NAME

intro − introduction to system maintenance and operation commands

DESCRIPTION

This section contains information related to system bootstrapping, operation and maintenance.  It describes all the server processes and daemons that run on the system, as well as standalone (PROM monitor) programs. 

An 8V section number means one or more of the following:

• The man page documents System V behavior only. 

• The man page documents default OS/MP behavior, and System V behavior as it differs from the default behavior.  These System V differences are presented under SYSTEM V section headers. 

• The man page documents behavior compliant with IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (POSIX.1). 

Disk formatting and labeling is done by format(8S).  Bootstrapping of the system is described in boot(8S) and init(8).  The standard set of commands run by the system when it boots is described in rc(8).  Related commands include those that check the consistency of file systems, fsck(8); those that mount and unmount file systems, mount(8); add swap devices, swapon(8); force completion of outstanding file system I/O, sync(2); shutdown or reboot a running system shutdown(8), halt(8), and reboot(8); and, set the time on a machine from the time on another machine rdate(8C). 

Creation of file systems is discussed in mkfs(8) and newfs(8).  File system performance parameters can be adjusted with tunefs(8).  File system backups and restores are described in dump(8) and restore(8). 

Procedures for adding new users to a system are described in adduser(8), using vipw(8) to lock the password file during editing.  panic(8S) which describes what happens when the system crashes, savecore(8) which can be used to analyze system crash dumps.  Occasionally useful as adjuncts to the fsck(8) file system repair program are clri(8), dcheck(8), icheck(8), and ncheck(8). 

Configuring a new version of the kernel requires using the program config(8); major system bootstraps often require the use of mkproto(8).  New devices are added to the /dev directory (once device drivers are configured into the system) using makedev(8) and mknod(8).  The installboot(8S) command can be used to install freshly compiled programs.  The catman(8) command preformats the on-line manual pages. 

Resource accounting is enabled by the accton command, and summarized by sa(8).  Login time accounting is performed by ac(8).  Disk quotas are managed using quot(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), and repquota(8). 

A number of servers and daemon processes are described in this section.  The update(8) daemon forces delayed file system I/O to occur and cron(8) runs periodic events (such as removing temporary files from the disk periodically).  The syslogd(8) daemon maintains the system error log.  The init(8) process is the initial process created when the system boots.  It manages the reboot process and creates the initial login prompts on the various system terminals, using getty(8).  The Internet super-server inetd(8C) invokes all other internet servers as needed.  These servers include the remote shell servers rshd(8C) and rexecd(8C), the remote login server rlogind(8C), the FTP and TELNET daemons ftpd(8C), and telnetd(8C), the TFTP daemon tftpd(8C), and the mail arrival notification daemon comsat(8C).  Other network daemons include the ‘load average/who is logged in’ daemon rwhod(8C), the routing daemon routed(8C), and the mail daemon sendmail(8). 

If network protocols are being debugged, then the protocol debugging trace program trpt(8C) is often useful.  Remote magnetic tape access is provided by rsh and rmt(8C).  Remote line printer access is provided by lpd(8), and control over the various print queues is provided by lpc(8).  Printer cost-accounting is done through pac(8). 

Network host tables may be gotten from the ARPA NIC using gettable(8C) and converted to UNIX-system-usable format using htable(8). 

RPC and NFS daemons

RPC and NFS daemons include:

portmap used by RPC based services. 

ypbind used by the Network Information Service (NIS) to locate the NIS server.  Note: the Network Information Service (NIS) was formerly known as Yellow Pages (YP).  The functionality of the two remains the same; only the name has changed. 

biod used by NFS clients to read ahead to, and write behind from, network file systems. 

nfsd the NFS server process that responds to NFS requests on NFS server machines. 

ypserv the NIS server, typically run on each NFS server. 

rstatd the server counterpart of the remote speedometer tools. 

mountd the mount server that runs on NFS server machines and responds to requests by other machines to mount file systems. 

rwalld used for broadcasting messages over the network. 

LIST OF MAINTENANCE COMMANDS

NameAppears on PageDescription
C2convc2conv(8)convert system to or from C2 security
C2unconvc2conv(8)convert system to or from C2 security
MAKEDEVmakedev(8)make system special files
acac(8)login accounting
acctcmsacctcms(8)command summary from per-process accounting records
acctcon1acctcon(8)connect-time accounting
acctcon2acctcon(8)connect-time accounting
acctdiskacct(8)overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctdusgacct(8)overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctmergacctmerg(8)merge or add total accounting files
acctonacct(8)overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
acctonsa(8)system accounting
acctprc1acctprc(8)process accounting
acctprc2acctprc(8)process accounting
acctwtmpacct(8)overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands
adbgenadbgen(8)generate adb script
advadv(8)advertise a directory for remote access with RFS
arparp(8C)address resolution display and control
auditaudit(8)audit trail maintenance
audit_warnaudit_warn(8)audit daemon warning script
auditdauditd(8)audit daemon
automountautomount(8)automatically mount NFS file systems
biodnfsd(8)NFS daemons
bootparamdbootparamd(8)boot parameter server
bootrombootrom(8)boot rom
captoinfocaptoinfo(8V)convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
catmancatman(8)create the cat files for the manual
chargefeeacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
chownchown(8)change owner
chrootchroot(8)change root directory for a command
chrtblchrtbl(8)generate character classification table
ckpacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
clriclri(8)clear inode
colldefcolldef(8)convert collation sequence source definition
comsatcomsat(8C)biff server
configconfig(8)build system configuration files
config_serverconfig_server(8)install architecture dependent executables on a heterogeneous file server
cpustatuscpustatus(8)examine and modify the enable status of all CPUs
crashcrash(8)examine system images
croncron(8)clock daemon
dcheckdcheck(8)file system directory consistency check
devnmdevnm(8V)device name
diskusgdiskusg(8)generate disk accounting data by user
dkctldkctl(8)control special disk operations
dkinfodkinfo(8)report information about a disk’s geometry and partitioning
dkstopdkstop(8)spin down a disk
dmesgdmesg(8)collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
dnamedname(8)print RFS domain and network names
dodiskacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
dopackage-installdopackage(8)nstall − install Solbourne software package
dopackagedopackage(8)nstall − install Solbourne software package
dorfsdorfs(8)initialize, start and stop RFS automatically
dumpdump(8)incremental file system dump
dumpfsdumpfs(8)dump file system information
edquotaedquota(8)edit user quotas
eepromeeprom(8S)EEPROM display and load utility
etherdetherd(8C)Ethernet statistics server
etherfindetherfind(8C)find packets on Ethernet
exportfsexportfs(8)export and unexport directories to NFS clients
fastbootfastboot(8)reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fasthaltfastboot(8)reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fingerdfingerd(8C)remote user information server
formatformat(8S)disk partitioning and maintenance utility
fpa_downloadfpaversion(8)print FPA version, load microcode
fpaversionfpaversion(8)print FPA version, load microcode
fsckfsck(8)file system consistency check and interactive repair
fsirandfsirand(8)install random inode generation numbers
ftpdftpd(8C)TCP/IP Internet File Transfer Protocol server
fumountfumount(8)force unmount of an advertised RFS resource
fusagefusage(8)RFS disk access profiler
fuserfuser(8)identify processes using a file or file structure
fwtmpfwtmp(8)manipulate connect accounting records
gencatinstalltxt(8)create a message archive
gettablegettable(8C)get DARPA Internet format host table from a host
gettygetty(8)set terminal mode
grpckgrpck(8V)check group database entries
halthalt(8)stop the processor
hostrfshostrfs(8)convert IP addresses to RFS format
htablehtable(8)convert DoD Internet format host table
icheckicheck(8)file system storage consistency check
idloadidload(8)RFS user and group mapping
ifconfigifconfig(8C)configure network interface parameters
in.comsatcomsat(8C)biff server
in.fingerdfingerd(8C)remote user information server
in.ftpdftpd(8C)TCP/IP Internet File Transfer Protocol server
in.namednamed(8C)Internet domain name server
in.rexecdrexecd(8C)remote execution server
in.rlogindrlogind(8C)remote login server
in.routedrouted(8C)network routing daemon
in.rshdrshd(8C)remote shell server
in.rwhodrwhod(8C)system status server
in.talkdtalkd(8C)server for talk program
in.telnetdtelnetd(8C)TCP/IP TELNET protocol server
in.tftpdtftpd(8C)TCP/IP Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
in.tnamedtnamed(8C)TCP/IP Trivial name server
inetdinetd(8C)Internet services daemon
infocmpinfocmp(8V)compare or print out terminfo descriptions
initinit(8)process control initialization
install_clientinstall_client(8)create a diskless NFS client
installbootinstallboot(8S)install bootblocks in a disk partition
installtxtinstalltxt(8)create a message archive
intrintr(8)allow a command to be interruptible
introIntro(8)introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
iostatiostat(8)report I/O statistics
keyenvoykeyenvoy(8C)talk to keyserver
keyservkeyserv(8C)server for storing public and private keys
kgmonkgmon(8)generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
lastloginacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
ldconfigldconfig(8)link-editor configuration
linklink(8V)exercise link and unlink system calls
listennlsadmin(8)network listener service administration for RFS
lockdlockd(8C)network lock daemon
logoeditlogoedit(8)change the ROM banner, copyright, and logo bitmap
lpclpc(8)line printer control program
lpdlpd(8)printer daemon
mailstatsmailstats(8)print statistics collected by sendmail
makedbmmakedbm(8)make a NIS ndbm file
makedevmakedev(8)make system special files
makekeymakekey(8)generate encryption key
mconnectmconnect(8)connect to SMTP mail server socket
mkfilemkfile(8)create a file
mkfsmkfs(8)construct a file system
mknodmknod(8)build special file
mkprotomkproto(8)construct a prototype file system
modloadmodload(8)load a module
modstatmodstat(8)display status of loadable modules
modunloadmodunload(8)unload a module
monacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
monitormonitor(8S)system ROM monitor
mountmount(8)mount and unmount file systems
mount_tfsmount_tfs(8)mount and dismount TFS filesystems
mountdmountd(8C)NFS mount request server
namednamed(8C)Internet domain name server
ncheckncheck(8)generate names from i-numbers
netstatnetstat(8C)show network status
newaliasesnewaliases(8)rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newfsnewfs(8)create a new file system
newkeynewkey(8)create a new key in the publickey database
nfsdnfsd(8)NFS daemons
nfsstatnfsstat(8C)Network File System statistics
nlsadminnlsadmin(8)network listener service administration for RFS
nslookupnslookup(8C)query domain name servers interactively
nsquerynsquery(8)RFS name server query
nulladmacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
pacpac(8)printer/plotter accounting information
panicpanic(8S)what happens when the system crashes
partitionpartition(8)curses interface to disk partitioning
pingping(8C)send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
portmapportmap(8C)TCP/IP port to RPC program number mapper
prauditpraudit(8)print contents of an audit trail file
prctmpacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
prdailyacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
prtacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
pstatpstat(8)print system facts
pwckpwck(8V)check password database entries
pwdauthdpwdauthd(8C)server for authenticating passwords
quotquot(8)summarize file system ownership
quotacheckquotacheck(8)file system quota consistency checker
quotaoffquotaon(8)turn file system quotas on and off
quotaonquotaon(8)turn file system quotas on and off
rarpdrarpd(8C)TCP/IP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol server
rc.bootrc(8)command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rc.localrc(8)command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rcrc(8)command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rdaterdate(8C)set system date from a remote host
rdumpdump(8)incremental file system dump
rebootreboot(8)restart the operating system
remove_clientremove_client(8) remove a diskless NFS client
renicerenice(8)alter nice value of running processes
repquotarepquota(8)summarize quotas for a file system
restorerestore(8)incremental file system restore
rexdrexd(8C)RPC-based remote execution server
rexecdrexecd(8C)remote execution server
rfadminrfadmin(8)RFS domain administration
rfpasswdrfpasswd(8)change RFS host password
rfstartrfstart(8)start RFS
rfstoprfstop(8)stop the RFS environment
rfuadminrfuadmin(8)RFS notification shell script
rfudaemonrfudaemon(8)Remote File Sharing daemon
rlogindrlogind(8C)remote login server
rmailrmail(8C)handle remote mail received via uucp
rmntstatrmntstat(8)display RFS mounted resource information
rmtrmt(8C)remote magtape protocol module
routeroute(8C)manually manipulate the routing tables
routedrouted(8C)network routing daemon
rpc.etherdetherd(8C)Ethernet statistics server
rpc.lockdlockd(8C)network lock daemon
rpc.mountdmountd(8C)NFS mount request server
rpc.rexdrexd(8C)RPC-based remote execution server
rpc.rquotadrquotad(8C)remote quota server
rpc.rstatdrstatd(8C)kernel statistics server
rpc.rusersdrusersd(8C)network username server
rpc.rwalldrwalld(8C)network rwall server
rpc.spraydsprayd(8C)spray server
rpc.statdstatd(8C)network status monitor
rpc.yppasswddyppasswdd(8C)server for modifying NIS password file
rpc.ypupdatedypupdated(8C)server for changing NIS information
rpcinforpcinfo(8C)report RPC information
rquotadrquotad(8C)remote quota server
rrestorerestore(8)incremental file system restore
rshdrshd(8C)remote shell server
rstatdrstatd(8C)kernel statistics server
runacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
runacctrunacct(8)run daily accounting
rusagerusage(8)print resource usage for a command
rusersdrusersd(8C)network username server
rwalldrwalld(8C)network rwall server
rwhodrwhod(8C)system status server
sasa(8)system accounting
sashdbsashdb(8)standalone shell and debugger
satoolssatools(8)Solbourne system administration tools
savecoresavecore(8)save a core dump of the operating system
sendmailsendmail(8)send mail over the internet
setsidsetsid(8V)set process to session leader
showfhshowfh(8C)print full pathname of file from the NFS file handle
showfhdshowfhd(8C)showfh daemon run on the NFS servers
showmountshowmount(8)show all remote mounts
shutacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
shutdownshutdown(8)close down the system at a given time
sprayspray(8C)spray packets
spraydsprayd(8C)spray server
startupacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
statdstatd(8C)network status monitor
stickysticky(8)mark files for special treatment
swaponswapon(8)specify additional device for paging and swapping
syslogdsyslogd(8)log system messages
talkdtalkd(8C)server for talk program
telnetdtelnetd(8C)TCP/IP TELNET protocol server
tfsdtfsd(8)TFS daemon
tftpdtftpd(8C)TCP/IP Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
tictic(8V)terminfo compiler
tnamedtnamed(8C)TCP/IP Trivial name server
trpttrpt(8C)transliterate protocol trace
ttysoftcarttysoftcar(8)enable/disable carrier detect
tunefstunefs(8)tune up an existing file system
turnacctacctsh(8)shell procedures for accounting
tzsetuptzsetup(8)set up old-style time zone information in the kernel
umountmount(8)mount and unmount file systems
umount_tfsmount_tfs(8)mount and dismount TFS filesystems
unadvunadv(8)unadvertise a Remote File Sharing resource
unlinklink(8V)exercise link and unlink system calls
updateupdate(8)periodically update the super block
uucheckuucheck(8C)check the UUCP directories and Permissions file
uucicouucico(8C)file transport program for the UUCP system
uucleanupuucleanup(8C)UUCP spool directory clean-up
uucpduucpd(8C)UUCP server
uuscheduusched(8C)the scheduler for the UUCP file transport program
uuxqtuuxqt(8C)execute remote command requests
vipwvipw(8)edit the password file
vmstatvmstat(8)report virtual memory statistics
wtmpfixfwtmp(8)manipulate connect accounting records
ypbindypserv(8)NIS server and binder processes
ypinitypinit(8)build and install NIS database
ypmakeypmake(8)rebuild NIS database
yppasswddyppasswdd(8C)server for modifying NIS password file
yppollyppoll(8)version of NIS map at NIS server
yppushyppush(8)force propagation of changed NIS map
ypservypserv(8)NIS server and binder processes
ypsetypset(8)point ypbind at a particular server
ypupdatedypupdated(8C)server for changing NIS information
ypxfrypxfr(8)transfer NIS map from NIS server to here
ypxfrdypserv(8)NIS server and binder processes
zdumpzdump(8)time zone dumper
ziczic(8)time zone compiler

Solbourne Computer, Inc.  —  17 November 1987