| adb | debugger |
| addbib | create or extend bibliographic database |
| adjacentscreens | notify the window driver of the physical relationships of screens |
| admin | create and administer SCCS files |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| as | mc68000 assembler |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| basename | strip filename affixes |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| biff | mail alarm |
| /bin/mail, binmail | send or receive mail among users |
| cal | display calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | concatenate and display |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| cc | C compiler |
| compact, uncompact, ccat | compress and uncompress files, and cat them |
| cd | change working directory |
| cdc | change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta |
| eqn, neqn, checkeq | typeset mathematics |
| checknews | check if user has news on the USENET news network |
| checknr | check nroff/troff files |
| chgrp | change group |
| chmod | change mode |
| chsh | change default login shell |
| clear | clear workstation or terminal screen |
| cmp | compare two files |
| col | filter reverse paper motions |
| colcrt | filter nroff output for CRT previewing |
| colrm | remove columns from a file |
| comb | combine SCCS deltas |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| uncompact, ccat, compact | compress and uncompress files, and cat them |
| cp | copy files |
| cpio | copy file archives in and out |
| cpp | the C language preprocessor |
| crypt | encode/decode |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax |
| ctags | create a tags file |
| date | display or set the date |
| dbx | debugger |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| delta | make a delta (change) to an SCCS file |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs |
| df | report free disk space on file systems |
| diff | differential file and directory comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| ex, edit | text editor |
| grep, fgrep, egrep | search a file for a pattern |
| xsend, xget, enroll | secret mail |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | typeset mathematics |
| error | analyze and disperse compiler error messages |
| edit, ex | text editor |
| unexpand, expand | expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| eyacc | modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery |
| f77 | FORTRAN-77 compiler |
| true, false | provide truth values |
| grep, egrep, fgrep | search a file for a pattern |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| fmt | simple text formatter |
| fold | fold long lines for finite width output device |
| fpr | print Fortran file |
| from | who is my mail from? |
| fsplit | split a multi-routine Fortran file into individual files |
| gcore | get core images of running processes |
| get | get a version of an SCCS file |
| gprof | display call graph profile data |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| groups | show group memberships |
| head | display first few lines of specified files |
| help | ask for help |
| hostid | print identifier of current host system |
| hostname | set or print name of current host system |
| indent | indent and format C program source |
| indxbib | make inverted index to a bibliography lookbib − find references in a bibliography |
| inews | submit news articles |
| install | install files |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| join | relational database operator |
| kill | send a signal to a process, or terminate a process |
| last | indicate last logins of users and teletypes |
| lastcomm | show last commands executed in reverse order |
| ld | link editor |
| leave | remind you when you have to leave |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| ln | make links |
| lockscreen | maintain window context until “login” |
| login | sign on |
| look | find lines in a sorted list |
| indxbib, lookbib | make inverted index to a bibliography lookbib − find references in a bibliography |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library |
| lpq | spool queue examination program |
| lpr | off line print |
| lprm | remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m4 | macro processor |
| mail | send and receive mail |
| make | maintain program groups |
| man | print out manual pages; find manual information by keywords |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mkstr | create an error message file by massaging C source |
| page, more | browse through a text file |
| mt | magnetic tape manipulating program |
| mv | move or rename files |
| eqn, checkeq, neqn | typeset mathematics |
| nohup, nice | run a command at low priority (sh only) |
| nm | print name list |
| nice, nohup | run a command at low priority (sh only) |
| nroff | text formatting and typesetting |
| od | octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump |
| more, page | browse through a text file |
| pagesize | print system page size |
| passwd | change login password |
| pc | Pascal compiler |
| perfmon | graphical display of general system statistics |
| pi | Pascal interpreter code translator |
| pix | Pascal interpreter and executor |
| pmerge | pascal file merger |
| postnews | submit news articles |
| pr | print file(s), possibly in multiple columns |
| printenv | print out the environment |
| prmail | print out waiting mail |
| prof | display profile data |
| prs | print an SCCS file |
| ps | process status |
| pti | phototypesetter interpreter |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | print working directory name |
| px | Pascal interpreter |
| pxp | Pascal execution profiler |
| pxref | Pascal cross-reference program |
| ranlib | convert archives to random libraries |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect |
| readnews | read news articles |
| refer | find and insert literature references in documents |
| reset | reset the teletype bits to a sensible state |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rmdir, rm | remove (unlink) files or directories |
| rmdel | remove a delta from an SCCS file |
| rm, rmdir | remove (unlink) directories or files |
| roffbib | run off bibliographic database |
| sact | print current SCCS file editing activity |
| sccs | front end for the SCCS subsystem |
| sccsdiff | compare two versions of an SCCS file |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| sed | stream editor |
| for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait, sh | command language |
| size | size of an object file |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| soelim | eliminate .so’s from nroff input |
| sort | sort or merge files |
| sortbib | sort bibliographic database |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| spell, spellout, spellin | find spelling errors |
| spell, spellin, spellout | find spelling errors |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| strings | find printable strings in an object, or other binary, file |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits |
| stty | set terminal options |
| su | substitute user id temporarily |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| sun | is current machine a sun workstation |
| suntools | the Suntools window environment |
| sync | update the super block |
| syslog | make system log entry |
| tail | display the last part of a file |
| talk | talk to another user |
| tar | tape archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tee | copy standard output to many files |
| tektool | Tektronix 4014 terminal emulator tool |
| test | condition command |
| time | time a command |
| touch | update date last modified of a file |
| tr | translate characters |
| troff | typeset or format documents |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| tset | establish terminal characteristics for the environment |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get terminal name |
| ul | do underlining |
| compact, ccat, uncompact | compress and uncompress files, and cat them |
| expand, unexpand | expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa |
| unget | undo a previous get of an SCCS file |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| uptime | show how long system has been up |
| users | compact list of users who are on the system |
| val | validate SCCS file |
| vax | is current machine a vax |
| vgrind | grind nice listings of programs |
| vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex |
| vi, view | view a file without changing it using the vi visual editor |
| vplot | plot graphics on the Versatec |
| vswap | convert a foreign font file |
| w | who is on and what they are doing |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wall | write to all users |
| wc | word count |
| what | identify the version of files |
| whatis | describe what a command is |
| whereis | locate source, binary, and/or manual for program |
| which | locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh only) |
| who | who is on the system |
| whoami | display effective current username |
| write | write to another user |
| xsend, enroll, xget | secret mail |
| xget, enroll, xsend | secret mail |
| xstr | extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| yes | be repetitively affirmative |
| accept | accept a connection on a socket |
| access | determine accessibility of file |
| acct | turn accounting on or off |
| bind | bind a name to a socket |
| sbrk, brk | change data segment size |
| chdir | change current working directory |
| fchmod, chmod | change mode of file |
| fchown, chown | change owner and group of a file |
| chroot | change root directory |
| close | delete a descriptor |
| connect | initiate a connection on a socket |
| creat | create a new file |
| dup2, dup | duplicate a descriptor |
| dup, dup2 | duplicate a descriptor |
| execve | execute a file |
| _exit, exit | terminate a process |
| chmod, fchmod | change mode of file |
| chown, fchown | change owner and group of a file |
| fcntl | file control |
| flock | apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file |
| fork | create a new process |
| stat, lstat, fstat | get file status |
| fsync | synchronize a file’s in-core state with that on disk |
| truncate, ftruncate | truncate a file to a specified length |
| getdtablesize | get descriptor table size |
| getgid, getegid | get group identity |
| getuid, geteuid | get user identity |
| getegid, getgid | get group identity |
| getgroups | get group access list |
| gethostid | get unique identifier of current host |
| sethostname, gethostname | get/set name of current host |
| setitimer, getitimer | get/set value of interval timer |
| getpagesize | get system page size |
| getpeername | get name of connected peer |
| getpgrp | get process group |
| getppid, getpid | get process identification |
| getpid, getppid | get process identification |
| setpriority, getpriority | get/set program scheduling priority |
| setrlimit, getrlimit | control maximum system resource consumption |
| getrusage | get information about resource utilization |
| getsockname | get socket name |
| setsockopt, getsockopt | get and set options on sockets |
| settimeofday, gettimeofday | get/set date and time |
| geteuid, getuid | get user identity |
| intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| ioctl | control device |
| kill | send signal to a process |
| killpg | send signal to a process group |
| link | make a hard link to a file |
| listen | listen for connections on a socket |
| tell, lseek | move read/write pointer |
| stat, fstat, lstat | get file status |
| mkdir | make a directory file |
| mknod | make a special file |
| mmap | map pages of memory |
| umount, mount | mount or remove file system |
| munmap | unmap pages of memory |
| open | open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file |
| pipe | create an interprocess communication channel |
| profil | execution time profile |
| ptrace | process trace |
| quota | manipulate disk quotas |
| readv, read | read input |
| readlink | read value of a symbolic link |
| read, readv | read input |
| reboot | reboot system or halt processor |
| recvfrom, recvmsg, recv | receive a message from a socket |
| recv, recvmsg, recvfrom | receive a message from a socket |
| recv, recvfrom, recvmsg | receive a message from a socket |
| rename | change the name of a file |
| rmdir | remove a directory file |
| brk, sbrk | change data segment size |
| select | synchronous I/O multiplexing |
| sendto, sendmsg, send | send a message from a socket |
| send, sendto, sendmsg | send a message from a socket |
| send, sendmsg, sendto | send a message from a socket |
| setgroups | set group access list |
| gethostname, sethostname | get/set name of current host |
| getitimer, setitimer | get/set value of interval timer |
| setpgrp | set process group |
| getpriority, setpriority | get/set program scheduling priority |
| setquota | enable/disable quotas on a file system |
| setregid | set real and effective group ID |
| setreuid | set real and effective user ID’s |
| getrlimit, setrlimit | control maximum system resource consumption |
| getsockopt, setsockopt | get and set options on sockets |
| gettimeofday, settimeofday | get/set date and time |
| shutdown | shut down part of a full-duplex connection |
| sigblock | block signals |
| sigpause | atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt |
| sigsetmask | set current signal mask |
| sigstack | set and/or get signal stack context |
| sigvec | software signal facilities |
| socket | create an endpoint for communication |
| socketpair | create a pair of connected sockets |
| lstat, fstat, stat | get file status |
| swapon | add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping |
| symlink | make symbolic link to a file |
| sync | update super-block |
| syscall | indirect system call |
| ftruncate, truncate | truncate a file to a specified length |
| umask | set file creation mode mask |
| mount, umount | mount or remove file system |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| utimes | set file times |
| vadvise | give advice to paging system |
| vfork | spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way |
| vhangup | virtually “hangup” the current control terminal |
| wait3, wait | wait for process to terminate or stop |
| wait, wait3 | wait for process to terminate or stop |
| writev, write | write on a file |
| write, writev | write on a file |
| abort | generate a fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| assert | program verification |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs, bstring | bit and byte string operations |
| setkey, encrypt, crypt | DES encryption |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, dysize, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, isgraph, toupper, tolower, toascii, ctype | character classification and conversion macros |
| opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir, directory | directory operations |
| fcvt, gcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| execv, execle, execlp, execvp, environ, execl | execute a file |
| exit | terminate a process after flushing any pending output |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| getdate | convert time and date from ASCII |
| getenv | value for environment name |
| getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent, getfsent | get file system descriptor file entry |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| getpass | read a password |
| getpw | get name from uid |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| getwd | get current working directory pathname |
| initgroups | initialize group access list |
| remque, insque | insert/remove element from a queue |
| intro | introduction to library functions |
| isnan, isinf | test for indeterminate floating point values |
| free, realloc, calloc, cfree, alloca, malloc | memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| monstartup, moncontrol, monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, errno, perror | system error messages |
| sys_siglist, psignal | system signal messages |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srandom, initstate, setstate, random | better random number generator; routines for changing generators |
| re_comp, re_exec, regex | regular expression handler |
| alphasort, scandir | scan a directory |
| setuid, seteuid, setruid, setegid, setrgid, setgid | set user and group ID |
| longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid, setuid | set user and group ID |
| signal | simplified software signal facilities |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex, string | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| openlog, closelog, syslog | control system log |
| system | issue a shell command |
| isatty, ttyslot, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| valloc | aligned memory allocator |
| varargs | variable argument list |
| abort | terminate abruptly with memory image |
| access | determine accessability of a file |
| alarm | execute a subroutine after a specified time |
| chdir | change default directory |
| chmod | change mode of a file |
| exit | terminate process with status |
| flush | flush output to a logical unit |
| fork | create a copy of this process |
| intro, fortran | introduction to FORTRAN library functions |
| ftell, fseek | reposition a file on a logical unit |
| iargc, getarg | return command line arguments |
| fgetc, getc | get a character from a logical unit |
| getcwd | get pathname of current working directory |
| getenv | get value of environment variables |
| getfd | get the file descriptor of an external unit number |
| getlog | get user’s login name |
| getpid | get process id |
| getgid, getuid | get user or group ID of the caller |
| hostnm | get name of current host |
| itime, idate | return date or time in numerical form |
| rindex, lnblnk, len, index | tell about character objects |
| intro | introduction to FORTRAN library functions |
| ioinit | change f77 I/O initialization |
| kill | send a signal to a process |
| symlnk, link | make a link to an existing file |
| loc | return the address of an object |
| gerror, ierrno, perror | get system error messages |
| fputc, putc | write a character to a FORTRAN logical unit |
| qsort | quick sort |
| flmin, flmax, dflmin, dflmax, inmax, range | return extreme values |
| rename | rename a file |
| signal | change the action for a signal |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| system | execute a UNIX command |
| tclose, tread, twrite, trewin, tskipf, tstate, topen | f77 tape I/O |
| fpecnt, trpfpe | trap and repair floating point faults |
| isatty, ttynam | find name of a terminal port |
| unlink | remove a directory entry |
| wait | wait for a process to terminate |
| ac | login accounting |
| sa, accton | system accounting |
| adbgen | generate adb script |
| adduser | procedure for adding new users |
| analyze | Virtual UNIX postmortem crash analyzer |
| catman | create the cat files for the manual |
| chown | change owner |
| clri | clear i-node |
| config | build system configuration files |
| cron | clock daemon |
| dcheck | file system directory consistency check |
| dmesg | collect system diagnostic messages to form error log |
| dump | incremental file system dump |
| dumpfs | dump file system information |
| expire | remove outdated news articles |
| fasthalt, fastboot | reboot/halt the system without checking the disks |
| fsck | file system consistency check and interactive repair |
| getty | set terminal mode |
| halt | stop the processor |
| htable | convert NIC standard format host tables |
| icheck | file system storage consistency check |
| inetd | internet services daemon |
| init | process control initialization |
| intro | introduction to system maintenance and operation commands |
| iostat | report I/O statistics |
| kgmon | generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers |
| lpc | line printer control program |
| lpd | line printer daemon |
| MAKEDEV, makedev | make system special files |
| makekey | generate encryption key |
| mkfs | construct a file system |
| mknod | build special file |
| mkproto | construct a prototype file system |
| umount, mount | mount and dismount file system |
| ncheck | generate names from i-numbers |
| netstat | show network status |
| newaliases | rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file |
| newfs | construct a new file system |
| pac | printer/plotter accounting information |
| pstat | print system facts |
| quot | summarize file system ownership |
| rc | command script for auto-reboot and daemons |
| rdate | set system date from a remote host |
| reboot | UNIX bootstrapping procedures |
| recnews | receive unprocessed articles via mail |
| renice | alter priority of running processes |
| restore | incremental file system restore |
| rmail | handle remote mail received via uucp |
| accton, sa | system accounting |
| savecore | save a core dump of the operating system |
| sendmail | send mail over the internet |
| sendnews | send news articles via mail |
| shutdown | close down the system at a given time |
| sticky | executable files with persistent text |
| swapon | specify additional device for paging and swapping |
| sync | update the super block |
| syslog | log systems messages |
| tunefs | tune up an existing file system |
| mount, umount | mount and dismount file system |
| update | periodically update the super block |
| uurec | receive processed news articles via mail |
| vipw | edit the password file |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics |