GREP(1)                 COMMAND REFERENCE                 GREP(1)



NAME
     grep - search a file for a pattern

SYNOPSIS
     grep [ -E ] [ -c ] [ -h ] [ -i ] [ -l ] [ -n ] [ -s ] [ -v ]
     [ -w ] [ -y ] [ -e ] pattern [ filename ... ]

DESCRIPTION
     Grep searches the input files (standard input default) for
     lines matching a pattern.  Normally, each line found is
     copied to the standard output.  Grep patterns are limited
     regular expressions in the style of ex(1); it uses a compact
     nondeterministic algorithm.

     The filename is shown if there is more than one input file
     (see the -h option).  Care should be taken when using the
     characters $ * [ ^ | ( ) < > and \ in the expression as they
     are also meaningful to the Shell. It is safest to enclose
     the entire expression argument in single quotes.

OPTIONS
     -E Print matching lines in the form :
        filename, line linenumber : matching line

     -c Only a count of matching lines is printed.

     -e expression
        Same as a simple expression argument, but useful when the
        expression begins with a -.

     -h Suppresses printing of file names when more than one file
        name is given.

     -i, -y
        Ignore case of characters specified as lower case.  This
        option transforms lower case letters that are not inside
        of brackets into an expression of the form `[Xx]'.  For
        example, the expression `AbcD [xyz]' is transformed into
        `A[Bb][Cc]D [xyz]'.

     -l The names of files with matching lines are listed (once)
        separated by newlines.  If this option is given when
        reading from standard input, grep simply exits with a
        value of 1.

     -n Each line is preceded by its relative line number in the
        file.

     -s Silent mode. Nothing is printed (except error messages).
        This is useful for checking the error status.

     -v All lines but those matching are printed.



Printed 4/6/89                                                  1

GREP(1)                 COMMAND REFERENCE                 GREP(1)



     -w The entire expression is treated as though it were
        enclosed in \<...\> . This syntax, which is also
        available to grep expressions, causes the expression to
        be treated as a 'word' (see ex(1))

EXAMPLES
     The following example prints all lines in the file example
     which contain the word "This" at the beginning of the line
     and a '.' at the end of the line. Note that the word "This"
     must be followed by spaces and/or tabs (^I) in this case, so
     a pattern like "Thise" will not be matched.

          grep '^This[ ^I]*.*.' example

     This example prints the names of all of the files in the
     current directory which contain the characters 'a', 'b', or
     'x'. Each line found is preceded by the name of the file it
     was found in.

          grep -l '[abx]' *

     This example searches for the word 'john' in the file
     /etc/passwd.  In the first invocation, all lines containing
     'john' are printed, such as those containing 'johnny'. In
     the second and third invocations, only those lines
     containing 'john' with no alphabetic characters surrounding
     it are found.

          grep 'john' /etc/passwd
          grep -w 'john' /etc/passwd
          grep '\<john\>' /etc/passwd

RETURN VALUE
     [0]            No errors occurred and at least one match was
                    found.

     [USAGE]        Incorrect command line syntax. Execution
                    terminated.

     [1]            No errors occured but no matches were found.

     [NP_ERR]       An error occurred that was not a system
                    error.  Execution terminated.

     [P_ERR]        A system error occurred. Execution
                    terminated.  See intro(2) for more
                    information on system errors.

CAVEATS
     If one of the input files is the same as the output, as in
     the example ``egrep re * > out'', that input file is not
     searched in order to prevent problems.  No message is



Printed 4/6/89                                                  2

GREP(1)                 COMMAND REFERENCE                 GREP(1)



     printed in this case.  If the old functionality is required,
     pipe the output through cat(1).

     A null character in an input line causes all characters
     between the null character and the end of the line to be
     ignored. To match a pattern in a line containing null
     characters, use egrep or fgrep.

     Lines are limited to 1024 characters; longer lines are
     truncated.

     The precedence of the output specification options is -c,
     -E, and -l, which turn off the -n option and the printing of
     the file name and matching line.

     Tests show that egrep(1) is the fastest of the pattern
     searching commands.

SEE ALSO
     egrep(1), error(1), ex(1), fgrep(1), regcmp(1), sed(1), and
     sh(1sh).


































Printed 4/6/89                                                  3

%%index%%
na:240,86;
sy:326,497;
de:823,875;
op:1698,1581;3591,360;
ex:3951,1150;
rv:5101,661;
ca:5762,263;6337,885;
se:7222,263;
%%index%%000000000153