CHMOD(1)                COMMAND REFERENCE                CHMOD(1)



NAME
     chmod - change mode of file or directory

SYNOPSIS
     chmod mode filename...

DESCRIPTION
     The mode of each named file is changed according to mode,
     which may be absolute or symbolic. An absolute mode is an
     octal number constructed from the OR of the following modes:

     4000
         set user ID on execution
     2000
         set group ID on execution
     1000
         sticky bit, see chmod(2)
     0400
         read by owner
     0200
         write by owner
     0100
         execute (search in directory) by owner
     0070
         read, write, execute (search) by group
     0007
         read, write, execute (search) by others

     A symbolic mode has the form:

          [who] op permission [op permission] ...

     The who part is a combination of the letters u (for user's
     permissions), g (group) and o (other).  The letter a stands
     for all, or ugo.  If who is omitted, the default is a but
     the setting of the file creation mask (see umask(2)) is
     taken into account.

     Op can be + to add permission to the file's mode, - (a minus
     sign) to take away permission,  and = (an equal sign) to
     assign permission absolutely (all other bits will be reset).

     Permission is any combination of the letters r (read), w
     (write), x (execute), s (set owner or group id) and t (save
     text - sticky). Letters u, g,  or o indicate that permission
     is to be taken from the current mode. Omitting permission is
     only useful with = to take away all permissions.

     Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given.
     Operations are performed in the order specified. The letter
     s is only useful with u or g.




Printed 10/17/86                                                1

CHMOD(1)                COMMAND REFERENCE                CHMOD(1)



     Only the owner of a file (or the superuser) may change its
     mode.

EXAMPLES
     The first example denies write permission to others; the
     second makes a file executable:



          chmod o-w file
          chmod +x file


     This example uses the permissions that are on for the group
     and turns them on for the user and others:

          chmod uo+g




RETURN VALUE
     [NO_ERRS]      Command completed without error.

     [USAGE]        Incorrect command line syntax. Execution
                    terminated.

     [NP_ERR]       An error occurred that was not a system
                    error.  Execution terminated.

     [P_WARN]       A system error occurred. Execution continues.
                    See intro(2) for more information on system
                    errors.

SEE ALSO
     ls(1), chmod(2), stat(2), umask(2), chown(8).



















Printed 10/17/86                                                2

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