NAME

intro − introduction to system maintenance and operation commands

DESCRIPTION

This section contains information related to system bootstrapping, operation and maintenance. It describes all the server processes and daemons that run on the system, as well as standalone (PROM monitor) programs. 

Disk formatting and labeling is done by format(8S).  Bootstrapping of the system is described in boot(8S) and init(8).  The standard set of commands run by the system when it boots is described in rc(8).  Related commands include those that check the consistency of file systems, fsck(8); those that mount and unmount file systems, mount(8); add swap devices, swapon(8); force completion of outstanding file system I/O, sync(2); shutdown or reboot a running system shutdown(8), halt(8), and reboot(8); and, set the time on a machine from the time on another machine rdate(8). 

Creation of file systems is discussed in mkfs(8) and newfs(8).  File system performance parameters can be adjusted with tunefs(8).  File system backups and restores are described in dump(8) and restore(8). 

Procedures for adding new users to a system are described in adduser(8), using vipw(8) to lock the password file during editing.  crash(8S) which describes what happens when the system crashes, savecore(8) and analyze(8), which can be used to analyze system crash dumps.  Occasionally useful as adjuncts to the fsck(8) file system repair program are clri(8), dcheck(8), icheck(8), and ncheck(8). 

Configuring a new version of the kernel requires using the program config(8); major system bootstraps often require the use of mkproto(8).  New devices are added to the /dev directory (once device drivers are configured into the system) using makedev(8) and mknod(8).  The installboot(8S) command can be used to install freshly compiled programs.  The catman(8) command preformats the on-line manual pages. 

Resource accounting is enabled by the accton command, and summarized by sa(8).  Login time accounting is performed by ac(8).  Disk quotas are managed using quot(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), and repquota(8). 

A number of servers and daemon processes are described in this section.  The update(8) daemon forces delayed file system I/O to occur and cron(8) runs periodic events (such as removing temporary files from the disk periodically).  The syslogd(8) daemon maintains the system error log.  The init(8) process is the initial process created when the system boots.  It manages the reboot process and creates the initial login prompts on the various system terminals, using getty(8).  The Internet super-server inetd(8C) invokes all other internet servers as needed.  These servers include the remote shell servers rshd(8C) and rexecd(8C), the remote login server rlogind(8C), the FTP and TELNET daemons ftpd(8C), and telnetd(8C), the TFTP daemon tftpd(8C), and the mail arrival notification daemon comsat(8C).  Other network daemons include the ‘load average/who is logged in’ daemon rwhod(8C), the routing daemon routed(8C), and the mail daemon sendmail(8). 

If network protocols are being debugged, then the protocol debugging trace program trpt(8C) is often useful.  Remote magnetic tape access is provided by rsh and rmt(8C).  Remote line printer access is provided by lpd(8), and control over the various print queues is provided by lpc(8).  Printer cost-accounting is done through pac(8). 

Network host tables may be gotten from the ARPA NIC using gettable(8C) and converted to UNIX-system-usable format using htable(8). 

RPC and NFS daemons

RPC and NFS daemons include:

portmap used by RPC based services. 

ypbind used by the Yellow Pages to locate the Yellow Pages server. 

biod used by NFS clients to read ahead to, and write behind from, network file systems. 

nfsd the NFS server process that responds to NFS requests on NFS server machines. 

ypserv the Yellow Pages server, typically run on each NFS server. 

rstatd the server counterpart of the remote speedometer tools. 

mountd the mount server that runs on NFS server machines and responds to requests by other machines to mount file systems. 

rwalld used for broadcasting messages over the network. 

LIST OF MAINTENANCE COMMANDS

NameAppears on PageDescription
acac(8) login accounting
acctonsa(8) system accounting
adbgenadbgen(8) generate adb script
adduseradduser(8) procedure for adding new users
arparp(8C) address resolution display and control
auditaudit(8) audit trail maintenance
audit_warnaudit_warn(8) audit space low warning script
auditdauditd(8) audit daemon
automountautomount(8) automatically mount NFS file systems
biodnfsd(8) NFS daemons
bootboot(8S) start the system kernel or a standalone program
bootparamdbootparamd(8) boot parameter server
captoinfocaptoinfo(8V) convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
catmancatman(8) create the cat files for the manual
chownchown(8) change owner
chrootchroot(8) change root directory for a command
clientclient(8) add/remove diskless systems
clriclri(8) clear i-node
comsatcomsat(8C) biff server
configconfig(8) build system configuration files
crashcrash(8S) what happens when the system crashes
croncron(8) clock daemon
dcheckdcheck(8) file system directory consistency check
dkinfodkinfo(8) report information about a disk’s geometry and partitioning
dmesgdmesg(8) collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
dumpdump(8) incremental file system dump
dumpfsdumpfs(8) dump file system information
edquotaedquota(8) edit user quotas
eepromeeprom(8S) Sun-3 EEPROM display and load utility
etherdetherd(8C) Ethernet statistics server
etherfindetherfind(8C) find packets on Ethernet
exportfsexportfs(8) export and unexport directories to NFS clients
fastbootfastboot(8) reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fasthaltfastboot(8) reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fingerdfingerd(8C) remote user information server
formatformat(8S) disk partitioning and maintenance utility
fparelfparel(8) Sun FPA online reliability tests
fpaversionfpaversion(8) print FPA version
fsckfsck(8) file system consistency check and interactive repair
fsirandfsirand(8) install random inode generation numbers
ftpdftpd(8C) DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
gettablegettable(8C) get DoD Internet format host table from a host
gettygetty(8) set terminal mode
gpconfiggpconfig(8) initialize the Graphics Processor
grpckgrpck(8) check group database entries
halthalt(8) stop the processor
htablehtable(8) convert DoD Internet format host table
icheckicheck(8) file system storage consistency check
ifconfigifconfig(8C) configure network interface parameters
inetdinetd(8C) Internet services daemon
infocmpinfocmp(8V) compare or print out terminfo descriptions
initinit(8) process control initialization
installbootboot(8S) start the system kernel or a standalone program
iostatiostat(8) report I/O statistics
ipallocdipallocd(8C) Ethernet-to-IP address allocator
kadbkadb(8S) adb-like kernel and standalone-program debugger
keyenvoykeyenvoy(8C) talk to keyserver
keyservkeyserv(8C) server for storing public and private keys
kgmonkgmon(8) generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
ldconfigldconfig(8) configure cache for ld.so
linklink(8) exercise link and unlink system calls
lockdlockd(8C) network lock daemon
logintoollogintool(8) graphic login interface
lpclpc(8) line printer control program
lpdlpd(8) printer daemon
mailstatsmailstats(8) print statistics collected by sendmail
MAKEDBMmakedbm(8) make a Yellow Pages dbm file
MAKEDEVmakedev(8) make system special files
makekeymakekey(8) generate encryption key
mc68881versionmc68881version(8) print the MC68881 mask number and approximate clock rate
mconnectmconnect(8) connect to SMTP mail server socket
mkfsmkfs(8) construct a file system
mknodmknod(8) build special file
mkprotomkproto(8) construct a prototype file system
modloadmodload(8) load a loadable module
modstatmodstat(8) display status of loadable modules
modunloadmodunload(8) unload a loadable module
monitormonitor(8S) system ROM monitor
mountmount(8) mount and dismount filesystems
mountdmountd(8C) NFS mount request server
namednamed(8C) Internet domain name server
ncheckncheck(8) generate names from i-numbers
ndbootdndbootd(8C) ND boot block server
netconfignetconfig(8C) PNP boot service
netstatnetstat(8C) show network status
newaliasesnewaliases(8) rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newfsnewfs(8) construct a new file system
newkeynewkey(8) create a new key in the publickey database
nfsdnfsd(8) NFS daemons
nfsstatnfsstat(8C) Network File System statistics
pacpac(8) printer/plotter accounting information
pingping(8C) send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
pnp.s386pnpboot(8C) PNP diskless boot service
pnpbootpnpboot(8C) PNP diskless boot service
pnpdpnpd(8C) PNP daemon
portmapportmap(8C) DARPA port to RPC program number mapper
prauditpraudit(8) print contents of an audit trail file
pstatpstat(8) print system facts
pwckpwck(8) check password database entries
pwdauthdpwdauthd(8C) server for authenticating passwords
quotquot(8) summarize file system ownership
quotacheckquotacheck(8) file system quota consistency checker
quotaoffquotaon(8) turn file system quotas on and off
quotaonquotaon(8) turn file system quotas on and off
rarpdrarpd(8C) DARPA Reverse Address Resolution Protocol service
rc.bootrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rc.localrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rcrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rdaterdate(8C) set system date from a remote host
rdumpdump(8) incremental file system dump
rebootreboot(8) restart the operating system
renicerenice(8) alter priority of running processes
repquotarepquota(8) summarize quotas for a file system
restorerestore(8) incremental file system restore
rexdrexd(8C) RPC-based remote execution server
rexecdrexecd(8C) remote execution server
rlogindrlogind(8C) remote login server
rmailrmail(8C) handle remote mail received via uucp
rmtrmt(8C) remote magtape protocol module
routeroute(8C) manually manipulate the routing tables
routedrouted(8C) network routing daemon
rpcinforpcinfo(8C) report RPC information
rquotadrquotad(8C) remote quota server
rrestorerestore(8) incremental file system restore
rshdrshd(8C) remote shell server
rstatdrstatd(8C) kernel statistics server
rusersdrusersd(8C) network username server
rwalldrwalld(8C) network rwall server
rwhodrwhod(8C) system status server
sasa(8) system accounting
savecoresavecore(8) save a core dump of the operating system
sendmailsendmail(8) send mail over the internet
setup_clientsetup_client(8) create or remove a nfs client on a 4.0 server.
setup_execsetup_exec(8) install architecture-dependent executable files
showmountshowmount(8) show all remote mounts
shutdownshutdown(8) close down the system at a given time
sprayspray(8C) spray packets
spraydsprayd(8C) spray server
statdstatd(8C) network status monitor
stickysticky(8) persistent text and append-only directories
suninstallsuninstall(8) SunOS software installation program
swaponswapon(8) specify additional device for paging and swapping
sysdiagsysdiag(8) system diagnostics
syslogdsyslogd(8) log system messages
talkdtalkd(8C) server for talk program
telnetdtelnetd(8C) DARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpdtftpd(8C) DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
tictic(8V) terminfo compiler
timedtimed(8C) DARPA Time server
tnamedtnamed(8C) DARPA Trivial name server
trpttrpt(8C) transliterate protocol trace
tunefstunefs(8) tune up an existing file system
umountmount(8) mount and dismount filesystems
unconfigureunconfigure(8) reset the network configuration for a system
unlinklink(8) exercise link and unlink system calls
updateupdate(8) periodically update the super block
uucleanuuclean(8C) uucp spool directory clean-up
vipwvipw(8) edit the password file
vmstatvmstat(8) report virtual memory statistics
ypbindypserv(8) Yellow Pages server and binder processes
ypinitypinit(8) build and install Yellow Pages database
ypmakeypmake(8) rebuild Yellow Pages database
yppasswddyppasswdd(8C) server for modifying Yellow Pages password file
yppollyppoll(8) what version of a YP map is at a YP server host
yppushyppush(8) force propagation of a changed YP map
ypservypserv(8) Yellow Pages server and binder processes
ypsetypset(8) point ypbind at a particular server
ypupdatedypupdated(8C) server for changing yp information
ypwhichypwhich(8) what machine is the YP server?
ypxfrypxfr(8) transfer YP map from a YP server to here
zdumpzdump(8) time zone dumper
ziczic(8) time zone compiler

Sun Release 4.0  —  Last change: 17 November 1987