INTRO(3) INTRO(3)
NAME
intro - introduction to subroutines and libraries
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <device.h>
#include <get.h>
#include <gl.h>
DESCRIPTION
This section describes functions found in various libraries,
other than those functions that directly invoke UNIX system
primitives, which are described in Section 2. Certain major
collections are identified by a letter after the section
number:
(3C) These functions, together with those of Section 2 and
those marked (3S), constitute the Standard C Library
libc, which is automatically loaded by the C compiler,
cc(1). The link editor ld(1) searches this library
under the -lc option. Declarations for some of these
functions may be obtained from #include files
indicated on the appropriate pages.
(3G) These functions constitute the IRIS Graphics Library
which are documented in the Graphics Library User's
Guide. If the -Zg flag is specified, the C compiler
searches this library. Declarations for these
functions may be obtained from the #include file
<gl.h>, <device.h>, and <get.h> define other constants
used by the Graphics Library.
(3M) These functions constitute the Math Library, libm.
The link editor searches this library in response to
the -lm option to ld(1) or cc(1). Declarations for
these functions may be obtained from the #include file
<math.h>.
(3S) These functions constitute the ``standard I/O
package'' (see stdio(3S)). These functions are in the
library libc, already mentioned. Declarations for
these functions may be obtained from the #include file
<stdio.h>.
(3B) Berkeley compatibility routines. This library
provides compatible implementations of a limited
subset of the functions provided by the Standard C
Library in the Berkeley 4.3 Distribution of UNIX.
Include files needed for routines in this library are
in the tree /usr/include/bsd. It is recommended that
the -I/usr/include/bsd compiler control be supplied
Page 1 (last mod. 8/20/87)
INTRO(3) INTRO(3)
when compiling programs that call (3B) routines. This
library will be searched by the loader when the -lbsd
flag is supplied.
(3N) These functions constitute the internet network
library. Compiling instructions are the same as for
(3B) routines.
(3R) RPC services built on top of SUN's Remote Procedure
Call protocol. To compile and link a program that
calls any of these routines, use a compile command of
the form:
cc -I/usr/include/sun -I/usr/include/bsd prog.c
-lrpcsvc -lsun -lbsd
Note that this library is provided as part of the NFS
option package, so it may not be present on all
systems.
(3Y) Yellow Pages routines and RPC support routines. This
library contains routines that provide a programmatic
interface to SUN's Yellow Pages distributed lookup
service. The library also contains Yellow Pages
versions of standard routines like getpwent(3) that
are different in a YP environment. The routines that
implement the RPC protocol also reside in this
library. To compile and link a program that calls
(3Y) routines, use a compile command of the form:
cc -I/usr/include/sun -I/usr/include/bsd prog.c -lsun
-lbsd
This is required because routines in the (3Y) library
call routines in the (3B) library. Note that the
order of the libraries must be as given in order for
the references to be resolved. This library is
provided as part of the NFS option package, so it may
not be present on all systems.
(3X) Various specialized libraries. The files in which
these libraries are found are given on the appropriate
pages.
DEFINITIONS
A character is any bit pattern able to fit into a byte on
the machine. The null character is a character with value
0, represented in the C language as '\0'. A character array
is a sequence of characters. A null-terminated character
array is a sequence of characters, the last of which is the
null character. A string is a designation for a null-
terminated character array. The null string is a character
array containing only the null character. A NULL pointer is
the value that is obtained by casting 0 into a pointer. The
C language guarantees that this value will not match that of
any legitimate pointer, so many functions that return
pointers return it to indicate an error. NULL is defined as
0 in <stdio.h>; the user can include his own definition if
he is not using <stdio.h>.
FILES
/usr/lib/libc.a
Page 2 (last mod. 8/20/87)
INTRO(3) INTRO(3)
/usr/lib/libm.a
/usr/lib/libgl.a
/usr/lib/libbsd.a
/usr/lib/libsun.a
/usr/lib/librpcsvc.a
SEE ALSO
Graphics Library User's Guide
ar(1), cc(1), ld(1), nm(1), intro(2), stdio(3S).
DIAGNOSTICS
Functions in the Math Library (3M) may return the values 0
(on underflow), +oo (overflow), and NaN (on illegal
operation) .
ORIGIN
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Page 3 (last mod. 8/20/87)