NAME

od − octal dump

SYNOPSIS

od [ −bcDdFfOoSsvXx ] [ file ] [ [ + ]offset[ . | b ] ]

DESCRIPTION

od displays file in one or more formats, as selected by the first argument.  If the first argument is missing, −o is default.  If no file is specified, the standard input is used.  For the purposes of this description, "word" refers to a 16-bit unit, independent of the word size of the machine; "long word" refers to a 32-bit unit, and "double long word" refers to a 64-bit unit.  The meanings of the format options are:

−b Interpret bytes in octal. 

−c Interpret bytes as single-byte characters.  Multibyte characters are treated as non-graphic characters.  Certain non-graphic characters appear as C-language escapes: null=\0, backspace=\b, form-feed=\f, new-line=\n, return=\r, tab=\t; others appear as 3-digit octal numbers.  For example: echo "hello world" | od -c
0000000   h   e   l   l   o       w   o   r   l   d  \n
0000014

−D Interpret long words in unsigned decimal. 

−d Interpret words in unsigned decimal. 

−F Interpret double long words in extended precision. 

−f Interpret long words in floating point. 

−O Interpret long words in unsigned octal. 

−o Interpret words in octal. 

−S Interpret long words in signed decimal. 

−s Interpret words in signed decimal. 

−v Show all data (verbose). 

−X Interpret long words in hex. 

−x Interpret words in hex. 

offset specifies an offset from the beginning of file where the display will begin.  The value of the offset argument must be specified in bytes.  offset is normally interpreted as octal bytes.  If . is appended, offset is interpreted in decimal.  If x is appended, offset is interpreted in hexadecimal.  If b is appended, offset is interpreted in blocks of 512 bytes.  If file is omitted, offset must be preceded by +. 

The display continues until an end-of-file is reached. 

INTERNATIONAL FUNCTIONS

od can process characters from supplementary code sets. 

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