CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) NAME cpio - copy file archives in and out SYNOPSIS cpio -i [ [ -B ] [ -F number ] [ -N size ] [ -P prompt ] [ -R path ] [ -S ] [ -V volume ] [ -b ] [ -c ] [ -d ] [ -f ] [ -m ] [ -n blocks ] [ -r ] [ -s ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -v ] [ -6 ] ] [ patterns ] cpio -o [ -B ] [ -N size ] [ -P prompt ] [ -V volume ] [ -a ] [ -c ] [ -n blocks ] [ -v ] ] cpio -p [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -l ] [ -m ] [ -r ] [ -u ] [ -v ] ] directory DESCRIPTION Cpio -i (copy in) extracts files from the standard input which is assumed to be the product of a previous cpio -o. Only files with names that match patterns are selected. Patterns are given in the name-generating notation of sh(1sh). In patterns, meta-characters ?, *, and [...] match the slash / character. Multiple patterns may be specified and if no patterns are specified, the default for patterns is * (for example, select all files). The extracted files are conditionally created and copied into the current directory tree based upon the options described below. This procedure is usually used to extract files from a cpio archive file or tape. Cpio -o (copy out) reads the standard input to obtain a list of pathnames and copies those files onto the standard output together with pathname and status information. The normal procedure is to redirect the standard output to a file or device (such as a tape drive), thus archiving the files. Cpio -p (pass) reads the standard input to obtain a list of pathnames of files that are conditionally created and copied into the destination directory tree based upon the options described below. This is similar to using cp(1) with the -r option. Multi-Volume Archives Cpio with the options -i and -o has the ability to handle multi-volume files. The name of the device that data is to be read from or written to can be specified by the -V option. The number of 512-byte blocks on a volume can be specified with the -n option (if this is not specified, cpio goes until the system says the volume is full or empty). Printed 4/6/89 1
CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) When the volume is full or empty, the program enters an interactive mode and prints the message: No more (data or space) on (Volume). followed by a short explanation, which may either be the default explanation or the text specified by the -P option. If a device or filename was specified with the -V option, or if a device or filename was specified in interactive mode before, the same file or device can be used by typing return. If no device or file has been named, the name of the device or file to be used must be entered. (The exception to this is when cpio was invoked to read or write a regular file. In this case, typing return will cause cpio to continue using the same file.) In case of disk or tape, this should be the same device name that was used when the command was invoked. When using tapes or diskettes in this mode, you must have the new tape or diskette ready to read or write before you hit return. This information is also supplied during interactive mode. It is important to note that any type of file can be read or written in this mode. This makes it possible to break up archives into smaller pieces for easier transport. Portability Cpio archive headers contain the device numbers of the files on the archives. The standard device number is 16 bits wide, but it may be longer on some systems. This version of cpio handles this difference in a portable way. On systems with longer device numbers, device numbers for regular files are hashed so that they will fit in the header and still be unique for purposes of relinking. Device numbers for special files are marked specially and stored in the data area. Because of this possible difference, cpio archives should not be extracted (with -i ) by the superuser. OPTIONS -6 Process an old file (for example, UNIX System Sixth Edition format). Only useful with -i (copy in). -B Input/output is to be blocked 5,120 bytes to the record (does not apply to the pass option; meaningful only with data directed to or from tape or floppy disk. Printed 4/6/89 2
CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) -F number Stop extracting or listing after number files have been extracted/listed. This is only usable with the -i option. -N size Input/output is to be blocked size times 512 bytes to the record (does not apply to the pass option; meaningful only with data directed to or from tape of floppy disk. The -B option is equivalent to -N 10. (See CAVEATS.) -P prompt Print the given text instead of the default media change text (see Multi-volume Archives above). The text is printed as given, with no special processing done. -R path Copy relative to path. The given path is prepended to all names beginning with a /. This action takes place before the rename (-r option) process. This is only usable with the -i option. -S Swap half words. Use only with the -i option. -V volume Specifies the name of the file or device to read/write. Can not be used with -p. -a Reset access and modification times of input files after they have been copied. -b Swap both bytes and half words. Use only with the -i option. -c Write header information in ASCII character form for portability. -d Directories are to be created as needed. -f Copy in all files except those in patterns. -i Extracts files from the standard input which is assumed to be the product of a previous cpio -o. -l Whenever possible, link files rather than copying them. Usable only with the -p option. -m Retain previous file modification time. This option is ineffective on directories that are being copied. -n blocks Specifies the number of 512-byte blocks that can be read Printed 4/6/89 3
CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) from or written to the volume (does not require the -V option). When this number is reached, the program enters interactive mode so that a new volume can be mounted. Cannot be used with the -p option. -o Reads the standard input to obtain a list of pathnames and copies those files onto the standard output together with pathname and status information. -p Reads the standard input to obtain a list of pathnames of files that are conditionally created and copied into the destination directory tree based upon the options. -r Interactively renames files. If the user types a null line, the file is skipped. -s Swap bytes. Use only with the -i option. -t Print a table of contents of the input. No files are created. -u Copy unconditionally (normally, an older file will not replace a newer file with the same name). -v Verbose: causes a list of filenames to be printed. When used with the -t option, the table of contents looks similar to the output of an ls -l command (see ls(1)). EXAMPLES The first example below copies the contents of a directory into an archive; the second duplicates a directory hierarchy: ls | cpio -o >/dev/mt0 cd olddir find . -print | cpio -pdl newdir This next example shows a typical use of cpio to archive a directory and all subdirectories and place the archive in the file ``arch.cpio''. find dir -print | cpio -ov -V arch.cpio The trivial case: find . -print | cpio -oB >/dev/rmt0 can be handled more efficiently by: find . -cpio /dev/rmt0 Printed 4/6/89 4
CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) RETURN VALUE [NO_ERRS] Command completed without error. [1] The user quit while changing volume. [USAGE] Incorrect command line syntax. Execution terminated. [NP_WARN] An error warranting a warning message occurred. Execution continues. [NP_ERR] An error occurred that was not a system error. Execution terminated. [P_WARN] A system error occurred. Execution continues. See intro(2) for more information on system errors. [P_ERR] A system error occurred. Execution terminated. See intro(2) for more information on system errors. CAVEATS The output from the -v option is placed on the standard error. See the manual page for the shell being used for information on redirecting the standard error. On some versions of the UNIX operating system, pathnames in cpio archives are restricted to 128 characters. This version restricts pathnames to the system maximum (currently 1024); thus, the resulting archives may be unportable. If there are too many unique linked files, the program runs out of memory to keep track of them and, thereafter, linking information is lost. Cpio does not know about symbolic links, but since it is usually used with find, there is little danger of getting into loops. Also, instead of archiving or copying symbolic links, cpio copies the files pointed to by the links, if they exist. Only the superuser can copy special files. The editors ex, vi, e, edit, and view, and the programs more and page will not allow the editing or displaying of non- ASCII cpio archives. ASCII cpio archives are not restricted. When using cpio with a streaming tape drive, the option -N 256 should be used in order to keep the tape streaming. Printed 4/6/89 5
CPIO(1) COMMAND REFERENCE CPIO(1) SEE ALSO ar(1), cp(1), file(1), find(1), tar(1), and cpio(5). Printed 4/6/89 6
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