RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
NAME
restore - incremental file system restore
SYNOPSIS
/etc/restore key [ argument...] [ filename...]
DESCRIPTION
Restore reads tapes dumped with the dump(8) command. Its
actions are controlled by the key argument. The key is a
string of characters containing at most one function letter
and possibly one or more function modifiers. Other
arguments to the command are file or directory names
specifying the files that are to be restored. Unless the h
key is specified (see below), the appearance of a directory
name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of
that directory.
OPTIONS
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the
following letters:
r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory.
This should not be done lightly; the r key should only
be used to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear
file system or to restore an incremental dump tape
after a full level zero restore. Thus
/etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
cd /mnt
/etc/restore rf /dev/rmt1
is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.
Another restore can be done to get an incremental dump
in on top of this. Note that restore leaves a file
restoresymtable in the root directory to pass
information between incremental restore passes. This
file should be removed when the last incremental tape
has been restored.
A dump(8) followed by a newfs(8) and a restore is used
to change the size of a file system.
R Restore requests a particular volume of a multi volume
set on which to restart a full restore (see the r key
above). This allows restore to be interrupted and then
restarted.
x The named files are extracted from the tape. If the
named file matches a directory whose contents had been
written onto the tape, and the h key is not specified,
the directory is recursively extracted. The owner,
modification time, and mode are restored (if possible).
Printed 10/17/86 1
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
If no file argument is given, then the root directory
is extracted, which results in the entire content of
the tape being extracted, unless the h key has been
specified.
t The names of the specified files are listed if they
occur on the tape. If no file argument is given, then
the root directory is listed, which results in the
entire content of the tape being listed, unless the h
key has been specified. Note that the t key replaces
the function of the old dumpdir program.
i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from
a dump tape. After reading in the directory
information from the tape, restore provides a shell
like interface that allows the user to move around the
directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The
available commands are given below; for those commands
that require an argument, the default is the current
directory.
ls [ arg ] - List the current or specified directory.
Entries that are directories are appended with a
/. Entries that have been marked for extraction
are prepended with a *. If the verbose key is set
the inode number of each entry is also listed.
cd [ arg] - Change the current working directory to the
specified argument.
pwd - Print the full pathname of the current working
directory.
add [ arg] - The current directory or specified
argument is added to the list of files to be
extracted. If a directory is specified, then it
and all its descendents are added to the
extraction list (unless the h key is specified on
the command line). Files that are on the
extraction list are prepended with a * when they
are listed by ls.
delete [ arg]- The current directory or specified
argument is deleted from the list of files to be
extracted. If a directory is specified, then it
and all its descendents are deleted from the
extraction list (unless the h key is specified on
the command line). The most expedient way to
extract most of the files from a directory is to
add the directory to the extraction list and then
delete those files that are not needed.
Printed 10/17/86 2
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
extract - All the files that are on the extraction list
are extracted from the dump tape. Restore will
ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The
fastest way to extract a few files is to start
with the last volume, and work towards the first
volume.
verbose - The sense of the v key is toggled. When set,
the verbose key causes the ls command to list the
inode numbers of all entries. It also causes
restore to print out information about each file
as it is extracted.
help - List a summary of the available commands.
quit - Restore immediately exits, even if the
extraction list is not empty.
The following characters may be used in addition to the
letter that selects the function desired.
b The next argument to restore indicates buffer size for
reading dump media. The argument is interpreted as
number of 1k bytes, and it is intended as a means of
speeding up media reads (specifying the S option for
cartridge streaming tape causes the buffer size to be
set to 128 for a buffer size of 128k). The default is
10k. The number specified should agree with that used
by dump to produce the media. This option should not
be used when reading flexible disk media.
F This indicates flexible disk media is being used
(default is 9 track tape).
S This indicates that cartridge streaming tape is being
used (default is 9 track tape).
v Normally restore does its work silently. The v
(verbose) key causes it to type the name of each file
it treats preceded by its file type.
f The next argument to restore is the path name of the
device to use instead of the default. The path name
can specify a flexible disk, a cartridge tape, a 9-
track tape, or a disk file, and the location of the
device can be local or remote. If the name of the file
is ``-'', restore reads from standard input. Thus,
dump(8) and restore can be used in a pipeline to dump
and restore a file system with the command
/etc/dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; /etc/restore xf -)
Printed 10/17/86 3
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
y Restore will not ask whether it should abort the
restore if it gets a tape error. It will always try to
skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it
can.
m Restore will extract by inode numbers rather than by
file name. This is useful if only a few files are
being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating
the complete pathname to the file.
h Restore extracts the actual directory, rather than the
files that it references. This prevents hierarchical
restoration of complete subtrees from the tape.
EXAMPLES
cd /fs
(where fs is the file system to which you are
restoring, e.g., /ab)
/etc/restore if /dev/tc
(use restore interactively from the cartridge streaming
tape on /dev/tc)
/etc/restore tf /dev/rdf
(this will show all files involved in this flexible
disk dump. The information will be extracted from the
volume)
/etc/restore tf /dev/rdf ./joe
(will show all files in subtree joe, where joe is a
child of the dumped file system /cd/joe).
/etc/restore tf /dev/rdf joe
(same function as above)
cd /fs
(fs is same as above)
/etc/restore xf /dev/rdf ./joe/thisdir
(will restore thisdir and everything dumped below
thisdir. This may not be all of thisdir, since dump
only grabs files that have changed.)
Note that syntax is relative to the current directory. For
example, if restore is preceded by cd /ab, then ./joe,
./joe/thisdir, etc., will be created as subtrees of /ab.
FILES
/dev/tc the default tape drive (cartridge
streamer)
/tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the
Printed 10/17/86 4
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
tape.
/tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for
directories.
./restoresymtable symtab information passed between
incremental restores.
DIAGNOSTICS
Complaints about bad key characters.
Complaints if it gets a read error. If y has been
specified, or the user responds y, restore will attempt to
continue the restore.
If the dump extends over more than one volume, restore will
ask the user to change tapes. If the x or i key has been
specified, restore will also ask which volume the user
wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is
to start with the last volume, and work towards the first
volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
restore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never
happen''. Common errors are given below.
Converting to new file system format.
A dump tape created from the old file system has been
loaded. It is automatically converted to the new file
system format.
<filename>: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape
directory, but was not found on the tape. This is
caused by tape read errors while looking for the file,
and from using a dump tape created on an active file
system.
expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>
A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
This can occur when using a dump tape created on an
active file system.
Incremental tape too low
When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written
before the previous incremental tape, or that has too
low an incremental level has been loaded.
Incremental tape too high
When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not
begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape
left off, or that has too high an incremental level has
Printed 10/17/86 5
RESTORE(8) COMMAND REFERENCE RESTORE(8)
been loaded.
Tape read error while restoring <filename>
Tape read error while skipping over inode < inumber >
Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is
specified, then its contents are probably partially
wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is
trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have
been corrupted, though files may not be found on the
tape.
resync restore, skipped <num> blocks
After a tape read error, restore may have to
resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of
blocks that were skipped over.
RETURN VALUE
[USAGE] Incorrect command line syntax. Execution
terminated.
[NP_ERR] An error occurred that was not a system
error. Execution terminated.
This is the return code used when restore has found that one
or more files it was about to restore already exist (the
files are left alone). In this case the system error
variable, errno, will contain EEXIST (17).
[P_ERR] A system error occurred. Execution
terminated. See intro(2) for more
information on system errors.
[NP_WARN] An error warranting a warning message
occurred. Execution continues.
Return values greater than 124 indicate a fatal condition
from which restore aborted.
CAVEATS
Restore can get confused when doing incremental restores
from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over
inode allocation; thus a full restore must be done to get a
new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering,
even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
SEE ALSO
rrestore(8), dump(8), rdump(8), mkfs(8), mount(8), newfs(8).
Printed 10/17/86 6
%%index%%
na:72,77;
sy:149,220;
de:369,672;
op:1041,1942;3127,2845;6116,2896;9156,772;
ex:9928,1290;
fi:11218,236;11598,313;
di:11911,2196;14251,794;
rv:15045,900;
ca:15945,697;
se:16642,192;
%%index%%000000000215