mksf(1M)
NAME
mksf − make a special (device) file
SYNOPSIS
/sbin/mksf [−C class | −d driver] [−D directory] [−H hw−path] [−I instance] [−q|−v]
[driver−options] [special−file]
/sbin/mksf [−C class | −d driver] [−D directory] [−H hw−path] −m minor [−q|−v] [−r]
special−file
DESCRIPTION
The mksf command makes a special file in the devices directory, normally /dev, for an existing device, a device that has already been assigned an instance number by the system. The device is specified by supplying some combination of the −C, −d, −H, and −I options. If the options specified match a unique device in the system, mksf creates a special file for that device; otherwise, mksf prints an error message and exits. If required, mksf creates any subdirectories relative to the device installation directory that are defined for the resulting special file.
For most drivers, mksf has a set of built-in driver options, driver−options, and special-file naming conventions. By supplying some subset of the driver options, as in the first form above, the user can create a special file with a particular set of characteristics. If a special−file name is specified, mksf creates the special file with that special file name; otherwise, the default naming convention for the driver is used.
In the second form, the minor number and special−file name are explicitly specified. This form is used to make a special file for a driver without using the built-in driver options in mksf. The −r option specifies that mksf should make a character (raw) device file instead of the default block device file for drivers that support both.
Options
mksf recognizes the following options:
−C class Match a device that belongs to a given device class, class. Device classes can be listed with the lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)). They are defined in the files in the directory /usr/conf/master.d. This option is not valid for pseudo devices. This option cannot be used with −d.
−d driver Match a device that is controlled by the specified device driver, driver. Device drivers can be listed with the lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)). They are defined in the files in the directory /usr/conf/master.d. This option cannot be used with −C.
−D directory Override the default device installation directory /dev and install the special files in directory instead. directory must exist; otherwise, mksf displays an error message and exits. See WARNINGS.
−H hw−path Match a device at a given hardware path, hw−path. Hardware paths can be listed with the ioscan command (see ioscan(1M)). A hardware path specifies the addresses of the hardware components leading to a device. It consists of a string of numbers separated by periods (.), such as 52 (a card), 52.3 (a target address), and 52.3.0 (a device). If a hardware component is a bus converter, the following period, if any, is replaced by a slash (/) as in 2, 2/3, and 2/3.0. This option is not valid for pseudo devices.
−I instance Match a device with the specified instance number. Instances can be listed with the −f option of the ioscan command (see ioscan(1M)). This option is not valid for pseudo devices.
−m minor Create the special file with the specified minor number minor. The format of minor is the same as that given in mknod(1M) and mknod(5).
−q Quiet option. Normally, mksf displays a message as each driver is processed. This option suppresses the driver message, but not error messages. See the −v option.
−r Create a character (raw) special file instead of a block special file.
−v Verbose option. In addition to the normal processing message, display the name of each special file as it is created. See the −q option.
Naming Conventions
Many special files are named using the ccardttargetddevice naming convention. These variables have the following meaning wherever they are used.
card The unique interface card identification number from ioscan (see ioscan(1M)). It is represented as a decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 255.
target The device target number, for example the address on a HP−FL or SCSI bus. It is represented as a decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 15.
device A address unit within a device, for example, the unit in a HP-FL device or the LUN in a SCSI device. It is represented as a decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 15.
Special Files
The driver-specific options (driver−options) and default special file names (special−file) are listed below.
asio0
−a access−mode Port access mode (0-2). The default access mode is 0 (Direct connect). The access−mode meanings are:
| access−mode | Port Operation |
| 0 | Direct connect |
| 1 | Dial out modem |
| 2 | Dial in modem |
−c CCITT.
−f Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).
−i Modem dialer. Cannot be used with −l.
−l Line printer. Cannot be used with −i.
−r fifo-trigger fifo-trigger should have a value between 0 and 3. The following table shows the corresponding FIFO trigger level for a given fifo-trigger value.
| fifo-trigger | Receive FIFO Trigger Level |
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 14 |
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
−x xmit-limit xmit-limit should have a value between 0 and 3. The following table shows the corresponding transmit limit for a given xmit-limit value.
| xmit-limit | Transmit Limit |
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 12 |
special−file The default special file name depends on the access−mode and whether the −i and −l options are used.
| access−mode | -i | -l | Special File Name |
| — | no | yes | ccardp0_lp |
| 2 | no | no | ttydcardp0 |
| 1 | no | no | culcardp0 |
| 0 | yes | no | cuacardp0 |
| 0 | no | no | ttycardp0 |
audio
−f format Audio format (0-3). The format meanings are:
| File Name Modifier | ||
| format | Audio Format | format-mod |
| 0 | No change in audio format | |
| 1 | 8-bit Mu-law | U |
| 2 | 8-bit A-law | A |
| 3 | 16-bit linear | L |
−o output-dest Output destination (0-4). The output-dest should have a value between 0 and 4. The following table shows the corresponding output destinations for a given output-dest value.
| File Name Modifier | ||
| output-dest | Output Destinations | output-mod |
| 0 | All outputs | B |
| 1 | Headphone | E |
| 2 | Internal Speaker | I |
| 3 | No output | N |
| 4 | Line output | L |
−r Raw, control access. This option cannot be used with either the −f or −o options.
special−file The default special file name depends on the options specified.
| Options | Special File Name |
| −r | audioCtl_card |
| −f 0 | audio_card |
| all others | audiooutput-modformat-mod_card |
The optional output-mod and format-mod values are given in the tables above. Note the underscore (_) before card in each special file name. Also note that for card 0, each file will be linked to a simpler name without the trailing _card.
autox0 schgr
Note that −i cannot be used with either −r or −p.
−i Ioctl; create picker control special file.
−p optical-disk[:last-optical-disk]
The optical disk number (starts with 1). If the optional :last-optical-disk is given then special files for the range of disks specified will be created.
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
special−file A special file cannot be given if a range of optical disks is given with the −p option. If one is given for the single disk case, the name will have an a appended to the end for the A-side device and a b appended to the end for the B-side device. The default special file name depends on whether the −r option is used.
| -r | Special File Name |
| yes | rac/ccardttargetddevice_optical-diska |
| rac/ccardttargetddevice_optical-diskb | |
| no | ac/ccardttargetddevice_optical-diska |
| ac/ccardttargetddevice_optical-diskb |
Note the underscore (_) between device and optical-disk.
CentIf
−h handshake-mode
Handshake mode. Valid values range from 1 to 6:
| handshake-mode | Handshake operation |
| 1 | Automatic NACK/BUSY handshaking |
| 2 | Automatic BUSY only handshaking |
| 3 | Bidirectional read/write |
| 4 | Stream mode (NSTROBE only, no handshaking) |
| 5 | Automatic NACK/BUSY with pulsed NSTROBE |
| 6 | Automatic BUSY with pulsed NSTROBE |
special−file The default special file name is ccardt0d0_lp for handshake-mode 2 and ccardt0d0hhandshake-mode_lp for all others.
disc1
−c This option must be present if the unit is a cartridge tape.
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
−s section The section number.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
−u unit The CS/80 unit number (for example, unit 0 for disk, unit 1 for tape).
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −c, −r, and −s options are used:
| -c | -r | -s | Special File Name |
| yes | yes | invalid | rct/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | yes | no | rdsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | yes | yes | rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
| yes | no | invalid | ct/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | no | no | dsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | no | yes | dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
disc2
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
−s section The section number.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
−u unit The cs80 unit number (typically 0).
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −r and −s options are used:
| -r | -s | Special File Name |
| yes | no | rdsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| yes | yes | rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
| no | no | dsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | yes | dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
disc3
−f Floppy.
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
−s section The section number.
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −r and −s options are used:
| -r | -s | Special File Name |
| yes | no | rdsk/ccardttargetddevice and |
| rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice | ||
| yes | yes | rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
| no | no | dsk/ccardttargetddevice and |
| floppy/ccardttargetddevice | ||
| no | yes | dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
disc4 sdisc
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
−s section The section number.
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −r and −s options are used:
| -r | -s | Special File Name |
| yes | no | rdsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| yes | yes | rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
| no | no | dsk/ccardttargetddevice |
| no | yes | dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection |
instr0
−a address The HP-IB instrument address (0-30). Cannot be used with the −t option.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics). Cannot be used with the −a option.
special−file The default special file name depends on the arguments −a and −t:
| -a | -t | Special File Name |
| no | no | hpib/ccard |
| no | yes | diag/hpib/ccard |
| yes | no | hpib/ccardttargetdaddress |
hil
Note that only one of −a, −k, or −r is allowed.
−a address The link address (1-7).
−k Cooked keyboard.
−n The hil controller device.
special−file The default special file name depends on the −a, −k, and −r options:
| Option | Special File Name |
| -a | hil_card.address |
| -k | hilkbd_card |
| -r | rhil_card |
Note the underscore (_) before card. Also note that for card 0, each file will be linked to a simpler name without _card, either hiladdress, hilkbd, or rhil.
lan0 lan1 lan2 lan3
Note that only one of −e or −i is allowed.
−e Ethernet protocol.
−i IEEE 802.3 protocol.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
special−file The default special file name depends on the −e, −i, and −t options:
| Option | -t | Special File Name |
| -e | no | ethercard |
| -e | yes | diag/ethercard |
| -i | no | lancard |
| -i | yes | diag/lancard |
lantty0
−e Exclusive access.
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −e option is used:
| -e | Special File Name |
| no | lanttycard |
| yes | diag/lanttycard |
lpr0 lpr1 lpr2 lpr3
−c Capital letters. Convert all output to uppercase.
−e Eject page after paper-out recovery.
−n No form-feed.
−o Old paper-out behavior (abort job).
−r Raw.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
−w No wait. Don’t retry errors on open.
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −r option is used:
| -r | Special File Name |
| no | ccardttargetddevice_lp |
| yes | ccardttargetddevice_rlp |
mux0 mux2 mux4 eisa_mux0
−a access−mode Port access mode (0-2). The default access mode is 0 (Direct connect). The access−mode meanings are:
| access−mode | Port Operation |
| 0 | Direct connect |
| 1 | Dial out modem |
| 2 | Dial in modem |
−c CCITT.
−f Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).
−i Modem dialer. Cannot be used with −l.
−l Line printer. Cannot be used with −i.
−p port Multiplexer port number (0−15 for mux0 and mux2; 0−1 for mux4; 0−256 for eisa_mux0). Some MUX cards controlled by a particular driver have fewer than the maximum supported ports.
−t Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).
special−file The default special file name depends on the access−mode and whether the −i and −l options are used.
| access−mode | -i | -l | Special File Name |
| — | no | yes | ccardpport_lp |
| 2 | no | no | ttydcardpport |
| 1 | no | no | culcardpport |
| 0 | yes | no | cuacardpport |
| 0 | no | no | ttycardpport |
pflop sflop
−r Raw; create character, not block, special file.
special−file The default special file name depends on whether the −r option is used:
| -r | Special File Name |
| no | floppy/ccardttargetddevice |
| yes | rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice |
ps2
Note that only one of −a, or −p is allowed.
−a auto_device Autosearch device. An auto_device value of 0 means first mouse; a value of 1 means first keyboard.
−p port PS2 port number.
special−file The default special file name depends on the −a, and −p options:
| Option | Special File Name |
| -a 0 | ps2mouse |
| -a 1 | ps2kbd |
| -p | ps2_port |
Note the underscore (_) before port.
scc1
−a access−mode Port access mode (0−2). The default access mode is 0. The access−mode meanings are:
| access−mode | Port Operation |
| 0 | Direct connect |
| 1 | Dial out modem |
| 2 | Dial in modem |
−b Port B.
−c CCITT.
−i Modem dialer. Cannot be used with −l.
−l Line printer. Cannot be used with −i.
special−file The default special file name depends on the access−mode and whether the −i and −l options are used.
| access−mode | -i | -l | Special File Name |
| — | no | yes | ccardpport_lp |
| 2 | no | no | ttydcardpport |
| 1 | no | no | culcardpport |
| 0 | yes | no | cuacardpport |
| 0 | no | no | ttycardpport |
schgr See autox0.
sdisk See disc4.
sflop See pflop.
stape
−a AT&T-style rewind/close.
−b bpi Bits per inch or tape density. The recognized values for bpi are:
BEST, D1600, D3480, D3480C, D6250, D6250C, D800, D8MM_8200, D8MM_8200C, D8MM_8500, D8MM_8500C, DDS1, DDS1C, DDS2, DDS2C, NOMOD, QIC_1000, QIC_11, QIC_120, QIC_1350, QIC_150, QIC_2100, QIC_24, QIC_2GB, QIC_525, QIC_5GB,
or a decimal number density code.
-c [code] Compression with optional compression code. The optional decimal code is used to select a particular compression algorithm on drives that support more than one compression algorithm. This option must be specified at the end of an option string. See mt(7) for more details.
−e Exhaustive mode. This option allows the driver to experiment with multiple configuration values in an attempt to access the media. The default behavior is to use only the configuration specified.
−n No rewind on close.
−p Partition one.
-s [block-size] Fixed block size mode. If a numeric block-size is given, it is used for a fixed block size. If the −s option is used alone, a device-specific default fixed block size is used. This option must be specified at the end of an option string.
−u UC Berkeley-style rewind/close.
−w Wait (disable immediate reporting).
−x index Use the index value to access the tape device driver property table entry. Recognized values for index are decimal values in the range 0 to 30.
special−file Put all tape special files in the /dev/rmt directory. This is required for proper maintenance of the Tape Property Table (see mt(7)). Device files located outside the /dev/rmt directory may not provide consistent behavior across system reboots. The default special file names are dependent on the tape drive being accessed and the options specified. All default special files begin with rmt/ccardttargetddevice. See mt(7) for a complete description of the default special file naming scheme for tapes.
tape1 tape2
−a AT&T-style rewind/close.
−b bpi Bits per inch or tape density. The recognized values for bpi are:
BEST, D1600, D3480, D3480C, D6250, D6250C, D800, D8MM_8200, D8MM_8200C, D8MM_8500, D8MM_8500C, DDS1, DDS1C, DDS2, DDS2C, NOMOD, QIC_1000, QIC_11, QIC_120, QIC_1350, QIC_150, QIC_2100, QIC_24, QIC_2GB, QIC_525, QIC_5GB, DLT_42500_24, DLT_42500_56, DLT_62500_64, DLT_81633_64, DLT_62500_64C, DLT_81633_64C,
or a decimal number density code.
-c [code] Compression with optional compression code. The optional decimal code is used to select a particular compression algorithm on drives that support more than one compression algorithm. This option must be specified at the end of an option string. See mt(7) for more details.
−n No rewind on close.
−o Console messages disabled.
−t Transparent mode, normally used by diagnostics.
−u UC Berkeley-style rewind/close.
−w Wait (disable immediate reporting).
−x index Use the index value to access the tape device driver property table entry. The recognized values for index are decimal values in the range 0 to 30.
−z RTE compatible close.
special−file Put all tape special files in the /dev/rmt directory. This is required for proper maintenance of the Tape Property Table (see mt(7)). Device files located outside the /dev/rmt directory may not provide consistent behavior across system reboots. The default special file names are dependent on the tape drive being accessed and the options specified. All default special files begin with rmt/ccardttargetddevice. See mt(7) for a complete description of the default special file naming scheme for tapes.
RETURN VALUE
mksf exits with one of the following values:
0 Successful completion.
1 Failure. An error occurred.
DIAGNOSTICS
Most of the diagnostic messages from mksf are self-explanatory. Listed below are some messages deserving further clarification. Errors cause mksf to abort immediately.
Errors
Ambiguous device specification
Matched more than one device in the system. Use some combination of the −d, −C, −H, and −I options to specify a unique device.
No such device in the system
No device in the system matched the options specified. Use ioscan to list the devices in the system (see ioscan(1M)).
Device driver name is not in the kernel
Device class name is not in the kernel
The indicated device driver or device class is not present in the kernel. Add the appropriate device driver and/or device class to the config input file and generate a new kernel (see config(1M)).
Device has no instance number
The specified device has not been assigned an instance number. Use ioscan to assign an instance to the device.
Directory directory doesn’t exist
The directory argument of the −D option doesn’t exist. Use mkdir to create the directory (see mkdir(1)).
EXAMPLES
Make a special file named /dev/printer for the line printer device associated with instance number 2.
mksf −C printer −I 2 /dev/printer
Make a special file, using the default naming convention, for the tape device at hardware path 8.4.1. The driver-specific options specify 1600 bits per inch and no rewind on close.
mksf −C tape −H 8.4.1 −b D1600 −n
WARNINGS
Many commands and subsystems assume their device files are in /dev; therefore, the use of the −D option is discouraged.
AUTHOR
mksf was developed by HP.
FILES
/dev/config I/O system special file
/etc/mtconfig Tape driver property table database
SEE ALSO
mkdir(1), config(1M), insf(1M), ioscan(1M), lsdev(1M), mknod(1M), rmsf(1M), mknod(2), ioconfig(4), mknod(5), mt(7).
Hewlett-Packard Company — HP-UX Release 10.20: July 1996