NAME

stdio − standard buffered input/output stream file package

SYNOPSIS

#include <stdio.h>

FILE ∗stdin, ∗stdout, ∗stderr;

DESCRIPTION

The functions described in the entries of sub-class (3S) of this manual constitute an efficient, user-level I/O buffering scheme.  The in-line macros getc(3S) and putc(3S) handle characters quickly. The macros getchar and putchar, and the higher-level routines fgetc, fgets, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, fscanf, fwrite, gets, getw, printf, puts, putw, and scanf all use or act as if they use getc and putc; they can be freely intermixed.

A file with associated buffering is called a stream and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type FILE.  Fopen(3S) creates certain descriptive data for a stream and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all further transactions. Normally, there are three open streams with constant pointers declared in the <stdio.h> header file and associated with the standard open files:

stdin standard input file

stdout standard output file

stderr standard error file

A constant NULL (0) designates a nonexistent pointer. 

An integer-constant EOF (−1) is returned upon end-of-file or error by most integer functions that deal with streams (see the individual descriptions for details). 

An integer constant BUFSIZ specifies the size of the buffers used by the particular implementation. 

Any program that uses this package must include the header file of pertinent macro definitions, as follows:

#include <stdio.h>

The functions and constants mentioned in the entries of sub-class (3S) of this manual are declared in that header file and need no further declaration.  The constants and the following "functions" are implemented as macros (redeclaration of these names is perilous): getc, getchar, putc, putchar, ferror, feof, clearerr, and fileno.

A constant _NFILE defines the maximum number of open files allowed per process. 

SEE ALSO

close(2), lseek(2), open(2), pipe(2), read(2), write(2), ctermid(3S), cuserid(3S), fclose(3S), ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S), fseek(3S), getc(3S), gets(3S), popen(3S), printf(3S), putc(3S), puts(3S), scanf(3S), setbuf(3S), system(3S), tmpfile(3S), tmpnam(3S), ungetc(3S). 

DIAGNOSTICS

Invalid stream pointers will usually cause grave disorder, possibly including program termination.  Individual function descriptions describe the possible error conditions. 

Hewlett-Packard Company  —  Version B.1,  May 11, 2021