TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
NAME
tip, cu - connect to a remote system
SYNOPSIS
tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] system-name
tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] phone-number
cu phone-number [ -t ] [ -s speed ] [ -a acu ] [ -l line ]
[ -# ]
DESCRIPTION
Tip and cu establish a full-duplex connection to another
machine, giving the appearance of being logged in directly
on the remote CPU. It goes without saying that you must
have a login on the machine (or equivalent) to which you
wish to connect. The preferred interface is tip. The cu
interface is included for those people attached to the call
unix command of version 7 UNIX. This manual page describes
only tip.
Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the
remote machine (which does the echoing as well). A tilde
(~) appearing as the first character of a line is an escape
signal; the following are recognized:
~<CTRL-D>~.
Drop the connection and exit (you may still be
logged in on the remote machine).
~c [name]
Change directory to name (no argument implies
change to your home directory).
~! Escape to a shell; (exiting the shell will return
you to tip).
~> Copy file from local to remote. Tip prompts for
the name of a local file to transmit.
~< Copy file from remote to local. Tip prompts first
for the name of the file to be sent, then for a
command to be executed on the remote machine.
~p from [ to ]
Send a file to a remote UTek or UNIX host. The
put command causes the remote UTek or UNIX system
to run the command string cat > to, while tip
sends it the from file. If the to file isn't
specified, the from filename is used. This
command is actually a UTek (UNIX) specific version
of the ~> command.
~t from [ to ]
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
Take a file from a remote UTek or UNIX host. As
in the put command, the to file defaults to the
from filename if it isn't specified. The remote
host executes the command string
cat from;echo <CTRL-A>
to send the file to tip.
~| Pipe the output from a remote command to a local
UTek process. The command string sent to the
local UTek system is processed by the shell.
~# Send a BREAK to the remote system.
~s Set a variable (see the discussion below).
~<CTRL-Z> Stop tip (only available with job control).
~{ Receive a text file from the remote host using the
XMODEM protocol. Must issue the appropriate
command to start XMODEM transfer before giving
this escape to tip. Translation is performed from
CP/M file format (CR/LF) to UTek text file format
(LF). If beautify is set then all bytes have the
parity bit removed for consistency with UTek
editors.
~} Send a text file to the remote host using the
XMODEM protocol. Translation is done from UTek
text file format to CP/M format as dictated by the
protocol. Must issue the XMODEM command on the
remote host first.
~( Receive a binary file from the remote host using
the XMODEM protocol. No translation is performed.
~) Send a binary file to the remote host using the
XMODEM protocol. No translations are done, the
file is sent as is. The protocol dictates that
the last 128 byte sector be padded with control Z
characters, so this may not be suitable for
transfer between UTek/UNIX hosts.
~? Get a summary of the tilde escapes.
Tip uses the file /etc/remote to find how to reach a
particular system and to find out how it should operate
while talking to the system; refer to remote(5n) for a full
description. Each system has a default baud rate with which
to establish a connection. If this value is not suitable,
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
the baud rate to be used may be specified on the command
line; for example, tip -300 mds.
When tip establishes a connection it sends out a connection
message to the remote system; the default value, if any, is
defined in /etc/remote.
When tip prompts for an argument (for example, during setup
of a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the
standard erase and kill characters. A null line in response
to a prompt, or an interrupt, will abort the dialogue and
return you to the remote machine.
Tip guards against multiple users connecting to a remote
system by opening modems and terminal lines with exclusive
access, and by honoring the locking protocol used by
uucp(1n).
During file transfers tip provides a running count of the
number of lines transferred. When using the ~> and ~<
commands, the eofread and eofwrite variables are used to
recognize end-of-file when reading, and specify end-of-file
when writing (see below). File transfers normally depend on
tandem mode for flow control. If the remote system does not
support tandem mode, echocheck may be set to indicate tip
should synchronize with the remote system on the echo of
each transmitted character.
When tip must dial a phone number to connect to a system, it
will print various messages indicating its actions. Tip
supports the Racal-Vadic 831 auto-call-units; the Ventel
212+, Racal-Vadic 3451; the Bizcomp 1031 and 1032 integral
call unit/modems; and the HAYES smart modem. This support
is provided by the uucp Automatic Calling Unit library.
Other modems will work if they have an emulation mode for
one of the above modems.
INSTALLATION
Files needed are:
Name Permissions Owner
/bin/tip -rwsr-xr-x uucp
/etc/remote -rw-rw-r-- sys
/usr/spool/uucp drwxr-xr-x uucp
Optional files are:
/etc/phones -rw-rw-r-- sys
~/.tiprc
~/.tipphones
~/.tipremote
Printed 10/17/86 3
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
FOR DIRECT RS-232-C CONNECTION
You need the following equipment:
An RS-232-C line to a target system. (Make sure you are
able to login to the target system.)
A modem adapter cable (Tek part # 012-1120-00). It has two
male ends that you plug into the female connectors on the
target system and the workstation. It also switches the
control lines so that two DCE ports can communicate as if
they were a DCE/DTE pair.
Things to do:
1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your
workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys(5) file.
Then restart the init process by rebooting or sending it a
hangup signal.
The orginal line in the /etc/ttys file looks like this:
1yttyXX
Make it look like this:
0yttyXX
where XX refers to the number of a tty port on your
workstation that you want to use for your tip connection.
2. Type: kill -1 1. This sends the init process the hangup
signal. Init(8) rereads the /etc/ttys file and turns off
the login on port ttyXX. This prevents a login process from
interfering with the port you are about to use for tip.
3. Use chown to give the tty port you are going to use for
the tip connection to uucp. For example:
/etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX
4. Put an entry in the /etc/remote file that describes the
port you are going to use. For example:
direct|direct 9600 baud line:\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\
:oe=^A
5. Using the modem adapter cable, connect the login line
from the target machine to the port you have chosen on your
Printed 10/17/86 4
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
workstation.
6. Type tip direct, and tip will open a 9600 baud connection
to the target host if you use the above examples.
FOR MODEM CONNECTION:
You need the following equipment:
A modem adapter cable as described above.
A modem that is supported by the uucp Automatic Calling
Unit library.
To make the connection perform the following steps:
1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your
workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys file, as
is described above in the direct connect instructions.
2. Use chown to give the tty port you are going to use for
the tip connection to uucp. For example:
/etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX
3. Put an entry in the /etc/remote(5n) file that describes
the port and modem you are going to use. For example:
dial1200|1200 Baud Hayes :\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#1200:du:at=hayes:
4. Connect your modem to your workstation using the modem
adapter cable.
5. Invoke tip. For example:
tip dial1200 5551212
Sometimes you need to type a carriage return after the
"connected" message to get a prompt.
OPTIONS
-v This option causes tip to display the setting of its
variables as they are done by the .tiprc file in the
users home directory.
FILES
/etc/remote Global system descriptions.
/etc/phones Global phone number database.
${REMOTE} Private system descriptions.
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
${PHONES} Private phone numbers.
~/.tiprc Initialization file.
/usr/spool/uucp/LCK..* Lock file to avoid conflicts with
uucp.
DIAGNOSTICS
These are the most common messages. There are many others.
link down Tip displays this message when it cannot open
the RS-232-C port. This will happen if a
cable is not plugged in or if the cable that
is used does not have the carrier detect pin
connected.
all ports busy This message is displayed when a lock file is
present in the /usr/spool/uucp directory for
the port tip is trying to use. This means
that some other user is using this port and
tip is locked out for the time being. If a
lock file is present inadvertently, and there
really is no one else trying to use this
port, remove the lock file. You will need to
run as superuser to do this.
Example:
rm /usr/spool/uucp/LCK..ttyXX
where XX is the number of the tty device you
wish to fix.
VARIABLES
Tip maintains a set of variables which control its
operation. Some of these variable are read-only to normal
users (root is allowed to change anything of interest).
Variables may be displayed and set through the s escape.
The syntax for variables is patterned after vi(1) and
mail(1mh). Supplying all as an argument to the set command
displays all variables readable by the user. Alternatively,
the user may request display of a particular variable by
attaching a ? to the end. For example, escape? displays
the current escape character.
Variables are numeric, string, character, or Boolean values.
Boolean variables are set merely by specifying their name;
they may be reset by prepending a ! to the name. Other
variable types are set by concatenating an equal sign(=) and
the value. The entire assignment must not have any blanks
in it. A single set command may be used to interrogate as
well as set a number of variables. Variables may be
initialized at run-time by placing set commands (without the
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
~s prefix in a file .tiprc in your home directory). The -v
option causes tip to display the sets as they are made.
Certain common variables have abbreviations. The following
is a list of common variables, their abbreviations, and
their default values:
beautify
(Bool) Discard unprintable characters when a session is
being scripted; abbreviated be.
baudrate
(num) The baud rate at which the connection was
established; abbreviated ba.
dialtimeout
(num) When dialing a phone number, the time (in
seconds) to wait for a connection to be established;
abbreviated dial.
echocheck
(Bool) Synchronize with the remote host during file
transfer by waiting for the echo of the last character
transmitted; default is off.
eofread
(str) The set of characters which signify and end-of-
transmission during a ~< file transfer command;
abbreviated eofr.
eofwrite
(str) The string sent to indicate end-of-transmission
during a ~> file transfer command; abbreviated eofw.
eol
(str) The set of characters which indicate an end-of-
line. Tip will recognize escape characters only after
an end-of-line.
escape
(char) The command prefix (escape) character;
abbreviated es; default value is a tilde (~).
exceptions
(str) The set of characters which should not be
discarded due to the beautification switch; abbreviated
ex; default value is \t\n\f\b.
force
(char) The character used to force literal data
transmission; abbreviated fo; default value is <CTRL-
P>.
Printed 10/17/86 7
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
framesize
(num) The amount of data (in bytes) to buffer between
file system writes when receiving files; abbreviated
fr.
host
(str) The name of the host to which you are connected;
abbreviated ho.
prompt
(char) The character which indicates an end-of-line on
the remote host; abbreviated pr; default value is \n.
This value is used to synchronize during data
transfers. The count of lines transferred during a
file transfer command is based on receipt of this
character.
raise
(Bool) Uppercase mapping mode; abbreviated ra; default
value is off. When this mode is enabled, all lowercase
letters will be mapped to uppercase by tip for
transmission to the remote machine.
raisechar
(char) The input character used to toggle uppercase
mapping mode; abbreviated rc; default value is <CTRL-
A>.
record
(str) The name of the file in which a session script is
recorded; abbreviated rec; default value is tip.record.
script
(Bool) Session scripting mode; abbreviated sc; default
is off. When script is true, tip will record
everything transmitted by the remote machine in the
script record file specified in record. If the
beautify switch is on, only printable ASCII characters
will be included in the script file (those characters
between 040 and 0177) [ also on XMODEM text file
receives].
tabexpand
(Bool) Expand tabs to spaces during file transfers;
abbreviated tab; default value is false. Each tab is
expanded to eight spaces.
verbose
(Bool) Verbose mode; abbreviated verb; default is true.
When verbose mode is enabled, tip prints messages while
dialing, shows the current number of lines transferred
during a file transfer operations, and more.
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
SHELL
(str) The name of the shell to use for the ~! command;
default value is /bin/sh, or taken from the
environment.
HOME
(str) The home directory to use for the ~c command;
default value is taken from the environment.
Examples of how to set tip variables:
This is how variables are set up in the /etc/remote file:
direct|direct 9600 baud line:\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\
:oe=^A
The ie and oe strings refer to the eofread and eofwrite
strings described above. See the remote(5n) man page for
more details.
This is how variables are set up using a tilde s escape.
When tip answers ``~[set]'' it is printed over your ~s. The
escape character must be the first character typed on a
line.
Assuming that the dollar sign is your prompt
you type:
$~s
tip types:
~[set]
You type:
eofr=endoffilereadstring
RETURN VALUE
[0] No errors.
[nonzero] Errors occurred.
CAVEATS
The full set of variables is undocumented and should
probably be pared down.
SEE ALSO
phones(5n), remote(5n).
Printed 10/17/86 9
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