan, acos, atan, atan2, asin | trigonometric functions |
| sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan2, atan | trigonometric functions |
| sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 | trigonometric functions |
| j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, bessel | bessel functions |
| floor, fabs, fmod, ceil | absolute value, floor, ceiling, remainder functions |
| sin, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, cos | trigonometric functions |
| sinh, tanh, cosh | hyperbolic functions |
| log, pow, sqrt, exp | exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions |
| floor, ceil, fmod, fabs | absolute value, floor, ceiling, remainder functions |
| fabs, ceil, fmod, floor | absolute value, floor, ceiling, remainder functions |
| floor, fabs, ceil, fmod | absolute value, floor, ceiling, remainder functions |
| gamma | log gamma function |
| hypot | Euclidean distance |
| j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, j0 | bessel functions |
| j0, jn, y0, y1, yn, j1 | bessel functions |
| j0, j1, y0, y1, yn, jn | bessel functions |
| exp, pow, sqrt, log | exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions |
| exp, log, sqrt, pow | exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions |
| cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, sin | trigonometric functions |
| cosh, tanh, sinh | hyperbolic functions |
| exp, log, pow, sqrt | exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions |
| sin, cos, asin, acos, atan, atan2, tan | trigonometric functions |
| sinh, cosh, tanh | hyperbolic functions |
| sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, trig | trigonometric functions |
| j0, j1, jn, y1, yn, y0 | bessel functions |
| j0, j1, jn, y0, yn, y1 | bessel functions |
| j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn | bessel functions |