GPROF(1,C)                  AIX Commands Reference                   GPROF(1,C)



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gprof



PURPOSE

Produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or FORTRAN77 programs.

SYNTAX


         +-------------+   +-- a.out ---+
gprof ---| +---------+ |---|            |---|
         +-| -a      |-+   +- gmon.out -+
          ^| -b      ||
          || -c      ||
          || -e name ||
          || -E name ||
          || -f name ||
          || -F name ||
          || -s      ||
          || -S      ||
          || -z      ||
          |+---------+|
          +-----------+


DESCRIPTION

The gprof command produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or FORTRAN77
programs.  The effect of called routines is incorporated in the profile of each
caller.  The profile data is taken from the call graph profile file (gmon.out
default) which is created by programs which are compiled with the -pg option of
cc, pc, and f77.  That option also links in versions of the library routines
which are compiled for profiling.  The symbol table in the named object file
(a.out default) is read and correlated with the call graph profile file.  If
more than one profile file is specified, the gprof output shows the sum of the
profile information in the given profile files.

First, a flat profile is given, similar to that provided by prof.  This listing
gives the total execution times and call counts for each of the functions in
the program, sorted by decreasing time.

Next, these times are propagated along the edges of the call graph.  Cycles are
discovered, and calls into a cycle are made to share the time of the cycle.  A
second listing shows the functions sorted according to the time they represent
including the time of their call graph descendents.  Below each function entry
is shown its (direct) call graph children, and how their times are propagated
to this function.  A similar display above the function shows how this
function's time and the time of its descendents is propagated to its (direct)
call graph parents.



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GPROF(1,C)                  AIX Commands Reference                   GPROF(1,C)




Cycles are also shown, with an entry for the cycle as a whole and a listing of
the members of the cycle and their contributions to the time and call counts of
the cycle.

FLAGS

-a         Suppresses the printing of statically declared functions.  If this
           option is given, all relevant information about the static function
           (for example, time samples, calls to other functions, calls from
           other functions) belongs to the function loaded just before the
           static function in the a.out file.

-b         Supresses the printing of a description of each field in the
           profile.

-c         The static call graph of the program is discovered by a heuristic
           which examines the text space of the object file.  Static-only
           parents or children are indicated with call counts of 0.

-e name    Suppresses the printing of the graph profile entry for routine name
           and all its descendants (unless they have other ancestors that
           aren't suppressed).  More than one -e option may be given.  Only one
           name may be given with each -e option.

-E name    Suppresses the printing of the graph profile entry for routine name
           (and its descendants) as -e, above, and also excludes the time spent
           in name (and its descendants) from the total and percentage time
           computations.  (For example, -E mcount -E mcleanup is the default.)

-f name    Prints the graph profile entry of only the specified routine name
           and its descendants.  More than one -f option may be given.  Only
           one name may be given with each -f option.

-F name    Prints the graph profile entry of only the routine name and its
           descendants (as -f, above) and also uses only the times of the
           printed routines in total time and percentage computations.  More
           than one -F option may be given.  Only one name may be given with
           each -F option.  The -F option overrides the -E option.

-s         A profile file gmon.sum is produced which represents the sum of the
           profile information in all the specified profile files.  This
           summary profile file may be given to subsequent executions of gprof
           (probably also with a -s) to accumulate profile data across several
           runs of an a.out file.

-S         Displays a summary of monitoring parameters and statistics on
           standard error.

-z         Displays routines which have zero usage (as indicated by call counts
           and accumulated time).  This is useful in conjunction with the -c
           option for discovering which routines were never called.



Processed November 8, 1990        GPROF(1,C)                                  2

GPROF(1,C)                  AIX Commands Reference                   GPROF(1,C)




FILES

a.out       The namelist and text space.
gmon.out    Dynamic call graph and profile.
gmon.sum    Summarized dynamic call graph and profile.

RELATED INFORMATION

See the following commands:  "cc" and "prof."













































Processed November 8, 1990        GPROF(1,C)                                  3