DUMP(1M) — HP-UX
Series 300, 800 Only
NAME
dump − incremental file system dump
SYNOPSIS
/etc/dump [ key [ argument ... ] filesystem ]
DESCRIPTION
Dump copies to magnetic tape all files in the filesystem that have been changed after a certain date. This information is derived from the files /etc/dumpdates and /etc/checklist. The key specifies the date and other options about the dump. Key consists of characters from the set 0123456789dfnsuWw.
0−9 This number is the "dump level". All files modified since the last date stored in the file /etc/dumpdates for the same filesystem at lesser levels will be dumped. If no date is determined by the level, the beginning of time is assumed; thus, the option 0 causes the entire filesystem to be dumped.
d The density of the tape, expressed in BPI, is taken from the next argument. This is used in calculating the amount of tape used per reel. The default is 1600.
f Place the dump on the next argument file instead of the tape. If the name of the file is −, dump writes to the standard output.
n Whenever dump requires operator attention, notify all users in the group operator by means similar to wall(1).
s The size of the dump tape is specified in feet. The number of feet is taken from the next argument. When the specified size is reached, dump will wait for reels to be changed. The default tape size is 2300 feet.
u If the dump completes successfully, write the date of the beginning of the dump on file /etc/dumpdates. This file records a separate date for each filesystem and each dump level. The format of /etc/dumpdates is user-readable and consists of one free-format record per line: filesystem name, increment level and ctime(3C) format dump date. The file /etc/dumpdates may be edited to change any of the fields, if necessary.
W Print out the most recent dump date and level for each file system in /etc/dumpdates, indicating which file systems should be dumped. If the W option is set, all other options are ignored, and dump exits immediately.
w Operates like W, but prints only filesystems that need to be dumped.
If no arguments are given, the key is assumed to be 9u and a default file system is dumped to the default tape.
Sizes are based on 1600-BPI blocked tape; the raw magnetic tape device must be used to approach these densities. Up to 32 read-errors on the filesystem are ignored. Each reel requires a new process; thus parent processes for reels already written remain until the entire tape is written.
Dump requires operator intervention for these conditions: end of tape, end of dump, tape-write error, tape-open error or disk-read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32). In addition to alerting all operators implied by the n key, dump interacts with the control terminal operator when it can no longer proceed or if something is grossly wrong, by posing questions requiring "yes" or "no" answers.
Since making a full dump involves considerable time and effort, dump checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume. If for any reason writing that volume fails, dump will, with operator permission, restart itself from the checkpoint after the old tape has been rewound and removed, and a new tape has been mounted.
Dump reports information to the operator periodically, including typically low estimates of the number of blocks to write, the number of tapes it will require, time needed for completion, and the time remaining until tape change. The output is verbose, to inform other users that the terminal controlling dump is busy, and will be for some time.
DIAGNOSTICS
Many, and verbose.
AUTHOR
Dump was developed by the University of California, Berkeley.
FILES
/dev/rdsk/c0d0s0 default filesystem to dump from
/dev/rmt/0m default tape unit to dump to
/etc/dumpdates new format dump date record
/etc/checklist dump table: file systems and frequency
/etc/group to find group operator
SEE ALSO
Hewlett-Packard Company — Version B.1, May 11, 2021