NEWFORM(1-SysV) RISC/os Reference Manual NEWFORM(1-SysV)
NAME
newform - change the format of a text file
SYNOPSIS
newform [-s] [-itabspec] [-otabspec] [-bn] [-en] [-pn] [-an]
[-f] [-c[char]] [-ln] [files]
DESCRIPTION
newform reads lines from the named files, or the standard
input if no input file is named, and reproduces the lines on
the standard output. Lines are reformatted in accordance
with command line options in effect.
Except for -s, command line options may appear in any order,
may be repeated, and may be intermingled with the optional
files. Command line options are processed in the order
specified. This means that option sequences like ``-e15
-l60'' will yield results different from ``-l60 -e15''.
Options are applied to all files on the command line.
-s Shears off leading characters on each line up to
the first tab and places up to 8 of the sheared
characters at the end of the line. If more than 8
characters (not counting the first tab) are
sheared, the eighth character is replaced by a *
and any characters to the right of it are dis-
carded. The first tab is always discarded.
An error message and program exit will occur if
this option is used on a file without a tab on
each line. The characters sheared off are saved
internally until all other options specified are
applied to that line. The characters are then
added at the end of the processed line.
For example, to convert a file with leading
digits, one or more tabs, and text on each line,
to a file beginning with the text, all tabs after
the first expanded to spaces, padded with spaces
out to column 72 (or truncated to column 72), and
the leading digits placed starting at column 73,
the command would be:
newform -s -i -l -a -e file-name
-itabspec Input tab specification: expands tabs to spaces,
according to the tab specifications given. In
addition, tabspec may be --, in which newform
assumes that the tab specification is to be found
in the first line read from the standard input
(see fspec(4)). If no tabspec is given, tabspec
defaults to -8. A tabspec of -0 expects no tabs;
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if any are found, they are treated as -1.
-otabspec Output tab specification: replaces spaces by
tabs, according to the tab specifications given.
The tab specifications are the same as for
-itabspec. If no tabspec is given, tabspec
defaults to -8. A tabspec of -0 means that no
spaces will be converted to tabs on output.
-bn Truncate n characters from the beginning of the
line when the line length is greater than the
effective line length (see -ln). Default is to
truncate the number of characters necessary to
obtain the effective line length. The default
value is used when -b with no n is used. This
option can be used to delete the sequence numbers
from a COBOL program as follows:
newform -l1 -b7 file-name
-en Same as -bn except that characters are truncated
from the end of the line.
-pn Prefix n characters (see -c[k]) to the beginning
of a line when the line length is less than the
effective line length. Default is to prefix the
number of characters necessary to obtain the
effective line length.
-an Same as -pn except characters are appended to the
end of a line.
-f Write the tab specification format line on the
standard output before any other lines are output.
The tab specification format line which is printed
will correspond to the format specified in the
last -o option. If no -o option is specified, the
line which is printed will contain the default
specification of -8.
-c[k] Change the prefix/append character to k. Default
character for k is a space.
-ln Set the effective line length to n characters. If
n is not entered, -l defaults to 72. The default
line length without the -l option is 80 charac-
ters. Note that tabs and backspaces are con-
sidered to be one character (use -i to expand tabs
to spaces).
The -l1 must be used to set the effective line length
shorter than any existing line in the file so that the -b
option is activated.
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DIAGNOSTICS
All diagnostics are fatal.
usage: ... newform was called with a bad
option.
not -s format There was no tab on one line.
can't open file Self-explanatory.
internal line too long A line exceeds 512 characters
after being expanded in the
internal work buffer.
tabspec in error A tab specification is
incorrectly formatted, or
specified tab stops are not
ascending.
tabspec indirection illegal A tabspec read from a file (or
standard input) may not contain
a tabspec referencing another
file (or standard input).
0 - normal execution
1 - for any error
SEE ALSO
csplit(1)
fspec(4) in the Programmer's Reference Manual.
ERRORS
newform normally only keeps track of physical characters;
however, for the -i and -o options, newform will keep track
of backspaces in order to line up tabs in the appropriate
logical columns.
newform will not prompt the user if a tabspec is to be read
from the standard input (by use of -i-- or -o--).
If the -f option is used, and the last -o option specified
was -o--, and was preceded by either a -o-- or a -i--, the
tab specification format line will be incorrect.
Options [-bn], [-en], [-pn], [-an], and [-ln], do not check
for valid input. newform assumes that a string of digits
(greater than zero) follows these options; when invalid data
such as a character or a negative number is given, no error
message is generated.
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