RESTORE(1M) — HP-UX

NAME

restore − restore file system incrementally

SYNOPSIS

/etc/restore key [ name ... ]

DESCRIPTION

Restore reads tapes dumped with the dump(1M) command. Its actions are controlled by the key argument. The key is a string of characters containing at most one function letter and possibly one or more function modifiers. Other arguments to the command are file or directory names specifying the files that are to be restored. Unless the h modifier is specified (see below), the appearance of a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory.

The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following letters:

r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory. This should not be done lightly; r should be used only to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear file system or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full-level zero restore. Thus,

/etc/newfs /dev/rdsk/c0d0s10 hp7933
/etc/mount /dev/dsk/c0d0s10 /mnt
cd /mnt
restore r

is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump. Another restore can be done to get an incremental dump in on top of this. Note that restore leaves a file restoresymtab in the root directory to pass information between incremental restore passes. This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been restored. A dump(1M) followed by a newfs(1M) and a restore is used to change the size of a file system.

R Restore requests a particular tape of a multi-volume set on which to restart a full restore (see r above). This allows restore to be interrupted and then restarted.

x The named files are extracted from the tape. If the named file matches a directory whose contents had been written onto the tape, and the h modifier is not specified, the directory is recursively extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible). If no file argument is given, then the root directory is extracted, which results in the entire content of the tape being extracted, unless h has been specified.

t The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the tape. If no file argument is given, then the root directory is listed, which results in the entire content of the tape being listed, unless h has been specified.

s The next argument to restore is used as the dump file number to recover. This is useful if there is more than one dump file on a tape.

i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape. After reading in the directory information from the tape, restore provides a shell-like interface that allows the user to move around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available commands are given below; for those commands that require an argument, the default is the current directory.

add [arg] The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are added to the extraction list (unless the h key is specified on the command line). File names on the extraction list are displayed with a leading * when listed by ls.

cd [arg] Change the current working directory to the specified argument.

delete [arg] The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are deleted from the extraction list (unless h is specified on the command line). The most expedient way to extract most files from a directory is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete unnecessary files.

extract All files named on the extraction list are extracted from the dump tape. Restore will ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work toward the first volume.

help List a summary of the available commands.

ls [arg] List the current or specified directory. Entries that are directories are displayed with a trailing /. Entries marked for extraction are displayed with a leading *. If the verbose key is set, the inode number of each entry is also listed.

pwd Print the full pathname of the current working directory.

quit Restore immediately exits, even if the extraction list is not empty.

verbose The sense of the v modifier is toggled. When set, the verbose key causes the ls command to list the inode numbers of all entries. It also causes restore to print out information about each file as it is extracted.

The following function modifier characters may be used in addition to the letter that selects the function desired:

f The next argument to restore is used as the name of the archive instead of /dev/rmt/0m. If the name of the file is −, restore reads from standard input. Thus, dump(1M) and restore can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system with the command

dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)

h Restore extracts the actual directory, rather than the files to which it refers. This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees from the tape.

m Restore will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name. This is useful if only a few files are being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file.

v Normally restore does its work silently. The v (verbose) modifier causes it to type the name of each file it treats preceded by its file type.

y Restore will not ask whether to abort the restore if gets a tape error. It will attempt to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it can.

DIAGNOSTICS

Restore complains about bad key characters.

Restore complains if it gets a read error. If the y modifier has been specified, or the user responds "y", restore will attempt to continue the restore.

If the dump extends over more than one tape, restore will ask the user to change tapes. If the x or i function has been specified, restore will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.

There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by restore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can "never happen". Common errors are given below.

filename: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape directory, but was not found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file, and from using a dump tape created on an active file system.

expected next file inumber, got inumber
A file not listed in the directory showed up. This can occur when using a dump tape created on an active file system.

Incremental tape too low
When doing an incremental restore, a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape, or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.

Incremental tape too high
When doing an incremental restore, a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded.

Tape read error while restoring filename

Tape read error while skipping over inode inumber

Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape-read error has occurred. If a file name is specified, the contents of the restored files are probably partially wrong. If restore is skipping an inode or is trying to resynchronize the tape, no extracted files are corrupted, although files may not be found on the tape.

Resync restore, skipped num blocks
After a tape-read error, restore may have to resynchronize itself. This message indicates the number of blocks skipped over.

WARNINGS

Restore can get confused when doing incremental restores from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.

A level-zero dump (see dump(1M) must be done after a full restore. Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode allocation; thus a full restore must be done to get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the contents of the files are unchanged.

AUTHOR

Restore was developed by the University of California, Berkeley.

FILES

/dev/rmt/0mthe default tape drive
/tmp/rstdr*file containing directories on the tape
/tmp/rstmd*owner, mode, and time stamps for directories
./restoresymtabinformation passed between incremental restores

Museum

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