NAME

as − assembler

SYNOPSIS

as [ −a1-16 ] [ [ −d124 ] [ −L ] [ −W ] [ −V ] [ −J ] [ −R ] [ −t directory ] [ −o objfile ] [ name ... ]

DESCRIPTION

As assembles the named files, or the standard input if no file name is specified.  The available flags are:

−a Specifies the alignment of procedures and data blocks.  It is given as a power of two; thus an alignment of 3 causes alignment on an eight byte boundary.  The default is −a2. 

−d Specifies the number of bytes to be assembled for offsets which involve forward or external references, and which have sizes unspecified in the assembly language.  The default is −d4. 

−L Save defined labels beginning with a ‘L’, which are normally discarded to save space in the resultant symbol table.  The compilers generate such temporary labels. 

−V Use virtual memory for some intermediate storage, rather than a temporary file. 

−W Do not complain about errors. 

−J Use long branches to resolve jumps when byte-displacement branches are insufficient.  This must be used when a compiler-generated assembly contains branches of more than 32k bytes. 

−R Make initialized data segments read-only, by concatenating them to the text segments.  This obviates the need to run editor scripts on assembly code to make initialized data read-only and shared. 

−t Specifies a directory to receive the temporary file, other than the default /tmp. 

All undefined symbols in the assembly are treated as global. 

The output of the assembly is left on the file objfile; if that is omitted, a.out is used. 

FILES

/tmp/as∗default temporary files
a.outdefault resultant object file

SEE ALSO

ld(1), nm(1), adb(1), dbx(1), a.out(5)
Auxiliary documentation Assembler Reference Manual. 

AUTHORS

John F. Reiser
Robert R. Henry

BUGS

−J should be eliminated; the assembler should automatically choose among byte, word and long branches. 

4th Berkeley Distribution  —  May 8, 1986