TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) NAME tip, cu - connect to a remote system SYNOPSIS tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] system-name tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] phone-number cu phone-number [ -t ] [ -s speed ] [ -a acu ] [ -l line ] [ -# ] DESCRIPTION Tip and cu establish a full-duplex connection to another machine, giving the appearance of being logged in directly on the remote host. To establish a connection, you must have access to a login account (or equivalent) on the machine to which you wish to connect. The preferred interface is tip. The cu interface is included for those people familiar with the call unix command of UNIX Version 7. This manual page describes only tip. Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the remote machine (which does the echoing as well). In addition, tip uses an escape command mechanism for modifying its behavior. An escape character (default is tilde, ~) appearing as the first character of a line signals the start of a tip escape command sequence; the command character immediately follows the escape character. (NOTE: For the purpose of illustration, the tilde character ( ~ ) will be used throughout the remainder of this command description to signify the active escape character.) The following escape commands are recognized: ~<CTRL-D>,~. Drop the connection and exit (you may still be logged in on the remote machine). ~c [name] Change directory to name (no argument implies change to your home directory). ~! Escape to a shell (exiting the shell will return you to tip). ~> Copy file from local to remote; tip prompts for the name of a local file to transmit. ~< Copy file from remote to local; tip prompts first for the name of the file to be sent, then for a command to be executed on the remote machine. ~p from [ to ] Send a file to a remote host. The put command causes the remote system to run the command Printed 4/6/89 1
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) string cat > to, while tip sends it the from file. If the to file isn't specified, the from filename is used. This command is actually a UTek specific version of the ~> command. ~t from [ to ] Take a file from a remote host. As in the put command, the to file defaults to the from filename if it isn't specified. The remote host executes the command string: cat from; echo <CTRL-A> to send the file to tip. ~| Pipe the output from a remote command to a local UTek process. The command string sent to the local UTek system is processed by the shell. ~# Send a BREAK to the remote system. ~s Set a variable (see the discussion below). ~<CTRL-Z> Suspend tip (only available with job control). ~{ Receive a text file from the remote host using the XMODEM protocol. Must issue the appropriate command to start XMODEM transfer before giving this escape to tip. Translation is performed from CP/M file format (CR/LF) to UTek text file format (LF). If beautify is set then all bytes have the parity bit removed for consistency with UTek editors. ~} Send a text file to the remote host using the XMODEM protocol. Translation is done from UTek text file format to CP/M format as dictated by the protocol. Must issue the XMODEM command on the remote host first. ~( Receive a binary file from the remote host using the XMODEM protocol. No translation is performed. ~) Send a binary file to the remote host using the XMODEM protocol. No translations are done, the file is sent as is. The protocol dictates that the last 128 byte sector be padded with control Z characters, so this may not be suitable for transfer between hosts. ~? Get a summary of the tip escape commands. Printed 4/6/89 2
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) Tip uses the file /etc/remote to find how to reach a particular system and to find out how it should operate while talking to the system; refer to remote(5n) for a full description. Each system uses a default baud rate to establish a connection. If this value is not suitable, the baud rate may be specified on the command line; e.g.: tip -300 mds When tip establishes a connection it sends out a connection message to the remote system; the default value, if any, is defined in /etc/remote. When tip prompts for an argument (for example, during setup of a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the standard erase and kill characters. A null line in response to a prompt, or an interrupt, aborts the dialogue and returns the connection to the remote machine. The tip program guards against multiple users connecting to a remote system by opening modems and terminal lines with exclusive access, and by honoring the locking protocol used by uucp. If the verbose variable is set on prior to a file transfer then tip provides a running count of the number of lines transferred. When using the ~> and ~< commands, the eofread and eofwrite variables are used to recognize end- of-file when reading, and specify end-of-file when writing (see the Permissions information). File transfers normally depend on tandem mode for flow control. If the remote system does not support tandem mode, echocheck may be set to indicate that tip should synchronize with the remote system on the echo of each transmitted character. When tip must dial a phone number to connect to a system, it prints various messages indicating its actions. The tip program supports the Racal-Vadic 831 auto-call-units; the Ventel 212+, Racal-Vadic 3451; the Bizcomp 1031 and 1032 integral call unit/modems; and the HAYES smart modem. This support is provided by the uucp Automatic Calling Unit library. Other modems will work if they have an emulation mode for one of the modems listed. Installation Name Permissions Owner __________________________________________ Files needed are: /bin/tip -rwsr-xr-x uucp /etc/remote -rw-r--r-- sys /usr/spool/uucp/LCK. drwxrwxrwx uucp Optional files are: Printed 4/6/89 3
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) /etc/phones -rw-r--r-- sys ~/.tiprc For Direct RS-232-C Connection You need the following equipment: An RS-232-C line to a target system. (Make sure you are able to login to the target system.) If you are establishing your connection through a DCE port (female connector) on your workstation (e.g., a Tektronix 6130, 4132, 4320 series, or 4330 series workstation), then you will need a modem adapter cable (Tek part # 012-1120-00). Its two male connectors plug into each of the female connectors on the target system and your workstation. It also switches the control lines so that two DCE ports can communicate as if they were a DCE/DTE pair. Conversely, if you are using your workstation's DTE port (e.g., a Tektronix 4405/06 Option 15 or a Tektronix 4310 series workstation), a standard RS-232-C male-female interconnect cable (Tek part # 012-0911-00) is required. This connects the workstation's DTE port (male connector) directly to the login line. Procedure: 1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys(5) file. Restart the init process by rebooting or sending it a hangup signal. The original line in the /etc/ttys file looks like this: 1yttyXX Retype the entry so it looks like this: 0yttyXX XX refers to the number of a tty port on your workstation that you want to use for your tip connection. 2. Type: kill -1 1 This sends the init process the hangup signal. The Init(8) command rereads the /etc/ttys file and turns off the login on port ttyXX. This prevents a login process Printed 4/6/89 4
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) from interfering with the port you are about to use for tip. 3. Use the chown command, specifying the tty port you are going to use for the tip connection to uucp. For example, type: /etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX 4. Put an entry in the /etc/remote file that describes the port you are going to use. For example, type: direct|direct 9600 baud line:\ :dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\ :oe=^A 5. Using the appropriate interconnect cable, connect the login line from the target machine to the port you have chosen on your workstation. 6. Type: tip direct and tip will open a 9600 baud connection to the target host (if you used the examples given here). For Modem Connection You need the following equipment: An appropriate interconnect cable as described previously. A modem that is supported by the uucp Automatic Calling Unit library. To make the connection, perform the following steps: 1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys file, as described in the section For Direct RS-232-C Connection. 2. Use the chown command, specifying the tty port you are going to use for the tip connection to uucp. For example, type: /etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX 3. Type an entry in the /etc/remote(5n) file that describes the port and modem you are going to use. For example, Printed 4/6/89 5
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) type: dial1200|1200 Baud Hayes :\ :dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#1200:du:at=hayes: 4. Connect your modem to your workstation using the appropriate interconnect cable. 5. Invoke tip. For example, type: tip dial1200 5551212 Sometimes you need to type a carriage return after the "connected" message to get a prompt. OPTIONS -v This option causes tip to display the setting of its variables as they are done by the .tiprc file in the users home directory. FILES /etc/remote Global system descriptions /etc/phones Global phone number database ${REMOTE} Environment variable specifying either the full path name of a private system descriptions file or a capability entry for the remote system named in the environment variable ${HOST} ${PHONES} Environment variable specifying the name of a private phone numbers file ~/.tiprc Initialization file /usr/spool/uucp/LCK./LCK..* Lock file to avoid conflicts with uucp DIAGNOSTICS These are the most common messages; there are many others. link down Tip displays this message when it cannot open the RS-232-C port. This will happen if a cable is not plugged in or if the cable that is used does not have the carrier detect pin connected. all ports busy This message is displayed when a lock file is present in the /usr/spool/uucp/LCK. directory for the port tip is trying to use. This means that some other user is using this port and tip is locked out for the time being. If a lock Printed 4/6/89 6
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) file is present inadvertently, and there really is no one else trying to use this port, remove the lock file for it. Example: rm /usr/spool/uucp/LCK./LCK..ttyXX where XX is the number of the tty device you wish to fix. VARIABLES Tip maintains a set of variables that control its operation. Some of these variables are read-only to normal users (root is allowed to change anything of interest). Variables may be displayed and set through the s escape. The syntax for variables is patterned after vi(1) and mail(1mh). Supplying all as an argument to the set ( ~s ) command displays all variables readable by the user. Alternatively, the user may request display of a particular variable by attaching a question mark ( ? ) to the end of the command line. For example, typing ~s escape? displays the current escape character. Variables are numeric, string, character, or Boolean values. Boolean variables are set merely by specifying their name; they may be reset by prepending an exclamation point ( ! ) to the name. Other variable types are set by concatenating an equal sign ( = ) and the value. The entire assignment must not have any blanks in it. A single set command may be used to interrogate as well as set a number of variables. Variables may be initialized at run-time by placing set commands without the escape-s ( ~s ) prefix in the file .tiprc in your home directory. The -v command line option causes tip to display the variable settings as they are made. Certain common variables have abbreviations. The following is a list of common variables, their abbreviations, and their default values. beautify (Bool) Discard unprintable characters when a session is being scripted; abbreviated be. baudrate (num) The baud rate at which the connection was established; abbreviated ba. dialtimeout (num) When dialing a phone number, the time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to be established; abbreviated dial. echocheck (Bool) Synchronize with the remote host during file transfer by waiting for the echo of the Printed 4/6/89 7
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) last character transmitted; default is off. eofread (str) The set of characters signifying an end- of-transmission during a ~< file transfer command; abbreviated eofr. eofwrite (str) The string sent to indicate end-of- transmission during a ~> file transfer command; abbreviated eofw. eol (str) The set of characters that indicate an end-of-line. Tip recognizes escape characters only after an end-of-line. escape (char) The command prefix (escape) character; abbreviated es; default value is a tilde ( ~ ). exceptions (str) The set of characters that should not be discarded due to the beautification switch; abbreviated ex; default value is \t\n\f\b. force (char) The character used to force literal data transmission; abbreviated fo; default value is <CTRL-P>. framesize (num) The amount of data (in bytes) to buffer between file system writes when receiving files; abbreviated fr. host (str) The name of the host to which you are connected; abbreviated ho. prompt (char) The character that indicates an end-of- line on the remote host; abbreviated pr; default value is \n. This value is used to synchronize during data transfers. The count of lines transferred during a file transfer command is based on receipt of this character. raise (Bool) Uppercase mapping mode; abbreviated ra; default value is off. When this mode is enabled, all lowercase letters are mapped to uppercase by tip for transmission to the remote machine. raisechar (char) The input character used to toggle uppercase mapping mode; abbreviated rc; default value is <CTRL-A>. record (str) The name of the file in which a session script is recorded; abbreviated rec; default value is tip.record. Printed 4/6/89 8
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) script (Bool) Session scripting mode; abbreviated sc; default is off. When script is true, tip records everything transmitted by the remote machine in the script record file specified in record. If the beautify switch is on, only printable ASCII characters are included in the script file (those characters between 040 and 0177) [ also on XMODEM text file receives]. tabexpand (Bool) Expand tabs to spaces during file transfers; abbreviated tab; default value is false. Each tab is expanded to eight spaces. verbose (Bool) Verbose mode; abbreviated verb; default is true. When verbose mode is enabled, tip prints messages while dialing, shows the current number of lines transferred during a file transfer operations, and more. SHELL (str) The name of the shell to use for the ~! command; default value is /bin/sh, or taken from the environment. HOME (str) The home directory to use for the ~c command; default value is taken from the environment. Examples of how to set tip variables: This is how variables are set up in the /etc/remote file: direct|direct 9600 baud line:\ :dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\ :oe=^A The ie and oe strings refer to the eofread and eofwrite variables described earlier. See the remote(5n) manual page for more details. This is how variables are set up using an escape-s ( ~s ) command. When tip answers, ~[set] is printed over your ~s. The escape character must be the first character typed on a line. Assuming that the dollar sign is your prompt you type: $~s tip types: ~[set] Printed 4/6/89 9
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N) You type: eofr=end_of_file_read_set RETURN VALUE [0] No errors. [nonzero] Errors occurred. CAVEATS The full set of variables is undocumented and should probably be pared down. REFERENCES Todino, Grace and O'Reilly, Tim. Managing UUCP and Usenet, Nutshell Handbooks. SEE ALSO uucp(1n), phones(5n), and remote(5n). Printed 4/6/89 10
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