dos(ADM) 06 January 1993 dos(ADM) Name dos - run DOS and Windows under UNIX (DOS Services) Syntax dos [options] DOS [options] dosprogram win [options] win [options] winprogram dosopt options [dos | win | dosorwinprogram] Description The dos command runs an MS-DOS environment under UNIX The win command runs a Windows 3.1 environment under UNIX. The dosopt command allows users to set their default DOS and Windows environment options. To start a DOS environment type: dos from the UNIX prompt or double-click on the DOS icon in the Accessories folder. To start a Windows environment type: win or double-click on the Win icon in the Accessories folder. (Windows 3.1 must be installed and its path must be set in your DOS AUTOEXEC.BAT file for this command to work. Use the winsetup command or WinSetup icon to install Windows). Use the dosopt command or the DOS Options Dialog Box to set or change your DOS and Windows environment options. (See OPTIONS below). The dosopt command and the DOS Options Dialog Box can also be used to set environ- ment options directly into individual DOS or Windows programs. To invoke the DOS Options Dialog Box place your mouse cursor on the DOS or Win icon (or a DOS or Windows program) then double-click the middle button on your mouse. (On a two button mouse double-click with both buttons). If running DOS or Windows under X you must define the XMERGE environment variable or use the +x option.(see OPTIONS for a description of the +x option). If you start a DOS session under X (e.g. via Xterm) without set- ting this variable, an ASCII based monochrome DOS session will start, but graphics, color, and full PC keyboard emulation will not be supported in such a session. The XMERGE variable can be set to vga, cga, or herc (e.g. XMERGE=vga; export XMERGE). However XMERGE should not be set if running outside of X. If you attempt to start dos or win with XMERGE defined when you are not running an X server, you will see the following error message: X Toolkit Error: Can't open display.XXX XMERGE is already set when you run DOS on a local X server, however you must set it yourself when running on a remote X server. DOS options When using the DOS Options Dialog Box to set options you can either click on the "start" button to start a DOS or Windows environment with the selected options, or click on the "Apply" button to save your options. Remember that you can use the dosopt command and the DOS Options Dialog Box on individual DOS and Windows programs. (Programs with .EXE, .BAT and .COM extensions). Below is the list of DOS options for use with the com- mands "dos", "win", and "dosopt". See your documentation for information on options available in the DOS Options Dialog Box and further details on the options described below. +adosdevice Attaches devices to DOS or Windows environments. Most standard de- vices are automatically attached to your DOS or Windows environment upon startup. However devices such as COM ports (+acom1), DOS par- titions (+af:=dosd) or EMS memory (+aems2) must be attached using this option. When running a DOS session in text mode you can use the key sequence: Ctrl-Esc Ctrl-i to see the list of currently attached devices. -adosdevice Un-assign a device that would otherwise be automatically attached. +b Specifies that an MS-DOS program is stream-oriented - "behaved". -b Specifies that an MS-DOS program is display-oriented - "ill- behaved". +c Passes the program name directly to DOS or Windows, without inter- preting the program's internal dosopt record. This option cannot be used with dosopt. +d[drive] Sets initial current drive. +e[file[,file ...]] Interprets one or more "files" instead of the default CONFIG.SYS configuration file. If "files" is not specified then your standard CONFIG.SYS file is used. Note: there are no spaces between +e and files. -e Does not interpret any configuration file. +h Displays help text. +l[imagefile] Loads an MS-DOS image file. If "imagefile" is specified an alterna- tive image file is loaded. Note: there are no spaces between +l and imagefile. -l Starts an MS-DOS environment using no images. I.e. it attempts to boot from any floppy that is inserted in drive A:. +mn Specifies the total memory in Megabytes. Values 1 through 15 can be used. Use the value 1 for DOS and DOS programs. Use values 3 - 15 for Windows. +p[file] Runs the DOS batch program: "file" in the place of the standard AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If "file" is not specified then the standard AUTOEXEC.BAT file is run. Note: there are no spaces between +p and file. -p Does not run the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. +sn Sets printer timeout to n seconds. -s No printer timeout. +t For all programs passed as an argument to the commands "dos" and "win", this option translates UNIX style path separators (slashes = /) to DOS style separators (backslashes = \ ), and UNIX style switch characters (dashes = -) to DOS style switch characters (slashes = /). So the command "dos dir /etc -w" becomes "dir \etc /w" before it is passed on to DOS. This option cannot be used with dosopt. -t Does not translate arguments and passes them to DOS or Windows as is. +x Run DOS or Windows under X. Must use this option or set the XMERGE environment variable when running DOS or Windows under X. This option cannot be used with dosopt. +v Display current DOS options. Can be used only with dosopt. -y Insert a NULL DOS options record into a DOS program. Can be used only with dosopt. +z Remove an option (set the option to its default value). Can be used only with dosopt. +Z Remove all options (set the options to their default values). Can be used only with dosopt. The default values are: -b Specifies a display-oriented program. +dc Sets the initial current drive to C:. +e Interprets /config.sys and $HOME/config.sys. +l Loads default MS-DOS image. +m1 1 Mbyte for the DOS environment. +m3 3 Mbytes for the Windows environment. +p Runs /autoexec.bat and $HOME/autoexec.bat +s15 15-second printer timeout for DOS. +s40 40-second printer timeout for Windows. +t Interprets command-line arguments in the standard way. X resources You should refer to the file /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/DOS for a complete list of X resources. Here are the important X resources and their default values: dosfont Sets the default DOS font. Values "6x13pc", "8x14pc" and "auto" can be used. The default is "auto" which sets the size automatically depending on the size of your X screen. dosmenukey Specifies the key sequence to generate the dos menu. The default is ALT-D. windowsWidth Specifies the width of the Windows window in pixels. The default value of "auto" causes the width to be 80% of your X screen. windowsHeight Specifies the height of the Windows window in pixels. The default value of "auto" causes the height to be 80% of your X screen. autofreeze The value "on" can be used to freeze the DOS or Windows window when the mouse focus is moved to another window. Default value is "off". autozoom The value "on" can be used to cause the DOS window to zoom automati- cally when it goes into VGA graphics mode. Default value is "off". When running under X you can use the key sequence: alt-d to invoke a Menu that will let you control your DOS window under X. Refer to the descrip- tion of DOS Menu in your documentation for more information on this menu. Files /bin/dos Runs MS-DOS . Linked to /etc/dosexec. /bin/win Runs Windows 3.1. Linked to /etc/dosexec. /usr/bin/dosopt Utility that installs MS-DOS options. /usr/dbin Directory containing the standard MS-DOS utilities. /usr/dbin/quit.com Program that exits MS-DOS. /etc/dosdev Holds device definitions. /usr/lib/merge Directory containing Merge files. /usr/merge Directory containing Merge system files. Notes Although MS-DOS is provided as part of the standard DOS under UNIX pack- age, Windows 3.1 is not. Users must install Windows 3.1 before they can use it under UNIX. See your documentation for details on installing Win- dows 3.1.