VirtualBindings(3X) UNIX System V VirtualBindings(3X)
NAME
VirtualBindings - Bindings for virtual mouse and key events
VERSION
This page documents version 1.2 of the Motif library.
DESCRIPTION
The 1/Motif manual pages describe translations in terms of
virtual bindings, based on those described in the OSF/Motif
Style Guide. Mouse events are described in terms of virtual
buttons, and key events are described in terms of virtual
keys. The term virtual implies that the events as described
do not necessarily correspond to a fixed set of X Window
System events. Instead, virtual buttons and keys are linked
to actual events by means of virtual bindings.
Virtual Modifiers
Both virtual buttons and virtual keys may contain virtual
modifiers. Each virtual modifier corresponds to one or more
actual modifiers. The following table lists the bindings of
virtual modifiers to actual modifiers in 1/Motif:
Virtual Modifier Bindings
Virtual Modifier Actual Modifiers
___________________________________
MAlt Mod1
MCopy Ctrl
MCtrl Ctrl
MLink Ctrl Shift
MMove Shift
MShift Shift
Mod1 refers to the first modifier key. 1/Motif requires
that it correspond to either Alt or Meta.
The virtual modifier MAny indicates that any modifier can be
used. If MAny is not specified and the user presses an
actual modifier that is not explicitly included in a
translation, that modifier may prevent the translation from
being matched.
Virtual Buttons
Each virtual button corresponds to one or more actual button
event descriptions. Each button event description contains
a button name and possibly modifiers. These button event
descriptions, appropriately ordered and possibly further
modified, are used in translation tables. The following
table lists the bindings of virtual buttons to actual button
event descriptions in 1/Motif:
Virtual Button Bindings
Virtual Button Actual Button Events
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_____________________________________
BCustom <Btn3>
BDrag <Btn2>
BExtend Shift<Btn1>
BMenu <Btn3>
BSelect <Btn1>
BToggle Ctrl<Btn1>
Virtual Keys
Each virtual key corresponds to one or more actual key event
descriptions. Each key event description contains a keysym
name and possibly modifiers. These key event descriptions,
appropriately ordered and possibly further modified, are
used in translation tables. The following table lists the
bindings of virtual keys to actual key event descriptions in
1/Motif:
Virtual Key Bindings
____________________________________
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
KActivate <Key>Return
Ctrl<Key>Return
<Key>osfActivate
____________________________________
KAddMode <Key>osfAddMode
____________________________________
KBackSpace <Key>osfBackSpace
____________________________________
KBackTab Shift<Key>Tab
____________________________________
KBeginData Ctrl<Key>osfBeginLine
____________________________________
KBeginLine <Key>osfBeginLine
____________________________________
KCancel <Key>osfCancel
____________________________________
KClear <Key>osfClear
____________________________________
KCopy <Key>osfCopy
Ctrl<Key>osfInsert
____________________________________
KCut <Key>osfCut
Shift<Key>osfDelete
____________________________________
KDelete <Key>osfDelete
____________________________________
KDeselectAll Ctrl<Key>backslash
____________________________________
KDown <Key>osfDown
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____________________________________
KEndData Ctrl<Key>osfEndLine
____________________________________
KEndLine <Key>osfEndLine
____________________________________
KEnter <Key>Return
____________________________________
KEscape <Key>Escape
____________________________________
KExtend Ctrl Shift<Key>space
Shift<Key>osfSelect
____________________________________
KHelp <Key>osfHelp
____________________________________
KInsert <Key>osfInsert
____________________________________
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Virtual Key Bindings (Continued)
________________________________________
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
KLeft <Key>osfLeft
________________________________________
KMenu <Key>osfMenu
________________________________________
KMenuBar <Key>osfMenuBar
________________________________________
KNextField <Key>Tab
Ctrl<Key>Tab
________________________________________
KNextMenu Ctrl<Key>osfDown
Ctrl<Key>osfRight
________________________________________
KPageDown <Key>osfPageDown
________________________________________
KPageLeft Ctrl<Key>osfPageUp
<Key>osfPageLeft
________________________________________
KPageRight Ctrl<Key>osfPageDown
<Key>osfPageRight
________________________________________
KPageUp <Key>osfPageUp
________________________________________
KPaste <Key>osfPaste
Shift<Key>osfInsert
________________________________________
KPrevField Shift<Key>Tab
Ctrl Shift<Key>Tab
________________________________________
KPrevMenu Ctrl<Key>osfUp
Ctrl<Key>osfLeft
________________________________________
KPrimaryCopy Ctrl<Key>osfPrimaryPaste
Mod1<Key>osfCopy
Mod1 Ctrl<Key>osfInsert
________________________________________
KPrimaryCut Mod1<Key>osfPrimaryPaste
Mod1<Key>osfCut
Mod1 Shift<Key>osfDelete
________________________________________
KPrimaryPaste <Key>osfPrimaryPaste
________________________________________
KQuickCopy Ctrl<Key>osfQuickPaste
________________________________________
KQuickCut Mod1<Key>osfQuickPaste
________________________________________
KQuickExtend Shift<Key>osfQuickPaste
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________________________________________
Virtual Key Bindings (Continued)
______________________________________
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
KQuickPaste <Key>osfQuickPaste
______________________________________
KReselect Ctrl Shift<Key>osfSelect
______________________________________
KRestore Ctrl Shift<Key>osfInsert
______________________________________
KRight <Key>osfRight
______________________________________
KSelect <Key>space
Ctrl<Key>space
<Key>osfSelect
______________________________________
KSelectAll Ctrl<Key>slash
______________________________________
KSpace <Key>space
______________________________________
KTab <Key>Tab
______________________________________
KUndo <Key>osfUndo
Mod1<Key>osfBackSpace
______________________________________
KUp <Key>osfUp
______________________________________
KAny <Key>
______________________________________
Bindings for osf Keysyms
Keysym strings that begin with "osf" are not part of the X
server's keyboard mapping. Instead, these keysyms are
produced on the client side at run time. They are
interpreted by the routine XmTranslateKey, and are used by
the translation manager when the server delivers an actual
key event. For each application, a mapping is maintained
between "osf" keysyms and keysyms that correspond to actual
keys. This mapping is based on information obtained at
application startup from one of the following sources,
listed in order of precedence:
⊕ A defaultVirtualBindings application resource in the
resource database.
⊕ A property on the root window, which can be set by mwm
on startup, or by the xmbind client, or on prior
startup of a Motif application.
⊕ The file .motifbind in the user's home directory.
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⊕ A set of bindings based on the vendor string and
optionally the vendor release of the X server. Motif
searches for these bindings in the following steps:
-- If the file xmbind.alias exists in the user's home
directory, Motif searches this file for a pathname
associated with the vendor string or with the
vendor string and vendor release. If it finds
such a pathname and if that file exists, Motif
loads the bindings contained in that file.
-- If it has found no bindings, Motif next looks for
the file xmbind.alias in the directory specified
by the environment variable XMBINDDIR, if
XMBINDDIR is set, or in the directory
/usr/lib/Xm/bindings if XMBINDDIR is not set. If
this file exists Motif searches it for a pathname
associated with the vendor string or with the
vendor string and vendor release. If it finds
such a pathname and if that file exists, Motif
loads the bindings contained in that file.
-- If it still has found no bindings, Motif loads a
set of hard-coded fallback bindings.
The xmbind.alias file contains zero or more lines of the
form:
"vendor_string[ vendor_release]"bindings_file
where vendor_string is the X server vendor name as returned
by the X client xdpyinfo or the Xlib function XServerVendor,
and must appear in double quotes. If vendor_release is
included, it is the X server vendor release number as
returned by the X client xdpyinfo or the Xlib function
XVendorRelease, and must also be contained within the double
quotes separated by one space from vendor_string.
vendor_release is provided to allow support of changes in
keyboard hardware from a vendor, assuming that the vendor
increments the release number to flag such changes.
Alternatively, the vendor may simply use a unique vendor
string for each different keyboard.
bindings_file is the pathname of the file containing the
bindings themselves. It can be a relative or absolute
pathname. If it it is a relative pathname, it is relative
to the location of the xmbind.alias file.
Comment lines in the xmbind.alias file begin with !.
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The bindings found in either the .motifbind file or the
vendor mapping are placed in a property on the root window.
This property is used to determine the bindings for
subsequent Motif applications.
On startup mwm attempts to load the file .motifbind in the
user's home directory. If this is unsuccessful, it loads
the vendor bindings as described above. It places the
bindings it loads in a property on the root window for use
by subsequent Motif applications.
xmbind loads bindings from a file if that file is specified
on the command line. If no file is specified on the command
line, it attempts to load the file .motifbind in the user's
home directory. If this fails, it loads the vendor bindings
as described above. It places the bindings it loads in a
property on the root window for use by subsequent Motif
applications.
The format of the specification for mapping "osf" keysyms to
actual keysyms is similar to that of a specification for an
event translation. The syntax is specified here in EBNF
notation using the following conventions:
[a] Means either nothing or a
{a} Means zero or more occurrences of a
Terminals are enclosed in double quotation marks.
The syntax of an "osf" keysym binding specification is as
follows:
binding_spec = {line "\n"} [line]
line = virtual_keysym ":" key_event
key_event = {modifier_name} "<Key>" actual_keysym
virtual_keysym = keysym
actual_keysym = keysym
keysym = A valid X11 keysym name that is
mapped by XStringToKeysym
As with event translations, more specific event descriptions
must precede less specific descriptions. For example, an
event description for a key with a modifier must precede a
description for the same key without the same modifier.
Following is an example of a specification for the
defaultVirtualBindings resource in a resource file:
*defaultVirtualBindings: \
osfBackSpace : <Key>BackSpace\n\
osfInsert : <Key>InsertChar\n\
...
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osfDelete : <Key>DeleteChar
The format of a .motifbind file or of a file containing
vendor bindings is the same, except that the binding
specification for each keysym is placed on a separate line.
The example specification above appears as follows in a
.motifbind or vendor bindings file:
osfBackSpace : <Key>BackSpace
osfInsert : <Key>InsertChar
...
osfDelete : <Key>DeleteChar
The following table lists the fixed fallback default
bindings for "osf" keysyms:
Fallback Default Bindings for "osf" Keysyms
"osf" Keysym Fallback Default Binding
____________________________________________
osfActivate <unbound>
osfAddMode Shift F8
osfBackSpace Backspace
osfBeginLine Home
osfClear Clear
osfCopy <unbound>
osfCut <unbound>
osfDelete Delete
osfDown Down
osfEndLine End
osfCancel Escape
osfHelp F1
osfInsert Insert
osfLeft Left
osfMenu F4
osfMenuBar F10
osfPageDown Next
osfPageLeft <unbound>
osfPageRight <unbound>
osfPageUp Prior
osfPaste <unbound>
osfPrimaryPaste <unbound>
osfQuickPaste <unbound>
osfRight Right
osfSelect Select
osfUndo Undo
osfUp Up
RELATED INFORMATION
xmbind(1X)
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