NAME

as − assembler

SYNOPSIS

as [ −u ] [ −V ] [ −o objfile ] file ... 

DESCRIPTION

As assembles the concatenation of the named files.  The options are:

−u Treat all undefined symbols in the assembly as external globals. 

−V Produce an object suitable for loading into an automatic text overlaid program. 

−o Use objfil for the name of the resultant object.  If this is omitted, a.out is used.  If no errors occurred during the assembly and if there were no unresolved external references, it is made executable. 

The special file name −− serves two purposes.  It signals the end of all options and causes stdin to be read for input.  Thus it is now possible to pipe data to the assembler:
/lib/cpp -E foo.s | sed -e ’;^#;/;’ | as -o foo.o --
The file name −− may be placed between normal files, when EOF is detected on stdin the next file in the argument list is opened and read. 
If no input files are specified then stdin is read. 

FILES

/tmp/atm1temporary
a.outobject

SEE ALSO

adb(1), ld(1), nm(1), a.out(5)
UNIX Assembler Manual by D. M. Ritchie

DIAGNOSTICS

When an input file cannot be read, its name followed by a question mark is typed and assembly ceases.  When syntactic or semantic errors occur, a single-character diagnostic is typed out together with the line number and the file name in which it occurred.  Errors in pass 1 cause cancellation of pass 2.  The possible errors are:

)Parentheses error
]Parentheses error
<String not terminated properly
∗Indirection used illegally
.Illegal assignment to ‘.’
aError in address
bBranch instruction is odd or too remote
eError in expression
fError in local (‘f’ or ‘b’) type symbol
gGarbage (unknown) character
iEnd of file inside an if
mMultiply defined symbol as label
oWord quantity assembled at odd address
p‘.’ different in pass 1 and 2
rRelocation error
uUndefined symbol
xSyntax error

BUGS

Syntax errors can cause incorrect line numbers in following diagnostics. 

3rd Berkeley Distribution