NAME

intro − introduction to system maintenance and operation commands

DESCRIPTION

This section contains information related to system bootstrapping, operation and maintenance and describes all the server processes and daemons which run on the system. 

Disk formatting and labelling is done by diag(8S) which participates in most system bootstraps. Bootstrapping of the system is described in reboot(8). The standard set of commands run by the system when it boots is described in rc(8). Related commands include ones to check the consistency of file systems fsck(8), mount and unmount file systems mount(8) and umount(8), add swap devices swapon(8), cause all outstanding disk I/O to complete sync(8), shutdown or reboot a running system shutdown(8), halt(8), and reboot(8), set the time on a machine from the time on another machine rdate(8).

Creation of file systems is discussed in mkfs(8) and newfs(8). File system performance parameters are adjustable with tunefs(8). File system saves and restores are described in dump(8) and restore(8).

Procedures for adding new users to a system are described in adduser(8) using vipw(8).

Other programs useful when the system crashes or hardware is broken include gxtest(8S) which tests the frame buffer on a workstation, imemtest(8S) which tests the memory, crash(8S) which describes what happens when the system crashes, savecore(8) and analyze(8) which can be used to analyze system crash dumps. Occasionally useful as adjuncts to the fsck(8) file system repair program are clri(8), dcheck(8), icheck(8), and ncheck(8).

Configuring a new version of the UNIX kernel requires using the program config(8); major system bootstraps often require the use of mkproto(8). New devices are made in the /dev directory when device drivers are added tp the system by using the makedev(8) and mknod(8) commands. If you have source, you will use the install(8) command to reinstall freshly compiled programs, and catman(8) to reformat the pre-formatted version of the manual.

Resource accounting is enabled by the accton(8) command, and summarized by sa(8). Login time accounting is performed by ac(8).

A number of service and daemon processes are described here.  The cron(8) daemon forces delayed disk I/O to occur and runs periodic events (such as removing temporary files from the disk periodically). The dmesg(8) process is invoked by cron and keeps the system error log.  The init(8) process is the initial process created when UNIX boots and manages the reboot process and creates the initial login prompts on the various system terminals through the services of getty(8). The Internet super-server inetd(8C) invokes all other internet servers as needed.  These servers include the remote shell servers rshd(8C) and rexecd(8C) the remote login server rlogind(8C) the FTP and TELNET daemons ftpd(8C) and telnetd(8C), the TFTP daemon tftpd(8C) and the mail arrival notification daemon comsat(8C). Other network daemons include the ‘load average/who is logged in’ daemon rwhod(8C), the routing daemon routed(8C), and the mail daemon sendmail(8).

If network protocols are being debugged, then the protocol debugging trace program trpt(8C) is often useful. Remote magnetic tape access is provided by rsh and rmt(8C). Remote line printer access is provided by lpd(8) and control over the various print queues is had through lpc(8). Printer cost accounting is done through pac(8).

Network host tables may be gotten from the ARPA NIC using gettable(8C) and converted to UNIX usable format using htable(8).

LIST OF PROGRAMS

ProgramAppears on PageDescription
MAKEDEVmakedev.8make system special files
acac.8login accounting
acctonsa.8system accounting
adduseradduser.8procedure for adding new users
analyzeanalyze.8Virtual UNIX postmortem crash analyzer
catmancatman.8create the cat files for the manual
chownchown.8change owner
clriclri.8clear i-node
comsatcomsat.8cbiff server
configconfig.8build system configuration files
crashcrash.8swhat happens when the system crashes
croncron.8clock daemon
dcheckdcheck.8file system directory consistency check
diagdiag.8sGeneral-purpose stand-alone utility package
dmesgdmesg.8collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
dumpdump.8incremental file system dump
dumpfsdumpfs.8dump file system information
fastbootfastboot.8reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fasthaltfastboot.8reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fsckfsck.8file system consistency check and interactive repair
ftpdftpd.8cDARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
gettablegettable.8cget NIC format host tables from a host
gettygetty.8set terminal mode
gxtestgxtest.8sstand alone test for the Sun video graphics board
halthalt.8stop the processor
htablehtable.8convert NIC standard format host tables
icheckicheck.8file system storage consistency check
ifconfigifconfig.8cconfigure network interface parameters
imemtestimemtest.8sstand alone memory test
inetdinetd.8cinternet services daemon
initinit.8process control initialization
installinstall.8install binaries
iostatiostat.8report I/O statistics
kgmonkgmon.8generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
lpclpc.8line printer control program
lpdlpd.8line printer daemon
makekeymakekey.8generate encryption key
mkfsmkfs.8construct a file system
mknodmknod.8build special file
mkprotomkproto.8construct a prototype file system
mountmount.8mount and dismount file system
ncheckncheck.8generate names from i-numbers
netstatnetstat.8show network status
newaliasesnewaliases.8rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newfsnewfs.8construct a new file system
pacpac.8printer/plotter accounting information
pstatpstat.8print system facts
rcrc.8command script for auto-reboot and daemons
rdaterdate.8set system date from a remote host
rebootreboot.8UNIX bootstrapping procedures
renicerenice.8alter priority of running processes
restorerestore.8incremental file system restore
rexecdrexecd.8cremote execution server
rlogindrlogind.8cremote login server
rmailrmail.8handle remote mail received via uucp
rmtrmt.8cremote magtape protocol module
routeroute.8cmanually manipulate the routing tables
routedrouted.8cnetwork routing daemon
rshdrshd.8cremote shell server
rwhodrwhod.8csystem status server
sasa.8system accounting
savecoresavecore.8save a core dump of the operating system
sendmailsendmail.8send mail over the internet
shutdownshutdown.8close down the system at a given time
stickysticky.8executable files with persistent text
swaponswapon.8specify additional device for paging and swapping
syncsync.8update the super block
syslogsyslog.8log systems messages
telnetdtelnetd.8cDARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpdtftpd.8cDARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
trpttrpt.8ctransliterate protocol trace
tunefstunefs.8tune up an existing file system
umountmount.8mount and dismount file system
updateupdate.8periodically update the super block
uucleanuuclean.8cuucp spool directory clean-up
vipwvipw.8edit the password file
vmstatvmstat.8report virtual memory statistics

Sun System Release 1.0  —  30 October 1983