NAME

od − octal dump

SYNOPSIS

od [ −bcdosx ] [ file ] [ [ + ]offset[ . ][ b ] ]

DESCRIPTION

Od dumps file in one or more formats as selected by the first argument.  If the first argument is missing, −o is default.  The meanings of the format options are:

−b Interpret bytes in octal. 

−c Interpret bytes in ASCII.  Certain non-graphic characters appear as C escapes: null=\0, backspace=\b, form-feed=\f, new-line=\n, return=\r, tab=\t; others appear as 3-digit octal numbers. 

−d Interpret words in unsigned decimal. 

−o Interpret words in octal. 

−s Interpret 16-bit words in signed decimal. 

−x Interpret words in hex. 

The file argument specifies which file is to be dumped.  If no file argument is specified, the standard input is used. 

The offset argument specifies the offset in the file where dumping is to commence.  This argument is normally interpreted as octal bytes.  If . is appended, the offset is interpreted in decimal.  If b is appended, the offset is interpreted in blocks of 512 bytes.  If the file argument is omitted, the offset argument must be preceded by +. 

Dumping continues until end-of-file. 

EXAMPLE

od -d filea +2

produces an octal dump of "filea" divided up into 32-bit words expressed in decimal equivalents with the dump starting point offset by 2 octal bytes. 

SEE ALSO

dump(1). 

Version 2.1  —  January 02, 1985