GROPS(@MAN1EXT@) 1990 GROPS(@MAN1EXT@)
NAME
grops - PostScript driver for groff
SYNOPSIS
grops [ -v ] [ -l ] [ -Fdir ] [ -wn ] [ -cn ] [ files...
]
DESCRIPTION
grops translates the output of gtroff to PostScript. Nor-
mally grops should invoked by using the groff command with
a -Tps option. If no files are given, grops will read the
standard input. A filename of - will also cause grops to
read the standard input. PostScript output is written to
the standard output.
OPTIONS
-cn Print n copies of each page.
-l Print the document in landscape format.
-Fdir Search the directory dir/devname for font and
device description files; name is the name of the
device, usually ps.
-wn Lines should be drawn using a thickness of n thou-
sandths of an em.
-v Print the version number.
USAGE
There are styles called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font
positions 1 to 4. The fonts are grouped into families A,
BM, C, H, HN, N, P and T having members in each of these
styles:
AR AvantGarde-Book
AI AvantGarde-BookOblique
AB AvantGarde-Demi
ABI AvantGarde-DemiOblique
BMR Bookman-Light
BMI Bookman-LightItalic
BMB Bookman-Demi
BMBI Bookman-DemiItalic
CR Courier
CI Courier-Oblique
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CB Courier-Bold
CBI Courier-BoldOblique
HR Helvetica
HI Helvetica-Oblique
HB Helvetica-Bold
HBI Helvetica-BoldOblique
HNR Helvetica-Narrow
HNI Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique
HNB Helvetica-Narrow-Bold
HNBI Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique
NR NewCenturySchlbk-Roman
NI NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
NB NewCenturySchlbk-Bold
NBI NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic
PR Palatino-Roman
PI Palatino-Italic
PB Palatino-Bold
PBI Palatino-BoldItalic
TR Times-Roman
TI Times-Italic
TB Times-Bold
TBI Times-BoldItalic
There is also the following font which is not a member of
a family:
ZCMI ZapfChancery-MediumItalic
There are also some special fonts called SS and S. Zapf
Dingbats is avilable as ZD and a reversed version of
ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite direc-
tion) is available as ZDR; most characters in these fonts
are unnamed and must be accessed using \N.
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grops understands various X commands produced using the \X
escape sequence; grops will only interpret commands that
begin with a ps: tag.
\X'ps: exec code'
This executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in
code. The PostScript currentpoint will be set to
the position of the \X command before executing
code. The origin will be at the top left corner of
the page, and y coordinates will increase down the
page. A procedure u will be defined that converts
groff units to the coordinate system in effect.
For example,
.nr x 1i
\X'ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke'
will draw a horizontal line one inch long. code
may make changes to the graphics state, but any
changes will persist only to the end of the page.
Any definitions will also persist only until the
end of the page. If you use the \Y escape sequence
with an argument that names a macro, code can
extend over multiple lines. For example,
.nr x 1i
.de y
ps: exec
\nx u 0 rlineto
stroke
..
\Yy
is another way to draw a horizontal line one inch
long.
\X'ps: file name'
This is the same as the exec command except that
the PostScript code is read from file name.
\X'ps: def code'
Place a PostScript definition contained in code in
the prologue. There should be at most one defini-
tion per \X command. Long definitions can be split
over several \X commands; all the code arguments
are simply joined together separated by newlines.
The definitions are placed in a dictionary which is
automatically pushed on the dictionary stack when
an exec command is executed. If you use the \Y
escape sequence with an argument that names a
macro, code can extend over multiple lines.
\X'ps: mdef n code'
Like def, except that code may contain up to n
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GROPS(@MAN1EXT@) 1990 GROPS(@MAN1EXT@)
definitions. grops needs to know how many defini-
tions code contains so that it can create an app-
propriately sized PostScript dictionary to contain
them.
\X'ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]'
Import a PostScript graphic from file. The argu-
ments llx, lly, urx, and ury give the bounding box
of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate
system; they should all be integers; llx and lly
are the x and y coordinates of the lower left
corner of the graphic; urx and ury are the x and y
coordinates of the upper right corner of the
graphic; width and height are integers that give
the desired width and height in groff units of the
graphic. The graphic will be scaled so that it has
this width and height and translated so that the
lower left corner of the graphic is located at the
position associated with \X command. If the height
argument is omitted it will be scaled uniformly in
the x and y directions so that it has the specified
width. Note that the contents of the \X command
are not interpreted by gtroff; so vertical space
for the graphic is not automatically added, and the
width and height arguments are not allowed to have
attached scaling indicators. If the PostScript
file complies with the Adobe Document Structuring
Conventions and contains a %%BoundingBox comment,
then the bounding box can be automatically
extracted from within groff by using the sy request
to run the psbb command.
The -mps macros (which are automatically loaded
when grops is run by the groff command) include a
PSPIC macro which allows a picture to be easily
imported. This has the format
.PSPIC file [width [height]]
file is the name of the file containing the illus-
tration; width and height give the desired width
and height of the graphic. The width and height
arguments may have scaling indicators attached; the
default scaling indicator is i. This macro will
scale the graphic uniformly in the x and y direc-
tions so that it is no more than width wide and
height high.
The input to grops must be in the format output by
gtroff(@MAN1EXT@). This is described in
groffout(@MAN1EXT@). In addition the device and font
description files for the device used must meet certain
requirements. The device and font description files sup-
plied for ps device meet all these requirements.
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afmtodit(@MAN1EXT@) can be used to create font files from
AFM files. The resolution must be an integer multiple of
72 times the sizescale. The ps device uses a resolution
of 72000 and a sizescale of 1000. The device description
file should contain a command
paperlength n
which says that output should be generated which is suit-
able for printing on a page whose length is n machine
units. Each font description file must contain a command
internalname psname
which says that the PostScript name of the font is psname.
It may also contain a command
encoding enc_file
which says that the PostScript font should be reencoded
using the encoding described in enc_file; this file should
consist of a sequence of lines of the form:
pschar code
where pschar is the PostScript name of the character, and
code is its position in the encoding expressed as a deci-
mal integer. The code for each character given in the
font file must correspond to the code for the character in
encoding file, or to the code in the default encoding for
the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded.
This code can be used with the \N escape sequence in
gtroff to select the character, even if the character does
not have a groff name. Every character in the font file
must exist in the PostScript font, and the widths given in
the font file must match the widths used in the PostScript
font. grops will assume that a character with a groff
name of space is blank (makes no marks on the page); it
can make use of such a character to generate more effi-
cient and compact PostScript output.
grops can automatically include the downloadable fonts
necessary to print the document. Any downloadable fonts
which should, when required, be included by grops must be
listed in the file @FONTDIR@/devps/download; this should
consist of lines of the form
font filename
where font is the PostScript name of the font, and file-
name is the name of the file containing the font; lines
beginning with # and blank lines are ignored; fields may
be separated by tabs or spaces; filename will be searched
for using the same mechanism that is used for groff font
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metric files. The download file itself will also be
searched for using this mechanism.
If a file imported with the \X import command complies
with the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions, then
grops will include any fonts that are needed by the
imported file and are listed in the download file.
grops is also able to handle inter-font dependencies. Any
downloadable font that depends on another font must indi-
cate this by following the Structuring Conventions and
listing the fonts on which it depends in the %%Document-
Fonts comment. For example, suppose that you have a down-
loadable font called Garamond, and also a downloadable
font called Garamond-Outline which depends on Garamond
(typically it would be defined to copy Garamond's font
dictionary, and change the PaintType), then the download-
able font file for Garamond-Outline should start like this
%!PS-Adobe-2.1
%%DocumentFonts: Garamond
grops will then ensure that whenever Garamond-Outline is
included, Garamond is included before it. In this case
both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need to be listed
in the download file. A downloadable font should list
every font that it depends on even if that font is resi-
dent in the printer (like, for example, Symbol); this will
enable grops to generate a correct %%DocumentFonts comment
for its output; the font should not include its own name
in the %%DocumentFonts comment.
FILES
@FONTDIR@/devps/DESC Device desciption file.
@FONTDIR@/devps/F Font description file for font
F.
@FONTDIR@/devps/download List of downloadable fonts.
@FONTDIR@/devps/text.enc Encoding used for text fonts.
@MACRODIR@/tmac.ps Macros for use with grops.
/tmp/gropsXXXXXX Temporary file.
SEE ALSO
afmtodit(@MAN1EXT@), groff(@MAN1EXT@), gtroff(@MAN1EXT@),
psbb(@MAN1EXT@), groffout(@MAN5EXT@),
grofffont(@MAN5EXT@)
Groff Character Names
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