TAIL(1)                 COMMAND REFERENCE                 TAIL(1)



NAME
     tail - copy the last part of a file to standard output

SYNOPSIS
     tail [ +[number][lbc][fr] ] [ filename ]

DESCRIPTION
     Tail copies the named file to the standard output beginning
     at a designated place.  If no file is named, the standard
     input is used.

     Copying begins at distance +number from the beginning, or
     -number from the end of the input.

     Specifying r causes tail to print lines from the end-of-file
     in reverse order.  The default for r is to print the entire
     file this way.  Specifying f causes tail to not quit at
     end-of-file, but rather wait and try to read repeatedly in
     hopes that the file will grow.  If both r and f are given,
     the f is ignored.

OPTIONS
     -f  Causes tail to not quit at end-of-file, but rather wait
         and try to read repeatedly in hopes that the file will
         grow.

     -r  Causes tail to print lines from the end of the file in
         reverse order.

     +number
         Copying begins at distance +number from the beginning of
         the input.

     -number
         Copying begins at distance -number from the end of the
         input.  Number is counted in units of lines, 1024-byte
         blocks or characters, according to the appended option
         l, b or c, respectively.  When no units are specified,
         counting is by lines.  When the size argument is not
         specified, the last 10 lines are copied.

EXAMPLES
     The following example reads the output from nroff(1) which
     is being written to the file text.out. The last 30 lines of
     output are displayed first, and then all subsequent output
     is displayed.



          nroff file > text.out&
          tail -30lf text.out




Printed 10/17/86                                                1

TAIL(1)                 COMMAND REFERENCE                 TAIL(1)



     This example builds a new copy of the file example
     containing all but the first 29 lines of the original copy.



          tail +30 example > tmp
          mv tmp example


RETURN VALUE
     [NO_ERRS]      Command completed without error.

     [USAGE]        Incorrect command line syntax. Execution
                    terminated.

     [P_ERR]        A system error occurred. Execution
                    terminated.  See intro(2) for more
                    information on system errors.

CAVEATS
     When the -number or -r options are used, a maximum of 16384
     characters can be copied.

     Various kinds of anomalous behavior may happen with
     character special files.

SEE ALSO
     dd(1), head(1).



























Printed 10/17/86                                                2

%%index%%
na:72,90;
sy:162,188;
de:350,807;
op:1157,916;
ex:2073,362;2579,198;
rv:2777,400;
ca:3177,259;
se:3436,112;
%%index%%000000000141