strtol(3C)                                                       strtol(3C)

NAME
     strtol, strtoul, atol, atoi, strtoll, strtoull, atoll - convert string
     to integer

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdlib.h>

     long int strtol(const char *str, char **endptr, int base);

     unsigned long int strtoul(const char *str, char **endptr, int base);

     long int atol(const char *str);

     int atoi(const char *str);

     long long strtoll(const char *str, char **ptr, int base);

     unsigned long long strtoull(const char *str, char **ptr, int base);

     long long atoll(const char *str);

DESCRIPTION
     strtol() returns as a long int the value represented by the character
     string pointed to by str. The string is scanned up to the first char-
     acter inconsistent with the base. Leading "white-space" characters [as
     defined by isspace() in ctype(3C)] are ignored.

     If the value of endptr is not (char **)NULL, a pointer to the charac-
     ter terminating the scan is returned in the location pointed to by
     endptr. If no integer can be formed, that location is set to str, and
     zero is returned.

     If base is positive (and not greater than 36), it is used as the base
     for conversion. After an optional leading sign, leading zeros are
     ignored; if base is 16, the characters "0x" or "0X" are also ignored.

     If base is zero, the string itself determines the base as follows:
     After an optional leading sign a leading zero indicates octal conver-
     sion, and a leading "0x" or "0X" hexadecimal conversion. Otherwise,
     decimal conversion is used.

     Truncation from long to int can, of course, take place upon assignment
     or by an explicit cast.

     If the value represented by str would cause overflow, LONGMAX or
     LONGMIN is returned (according to the sign of the value), and errno
     is set to the value ERANGE.

     strtoul() is similar to strtol() except that strtol() returns as an
     unsigned long int the value represented by str. If the value repre-
     sented by str would cause overflow, ULONGMAX is returned, and errno
     is set to the value ERANGE.



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strtol(3C)                                                       strtol(3C)

     strtoll() is similar to strtol() except that strtoll() returns as a
     long long int the value represented by str. If the value represented
     by str would cause overflow, LONGLONGMAX or LONGLONGMIN is returned
     (according to the sign of the value), and errno is set to the value,
     ERANGE.

     strtoull() is similar to strtoll() except that strtoull() returns as
     an unsigned long long int the value represented by str. If the value
     represented by str would cause overflow, ULONGLONGMAX is returned,
     and errno is set to the value, ERANGE.

     Except for behavior on error, atol(str) is equivalent to:

          strtol(str, (char **)NULL, 10).

     Except for behavior on error, atoi(str) is equivalent to:

          (int) strtol(str, (char **)NULL, 10).

     Except for behavior on error, atoll(str) is equivalent to:

          strtoll(str, (char **)NULL, 10).

RESULT
     If strtol() is given a base greater than 36, it returns 0 and sets
     errno to EINVAL.

ERRORS
     The following error code descriptions are function-specific. You will
     find a general description in introprm2(2) or in errno(5).

     The strtol() function will fail if:

     ERANGE      The value to be returned is not representable.

     The strtol() function may fail if:

     EINVAL      The value of base is not supported.

     The strtoul() function will fail if:

     EINVAL      The value of base is not supported.

     ERANGE      The value to be returned is not representable.

     The strtoul() function may fail if:

     EINVAL      No conversion could be performed.






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strtol(3C)                                                       strtol(3C)

NOTES
     Because no return value is reserved to indicate an error, an applica-
     tion wishing to check for error situations should set errno to 0, then
     call the function, then check errno. If it is non-zero, an error must
     have occurred.

     strtol() no longer accepts values greater than LONGMAX as valid
     input. Use strtol() instead.

     As the result is undefined for a non-representable return value for
     atol() and atoi(), you should use strtol() instead of these functions.

SEE ALSO
     ctype(3C), strtod(3C), scanf(3S), stdlib(5).








































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