SYSADM(1) (Essential Utilities) SYSADM(1)
NAME
sysadm - menu interface to do system administration
SYNOPSIS"
sysadm [ sub-command ]
DESCRIPTION
This command, when invoked without an argument, presents a
menu of system administration sub-commands from which the
user selects. If the optional argument is used, the named
sub-command is run or the named sub-menu is presented.
The sysadm command may be given a password. See admpasswd
in the SUBCOMMANDS section.
SUB-COMMANDS
The following menus of sub-commands are available. (The
number of bullets (⊕) in front of each item indicates the
level of the menu or subcommand.)
⊕ diagnostics
system diagnostics menu
These subcommands look for and sometimes repair
problems in the system. Those subcommands that issue
reports allow you to determine if there are detectable
problems. Commands that attempt repair are for repair
people only. You must know what you are doing!
⊕ ⊕ diskrepair
disk repair menu
The subcommands in this menu advise about repairing
errors on built-in hard disks.
WARNING: Because this is a repair function, it should
be performed only by qualified personnel.
NOTE: Reports of disk errors usually reflect the loss
of files and/or damage to data, and require that you
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restore the repaired disk from backup copies.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ badtracks
badtracks management menu
The subcommands in this menu provide functions for
dynamically redirecting disk tracks which have
developed defects since installation. It advises of
any files corrupted and repairs any file system damage
resulting from the redirection.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ delfsckfiles
The redirect command creates fsck files containing
information regarding the files that have been affected
by the redirection of tracks. The fixfsys command uses
these fsck files to repair the file system. After the
fixfsys command has completed repairing the file
system, these fsck files can be deleted using the
delfsckfiles command.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ fixfsys
The fixfsys command uses the information specified in
the fsck files (created by redirecting bad tracks) to
fix the affected file system. The fsck files reside in
the /etc/badtracks directory and begin with an F"
prefix.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ redirect
The redirect command remaps bad data tracks on the disk
to good data tracks. This is used when a track has been
reported damaged and unusable. After using this
utility, use the fixfsys command to get a list of the
files which are corrupted (i.e., they had contents on
the damaged track).
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ updbadlist
is used when it becomes necessary to update the copy of
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the badtrack list in /etc/badtracks because the current
copy has been destroyed, track redirection was done
from a bootable tape, or the list was not kept up-to-
date.
⊕ ⊕ diskreport
report on built-in disk errors
This subcommand shows you if the system has collected
any information indicating that there have been errors
while reading the built-in disks. You can request
either summary or full reports. The summary report
provides sufficient information about disk errors to
determine if repair should be attempted. If the
message no errors logged is part of the report, then
there is probably no damage. If a number of errors is
reported, there is damage and you should call for
service. The full report gives additional detail for
the expert repair person trouble shooting complicated
problems. NOTE: Reports of disk errors usually result
in the loss of files and/or damage to data. It will be
necessary to restore the repaired disk from backup
copies.
⊕ diskmgmt
disk management menu
The subcommands in this menu provide functions for
removable disks. The subcommands include the ability
to format disks, copy disks, and to use disks as
mountable file systems. It also contains a menu of
subcommands for handling non-removable media.
Removable media are not supported by UniSoft System V,
nevertheless, these functions have been provided for
compatibility and possible future enhancements by the
user,
⊕ ⊕ checkfsys
check a removable disk file system for errors
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Checkfsys checks a file system on a removable disk for
errors. If there are errors, this procedure attempts
to repair them. (Not currently supported.)
⊕ ⊕ cpdisk
make exact copies of a removable disk
This procedure copies the contents of a removable disk
into the machine and then allows the user to make exact
copies of it. These copies are identical to the
original in every way. The copies are made by first
reading the original removable disk entirely into the
machine and then writing it out onto duplicate disks.
The procedure will fail if there is not enough space in
the system to hold the original disk. (Not currently
supported.)
⊕ ⊕ erase
erase data from removable disk
This procedure erases a removable disk by overwriting
it with null bytes. The main purpose is to remove data
that the user does not want seen. Once performed, this
operation is irreversible. (Not currently supported.)
⊕ ⊕ format
format new removable disks
Format prepares new removable disks for use. Once
formatted, programs and data can be written on the
disks. (Not currently supported.)
⊕ ⊕ hdsetup
Hard disk setup menu
The subcommands in this menu allow the user to format a
hard disk (182Mb ESDI), initialize disk-resident
configuration parameters, and install a new bootloader.
Formatting always includes bad-track initialization.
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⊕ ⊕ ⊕ bootloader
This command installs a new bootloader on a 182Mb ESDI
hard disk.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ inithdisk
This command initializes the disk-resident
configuration parameters and the software/hardware
bad-track management for a 182Mb ESDI hard disk.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ fmthdisk
This command formats a 182Mb ESDI hard disk. Formatting
always includes bad-track initialization.
⊕ ⊕ makefsys
create a new file system on a removable disk
Makefsys creates a new file system on a removable disk
which can then store data which the user does not wish
to keep on the hard disk. When mounted", the file
system has all the properties of a file kept on the
hard disk, except that it is smaller. (Not currently
supported.)
⊕ ⊕ mountfsys
mount a removable disk file system
Mountfsys mounts a file system, found on a removable
disk, making it available to the user. The file system
is unmounted with the umountfsys" command. (Not
currently supported.)
THE DISK MUST NOT BE REMOVED WHILE THE FILE SYSTEM IS
STILL MOUNTED.
IF THE FILE SYSTEM HAS BEEN MOUNTED WITH THE mountfsys
COMMAND, IT MUST BE UNMOUNTED WITH umountfsys.
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⊕ ⊕ umountfsys
unmount a removable disk file system
Umountfsys unmounts a file system, allowing the user to
remove the disk. (Not currently supported.)
THE DISK MUST NOT BE REMOVED UNTIL THE FILE SYSTEM IS
UNMOUNTED.
umountfsys MAY ONLY BE USED TO UNMOUNT FILE SYSTEMS
MOUNTED WITH THE mountfsys COMMAND.
⊕ filemgmt
file management menu
The subcommands in this menu allow the user to protect
files on the hard disk file systems by copying them
onto diskettes and later restoring them to the hard
disk by copying them back. Subcommands are also
provided to determine which files might be best kept on
diskette based on age or size. (Not currently
supported.)
⊕ ⊕ backup
backup files from integral hard disk to removable disk
or tape
Backup saves copies of files from the integral hard
disk file systems to removable disk or tape. There are
two kinds of backups:
A complete backup copies all files (useful in case of
serious file system damage)
An incremental backup copies files changed since the
last backup
The normal usage is to do a complete backup of each
file system and then periodically do incremental
backups. Two cycles are recommended (one set of
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complete backups and several incrementals to each
cycle). Files backed up with backup are restored using
restore. (Not currently supported.)
⊕ ⊕ diskuse
display how much of the hard disk is being used
Diskuse lets the user know what percentage of the hard
disk is currently occupied by files. The list is
organized by file system names.
⊕ ⊕ fileage
list files older than a particular date
Fileage prints the names of all files older than the
date specified by the user. If no date is entered, all
files older than 90 days will be listed. If no
directory is specified to look in, the /usr/admin
directory will be used.
⊕ ⊕ filesize
list the largest files in a particular directory
Filesize prints the names of the largest files in a
specific directory. If no directory is specified, the
/usr/admin directory will be used. If the user does
not specify how many large files to list, 10 files will
be listed.
⊕ ⊕ restore
restore files from "backup" and "store" media to
integral hard disk
Restore copies files from disks and tapes made by
"backup" and "store" back onto the hard disk. You can
restore individual files, directories of files, or the
entire contents of a disk or tape. The user can
restore from both incremental and complete media. The
user can also list the names of files stored on the
disk or tape. (Removable disks are currently not
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supported.)
⊕ ⊕ store
store files and directories of files onto disk or tape
Store copies files from the integral hard disk to disk
or tape and allows the user to optionally verify that
they worked and to optionally remove them when done.
Typically, these would be files that the user wants to
archive or restrict access to. The user can store
single files and directories of files. Use the restore
command to put stored files back on the integral hard
disk and to list the files stored. (Removable disks
are currently not supported.)
⊕ machinemgmt
machine management menu
Machine management functions are tools used to operate
the machine, e.g., turn it off, reboot, or go to the
firmware monitor.
⊕ ⊕ firmware
stop all running programs and enter firmware mode
This procedure will stop all running programs, close
any open files, write out information to the disk (such
as directory information), then enter the firmware
mode.
⊕ ⊕ powerdown
stop all running programs, then turn off the machine
Powerdown will stop all running programs, close any
open files, write out information to disk (such as
directory information), then turn the machine power
off.
⊕ ⊕ reboot
stop all running programs then reboot the machine
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Reboot will stop all running programs, close any open
files, write out information to disk (such as directory
information), then reboot the machine. This can be
used to get out of some types of system trouble, such
as when a process cannot be killed.
⊕ ⊕ whoson
print list of users currently logged onto the system
Whoson prints the login ID, terminal device number, and
sign-on time of all users who are currently using the
computer.
⊕ packagemgmt
package management
These submenus and subcommands manage various software
and hardware packages that you install on your machine.
Not all optional packages add subcommands here.
⊕ softwaremgmt
software management menu
These subcommands permit the user to install new
software, remove software, and run software directly
from the removable disk it is delivered on. The remove
and run capabilities are dependent on the particular
software packages. See the instructions delivered with
each package.
⊕ ⊕ installpkg
install new software package onto integral hard disk
Installpkg copies files from removable disk onto the
integral hard disk and performs additional work if
necessary so that the software can be run. From then
on, the user will have access to those commands.
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⊕ ⊕ listpkg
list packages already installed
This subcommand shows you a list of currently installed
optional software packages.
⊕ ⊕ removepkg
remove previously installed package from integral hard
disk
This subcommand displays a list of currently installed
optional software packages. Actions necessary to
remove the software packages specified by the user will
then be performed. The removable disk used to
installpkg the software is needed to remove it.
⊕ ⊕ runpkg
run software package without installing it
This package allows the user to run software from a
removable disk without installing it permanently on the
system. This is useful if the user does not use the
software often or does not have enough room on the
system. WARNING: Not all software packages have the
ability to run their contents this way. See the
instructions that come with the software package.
⊕ syssetup
system setup menu
System setup routines allow the user to tell the
computer what its environment looks like: what the
date, time, and time zone is, what administration and
system capabilities are to be under password control,
what the machine's name is, etc. The first-time setup
sequence is also here.
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⊕ ⊕ admpasswd
assign or change administrative passwords
Admpasswd lets you set or make changes to passwords for
administrative commands and logins such as setup and
sysadm.
⊕ ⊕ datetime
set the date, time, time zone, and daylight savings
time
Datetime tells the computer the date, time, time zone,
and whether you observe Daylight Savings Time (DST).
It is normally run once when the machine is first set
up. If you observe DST, the computer will
automatically start to observe it in the spring and
return to Standard Time in the fall. The machine has
to be turned off and turned back on again to guarantee
that ALL times will be reported correctly. Most are
correct the next time the user logs in.
⊕ ⊕ nodename
set the node name of this machine
This allows you to change the node name of this
machine. The node name is used by various
communications networks to identify this machine.
⊕ ⊕ setup
set up your machine the very first time
Setup allows the user to define the first login, to set
the passwords on the user-definable administration
logins and to set the time zone for your location.
⊕ ⊕ syspasswd
assign system passwords
Syspasswd lets the user set system passwords normally
reserved for the very knowledgeable user. For this
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reason, this procedure may assign those passwords, but
may not change or clear them. Once set, they may only
be changed by the specific login or the root" login.
⊕ ttymgmt
terminal management
This procedure allows the user to manage the computer's
terminal functions.
⊕ ⊕ lineset
show tty line settings and hunt sequences
The tty line settings are often hunt sequences where,
if the first line setting does not work, the line
hunts" to the next line setting until one that does
work comes by. This subcommand shows the various
sequences with only specific line settings in them. It
also shows each line setting in detail.
⊕ ⊕ mklineset
create new tty line settings and hunt sequences
This subcommand helps you to create tty line setting
entries. You might want to add line settings that are
not in the current set or create hunt sequences with
only specific line settings in them. The created hunt
sequences are circular; stepping past the last setting
puts you on the first.
⊕ ⊕ modtty
show and optionally modify characteristics of tty lines
This subcommand reports and allows you to change the
characteristics of tty lines (also called ports).
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⊕ usermgmt
user management menu
These subcommands allow you to add, modify and delete
the list of users that have access to your machine.
You can also place them in separate groups so that they
can share access to files within the group but protect
themselves from other groups.
⊕ ⊕ addgroup
add a group to the system
Addgroup adds a new group name or ID to the computer.
Group names and IDs are used to identify groups of
users who desire common access to a set of files and
directories.
⊕ ⊕ adduser
add a user to the system
Adduser installs a new login ID on the machine. You
are asked a series of questions about the user and then
the new entry is made. You can enter more than one
user at a time. Once this procedure is finished, the
new login ID is available.
⊕ ⊕ delgroup
delete a group from the system
Delgroup allows you to remove groups from the computer.
The deleted group is no longer identified by name.
However, files may still be identified with the group
ID number.
⊕ ⊕ deluser
delete a user from the system
Deluser allows you to remove users from the computer.
The deleted user's files are removed from the hard disk
and their logins are removed from the /etc/passwd file.
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⊕ ⊕ lsgroup
list groups in the system
Lsgroup will list all the groups that have been entered
into the computer. This list is updated automatically
by addgroup, and delgroup.
⊕ ⊕ lsuser
list users in the system
Lsuser will list all the users that have been entered
into the computer. This list is updated automatically
by adduser and deluser.
⊕ ⊕ modadduser
modify defaults used by adduser
Modadduser allows the user to change some of the
defaults used when adduser creates a new login.
Changing the defaults does not effect any existing
logins, only logins made from this point on.
⊕ ⊕ modgroup
make changes to a group on the system
Modgroup allows the user to change the name of a group
that the user enters when addgroup is run to set up new
groups.
⊕ ⊕ moduser
menu of commands to modify a user's login
This menu contains commands that modify the various aspects
of a user's login.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ chgloginid
change a user's login ID
This procedure allows the user to change a user's login
ID. Administrative and system logins cannot be
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changed.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ chgpasswd
change a user's password
This procedure allows removal or change of a user's
password. Administrative and system login passwords
channot be changed. To change administrative and
system login passwords, see the system setup menu:
sysadm syssetup.
⊕ ⊕ ⊕ chgshell
change a user's login shell
This procedure allows the user to change the command
run when a user logs in. The login shell of the
administrative and system logins cannot be changed by
this procedure.
EXAMPLES
sysadm adduser
FILES
The files that support sysadm are found in /usr/admin.
The menu starts in directory /usr/admin/menu.
SEE ALSO
sledit(1M).
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