NAME

intro − introduction to library functions

DESCRIPTION

This section describes functions that may be found in various libraries.  The library functions are those other than the functions which directly invoke UNIX system primitives, described in section 2.  This section has the libraries physically grouped together.  This is a departure from older versions of the UNIX Programmer’s Reference Manual, which did not group functions by library.  The functions described in this section are grouped into various libraries:

(3) and (3S)
The straight “3” functions are the standard C library functions.  The C library also includes all the functions described in section 2.  The 3S functions comprise the standard I/O library.  All of these functions constitute library libc, which is automatically loaded by the C compiler cc(1) and the Fortran compiler f77(1). The link editor ld(1) searches this library under the ‘−lc’ option. Declarations for some of these functions may be obtained from include files indicated on the appropriate pages.

(3F) The 3F functions are all functions callable from FORTRAN.  These functions perform the same jobs as do the straight “3” functions do for C programmers.  There are in fact three FORTRAN libraries, namely libU77 which contains the system interface routines, libI77 which is the I/O interface library, and libF77 which is everything not contained in the other two. 

(3J) These functions are part of the job control facilities, contained in the library “−ljobs.” The job control facilities are outlined in jobs(3J).

(3M) These functions constitute the math library, libm.  They are automatically loaded as needed by the Fortran compiler f77(1). The link editor searches this library under the ‘−lm’ option. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file <math.h>.

(3N) These functions constitute the internet network library, and they are in the libc library. 

(3S) These functions constitute the ‘standard I/O package’, see stdio(3S). These functions are in the library libc already mentioned.  Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file <stdio.h>. 

(3X) Various specialized libraries have not been given distinctive captions.  Files in which such libraries are found are named on appropriate pages if they don’t appear in the libc library. 

FILES

/lib/libc.aC Library
/usr/lib/libm.aMath Library
/usr/lib/libU77.aFORTRAN system interface
/usr/lib/libI77.aFORTRAN I/O
/usr/lib/libF77.aFORTRAN everything else
/usr/lib/libjobs.ajobs library
/usr/lib/libdbm.adata base management routines
/usr/lib/libcurses.ascreen management routines
/usr/lib/libtermcap.aterminal handling routines
/usr/lib/libmp.amultiple precision math library
/usr/lib/lib300.a
/usr/lib/lib300s.a
/usr/lib/lib4014.a
/usr/lib/lib450.a
/usr/lib/libplot.aplot routines

SEE ALSO

stdio(3), nm(1), ld(1), cc(1), f77(1), intro(2)

DIAGNOSTICS

Functions in the math library (3M) may return conventional values when the function is undefined for the given arguments or when the value is not representable.  In these cases the external variable errno (see intro(2)) is set to the value EDOM (domain error) or ERANGE (range error). The values of EDOM and ERANGE are defined in the include file <errno.h>. 

LIST OF FUNCTIONS

NameAppears on PageDescription
abortabort.3generate a fault
abortabort.3fterminate abruptly with memory image
absabs.3integer absolute value
accessaccess.3fdetermine accessability of a file
acossin.3mtrigonometric functions
alarmalarm.3fexecute a subroutine after a specified time
andbit.3fbitwise functions
arcplot.3xgraphics interface
asctimectime.3convert date and time to ASCII
asinsin.3mtrigonometric functions
assertassert.3xprogram verification
atansin.3mtrigonometric functions
atan2sin.3mtrigonometric functions
atofatof.3convert ASCII to numbers
atoiatof.3convert ASCII to numbers
atolatof.3convert ASCII to numbers
bessel bessel.3fof two kinds for integer orders
bicbit.3fbit set, clear, test routines
bisbit.3fbit set, clear, test routines
bitbit.3fbit set, clear, test routines
callocmalloc.3main memory allocator
ceilfloor.3mabsolute value, floor, ceiling functions
chdirchdir.3fchange default directory
circleplot.3xgraphics interface
clearerrferror.3sstream status inquiries
closedirdirectory.3directory operations
closeplplot.3xgraphics interface
contplot.3xgraphics interface
cossin.3mtrigonometric functions
coshsinh.3mhyperbolic functions
cryptcrypt.3DES encryption
ctimectime.3convert date and time to ASCII
ctimetime.3freturn system time
cursescurses.3xscreen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
dbminitdbm.3xdata base subroutines
deletedbm.3xdata base subroutines
dflmaxrange.3freturn extreme values
dflminrange.3freturn extreme values
drandrand.3freturn random values
dtimeetime.3freturn elapsed execution time
ecvtecvt.3output conversion
edataend.3last locations in program
encryptcrypt.3DES encryption
endend.3last locations in program
endfsentgetfsent.3get file system descriptor file entry
endgrentgetgrent.3get group file entry
endhostentgethostent.3nget network host entry
endnetentgetnetent.3nget network entry
endprotoentgetprotoent.3nget protocol entry
endpwentgetpwent.3get password file entry
endserventgetservent.3nget protocol entry
eraseplot.3xgraphics interface
etextend.3last locations in program
etimeetime.3freturn elapsed execution time
exitexit.3fterminate process with status
expexp.3mexponential, logarithm, power, square root
fabsfloor.3mabsolute value, floor, ceiling functions
fclosefclose.3sclose or flush a stream
fcvtecvt.3output conversion
fdatefdate.3freturn date and time in an ASCII string
fdopenfopen.3sopen a stream
feofferror.3sstream status inquiries
ferrorferror.3sstream status inquiries
fetchdbm.3xdata base subroutines
fflushfclose.3sclose or flush a stream
fgetcgetc.3fget a character from a logical unit
fgetcgetc.3sget character or word from stream
fgetsgets.3sget a string from a stream
filenoferror.3sstream status inquiries
firstkeydbm.3xdata base subroutines
flmaxrange.3freturn extreme values
flminrange.3freturn extreme values
floorfloor.3mabsolute value, floor, ceiling functions
flushflush.3fflush output to a logical unit
fopenfopen.3sopen a stream
forkfork.3fcreate a copy of this process
fprintfprintf.3sformatted output conversion
fputcputc.3fwrite a character to a fortran logical unit
fputcputc.3sput character or word on a stream
fputsputs.3sput a string on a stream
freadfread.3sbuffered binary input/output
freemalloc.3main memory allocator
freopenfopen.3sopen a stream
frexpfrexp.3split into mantissa and exponent
fscanfscanf.3sformatted input conversion
fseekfseek.3freposition a file on a logical unit
fseekfseek.3sreposition a stream
fstatstat.3fget file status
ftellfseek.3freposition a file on a logical unit
ftellfseek.3sreposition a stream
fwritefread.3sbuffered binary input/output
gammagamma.3mlog gamma function
gcvtecvt.3output conversion
gerrorperror.3fget system error messages
getarggetarg.3fcommand arguments to Fortran
getcgetc.3fget a character from a logical unit
getcgetc.3sget character or word from stream
getchargetc.3sget character or word from stream
getcwdgetcwd.3fget pathname of current working directory
getenvgetenv.3value for environment name
getenvgetenv.3fget value of environment variables
getfsentgetfsent.3get file system descriptor file entry
getfsfilegetfsent.3get file system descriptor file entry
getfsspecgetfsent.3get file system descriptor file entry
getgidgetuid.3fget user or group ID of the caller
getgrentgetgrent.3get group file entry
getgrgidgetgrent.3get group file entry
getgrnamgetgrent.3get group file entry
gethostbyaddrgethostent.3nget network host entry
gethostbynamegethostent.3nget network host entry
gethostentgethostent.3nget network host entry
getloggetlog.3fget user’s login name
getlogingetlogin.3get login name
getnetbyaddrgetnetent.3nget network entry
getnetbynamegetnetent.3nget network entry
getnetentgetnetent.3nget network entry
getpassgetpass.3read a password
getpidgetpid.3fget process id
getprotobynamegetprotoent.3nget protocol entry
getprotobynumbergetprotoent.3nget protocol entry
getprotoentgetprotoent.3nget protocol entry
getpwgetpw.3get name from uid
getpwentgetpwent.3get password file entry
getpwnamgetpwent.3get password file entry
getpwuidgetpwent.3get password file entry
getsgets.3sget a string from a stream
getservbynamegetservent.3nget protocol entry
getservbyportgetservent.3nget protocol entry
getserventgetservent.3nget protocol entry
getuidgetuid.3fget user or group ID of the caller
getwgetc.3sget character or word from stream
getwdgetwd.3get current working directory pathname
gmtimectime.3convert date and time to ASCII
gmtimetime.3freturn system time
hypothypot.3mEuclidean distance
iargcgetarg.3fcommand arguments to Fortran
idateidate.3freturn date or time in numerical form
ierrnoperror.3fget system error messages
indexindex.3ftell about character objects
indexstring.3string operations
inet_addrinet.3Internet address manipulation routines
inet_lnaofinet.3Internet address manipulation routines
inet_makeaddrinet.3Internet address manipulation routines
inet_netofinet.3Internet address manipulation routines
inet_networkinet.3Internet address manipulation routines
inigrpinigrp.3xinitialize group access
initstaterandom.3routines for changing generators
inmaxrange.3freturn extreme values
irandrand.3freturn random values
isalnumctype.3character classification
isalphactype.3character classification
isasciictype.3character classification
isattyttynam.3ffind name of a terminal port
isattyttyname.3find name of a terminal
iscntrlctype.3character classification
isdigitctype.3character classification
islowerctype.3character classification
isprintctype.3character classification
ispunctctype.3character classification
isspacectype.3character classification
isupperctype.3character classification
itimeidate.3freturn date or time in numerical form
j0j0.3mbessel functions
j1j0.3mbessel functions
jnj0.3mbessel functions
jobsjobs.3jsummary of job control facilities
killkill.3fsend a signal to a process
labelplot.3xgraphics interface
ldexpfrexp.3split into mantissa and exponent
lenindex.3ftell about character objects
lineplot.3xgraphics interface
linemodplot.3xgraphics interface
linklink.3fmake a link to an existing file
lnblnkindex.3ftell about character objects
locloc.3freturn the address of an object
localtimectime.3convert date and time to ASCII
logexp.3mexponential, logarithm, power, square root
log10exp.3mexponential, logarithm, power, square root
longjmpsetjmp.3non-local goto
lshiftbit.3fbit shifting functions
ltimetime.3freturn system time
mallocmalloc.3main memory allocator
mktempmktemp.3make a unique file name
modffrexp.3split into mantissa and exponent
monitormonitor.3prepare execution profile
monstartupmonitor.3prepare execution profile
moveplot.3xgraphics interface
nextkeydbm.3xdata base subroutines
nlistnlist.3get entries from name list
notbit.3fbitwise functions
opendirdirectory.3directory operations
openplplot.3xgraphics interface
orbit.3fbitwise functions
pclosepopen.3sinitiate I/O to/from a process
perrorperror.3system error messages
perrorperror.3fget system error messages
plotplot.3xgraphics interface
pointplot.3xgraphics interface
popenpopen.3sinitiate I/O to/from a process
powexp.3mexponential, logarithm, power, square root
printfprintf.3sformatted output conversion
putcputc.3fwrite a character to a fortran logical unit
putcputc.3sput character or word on a stream
putcharputc.3sput character or word on a stream
putsputs.3sput a string on a stream
putwputc.3sput character or word on a stream
qsortqsort.3quicker sort
qsortqsort.3fquick sort
raddrrhost.3xlook up internet hosts by name or address
randrand.3random number generator
randrand.3freturn random values
randomrandom.3better random number generator
re_compregex.3regular expression handler
re_execregex.3regular expression handler
readdirdirectory.3directory operations
reallocmalloc.3main memory allocator
rewindfseek.3sreposition a stream
rewinddirdirectory.3directory operations
rexecrexec.3xreturn stream to a remote command
rhostrhost.3xlook up internet hosts by name or address
rindexindex.3ftell about character objects
rindexstring.3string operations
rshiftbit.3fbit shifting functions
scandirscandir.3scan a directory
scanfscanf.3sformatted input conversion
seekdirdirectory.3directory operations
setbitbit.3fbit set, clear, test routines
setbufsetbuf.3sassign buffering to a stream
setbuffersetbuf.3sassign buffering to a stream
setfsentgetfsent.3get file system descriptor file entry
setgrentgetgrent.3get group file entry
sethostentgethostent.3nget network host entry
setjmpsetjmp.3non-local goto
setkeycrypt.3DES encryption
setnetentgetnetent.3nget network entry
setprotoentgetprotoent.3nget protocol entry
setpwentgetpwent.3get password file entry
setserventgetservent.3nget protocol entry
setstaterandom.3routines for changing generators
sigholdsignal.3jmanage signals
sigignoresignal.3jmanage signals
signalsignal.3fchange the action for a signal
signalsignal.3jmanage signals
sigpausesignal.3jmanage signals
sigrelsesignal.3jmanage signals
sigsetsignal.3jmanage signals
sinsin.3mtrigonometric functions
sinhsinh.3mhyperbolic functions
sleepsleep.3suspend execution for interval
sleepsleep.3fsleep for awhile
spaceplot.3xgraphics interface
sprintfprintf.3sformatted output conversion
sqrtexp.3mexponential, logarithm, power, square root
srandrand.3random number generator
srandomrandom.3better random number generator
sscanfscanf.3sformatted input conversion
statstat.3fget file status
stdiointro.3sstandard buffered input/output package
stdiostdio.3sstandard buffered input/output package
storedbm.3xdata base subroutines
strcatstring.3string operations
strcmpstring.3string operations
strcpystring.3string operations
strlenstring.3string operations
strncatstring.3string operations
strncmpstring.3string operations
strncpystring.3string operations
swabswab.3swap bytes
sys_errlistperror.3system error messages
sys_nerrperror.3system error messages
systemsystem.3issue a shell command
systemsystem.3fexecute a unix command
tansin.3mtrigonometric functions
tanhsinh.3mhyperbolic functions
telldirdirectory.3directory operations
tgetenttermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
tgetflagtermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
tgetnumtermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
tgetstrtermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
tgototermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
timetime.3freturn system time
timezonectime.3convert date and time to ASCII
tputstermcap.3xterminal independent operation routines
trapertraper.3ftrap arithmetic errors
trapovtrapov.3ftrap and repair floating point overflow
ttynamttynam.3ffind name of a terminal port
ttynamettyname.3find name of a terminal
ttyslotttyname.3find name of a terminal
ungetcungetc.3spush character back into input stream
unlinkunlink.3fremove a directory entry
vallocvalloc.3aligned memory allocator
varargsvarargs.3variable argument list
waitwait.3fwait for a process to terminate
xorbit.3fbitwise functions
y0j0.3mbessel functions
y1j0.3mbessel functions

Sun System Release 0.3  —  8 March 1983