ced(1) ced(1)
NAME
ced - full-screen text editor
SYNOPSIS
ced [option] [file]
DESCRIPTION
In a full-screen text editor, unlike a line editor, you can use the
arrow keys <CURSOR-UP>, <CURSOR-DOWN>, <CURSOR-RIGHT>, <CURSOR-LEFT>,
<HOME> and <ENTER> to move the cursor anywhere on the screen and can
then enter or modify text at that position. ced is menu-driven and
provides you with various editing modes. Depending on the mode you
select you can:
- enter text directly or
- enter commands for various editing functions, e.g. copy, delete
etc.
Layout of this description
The description of ced is subdivided into seven sections:
⊕ Command overview
⊕ Working with ced
- The screen
- The window
- The control panel
- Moving the cursor
- Selecting the mode
⊕ Description of the modes
⊕ Error messages
⊕ Files
⊕ Locale
⊕ Environment variables
The standard version of ced, in which the menu functions and error
messages appear in English (see LOCALE), is described below.
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OPTIONS
-f line-number
ced positions the cursor on the line indicated by line-number.
-s search-string
ced positions the cursor on the first line containing search-
string. If search-string is not present in the file, ced displays
the start of the file and positions the cursor on the first line.
file Name of the file you want to edit. If there is no file with this
name in the working directory, ced creates a new file.
file not specified:
ced opens the file which you were last editing with ced on your
terminal and positions the cursor at the position it last occu-
pied. It retrieves this information from the file
/var/ced/CEttyname.loginname.
If you have never opened a document with ced on your terminal
before, ced will issue an error message and exit.
Note:
If the size of file grows beyond the user file size limit in the
course of a ced session, file will no longer be backed up.
COMMAND OVERVIEW
The most important function keys, menu functions, and ced commands are
summarized below in tabular form under different function groups. You
will find more detailed descriptions in the section on WORKING WITH
CED.
Loading ced
______________________________________________________________________
| ced <RETURN> | Load ced with the file last edited |
|_________________________|___________________________________________|
| ced file <RETURN> | Load ced with the specified file |
|_________________________|___________________________________________|
Quitting ced
______________________________________________________________________
| <MENU> qy | Quit ced and save changes in current file |
|______________|______________________________________________________|
| <MENU> qn | Quit ced without saving changes |
|______________|______________________________________________________|
| <CTRL> @ | Quit ced (emergency exit) without saving changes |
|______________|______________________________________________________|
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General editing functions
______________________________________________________________________
| <MENU> e | Enter new text (overwrite mode) |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> i | Insert new text into old (insert mode) |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> a | Save text |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <F9> | Save in current file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> a <RETURN> | Save in current file |
| | In control panel: file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> a <RETURN> | Save in specified file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> qy | Quit ced and save in current file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> d | Switch documents |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> d <RETURN> | Switch to last file |
| | In control panel: file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> d <RETURN> | Switch to specified file |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <F10> | Switch documents |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> c | Execute commands |
| | In control panel: [area] command |
| | Values for area: |
| | nl lines from cursor position |
| | n paragraphs from cursor position |
| | - no input area; nothing deleted |
| | Default: cursor position to |
| | end of paragraph. |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> ! | Call shell (temporary escape to shell) |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> p | Program keys |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> x | Show programmed keys |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
| <MENU> t | Find tag |
|_______________________|_____________________________________________|
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Special text-editing functions
______________________________________________________________________
| <MENU> l | Edit line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> lb | Insert a blank line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> ld | Delete and buffer a line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> li | Retrieve and insert the buffered line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> lj | Join two lines |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> lr | Delete the remainder of a line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> ls | Split a line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> b | Edit line block |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> bb | Insert blank lines |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> bc | Copy the marked block |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> bd | Delete and buffer the marked block |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> bi | Retrieve and insert the marked block |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> bm | Mark a line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> r | Edit rectangle |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> rd | Delete a rectangle |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> rh | Horizontal insertion |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> rm | Mark a corner |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> ro | Copy with overwrite |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <MENU> rv | Vertical insertion |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
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Positioning
______________________________________________________________________
| <START> | Start of the file |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <HOME><HOME><CURSOR-UP> | First line of the file |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <HOME><HOME><CURSOR-DOWN> | Last line of the file |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <PAGE-UP> | Up 9 lines (½ window) |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <PAGE-DOWN> | Down 9 lines (½ window) |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <F15> | Down 19 lines (1 window) |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <F16> | Up 19 lines (1 window) |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <MENU> w | Position window |
| | To a particular line or column: |
| | In control panel: n (number) |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <RETURN><CURSOR-UP><CURSOR-DOWN>| line number n |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-LEFT><CURSOR-RIGHT> | column number n |
| | Relative to the current position:|
| | In control panel: +n or -n |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <RETURN><CURSOR-DOWN> | n lines down |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-UP> | n lines up |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-DOWN> | n lines down |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-LEFT> | n columns to the left |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-RIGHT> | n columns to the right |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <MENU> s | Search for string |
| | In control panel: search-string |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-DOWN>,<RETURN> or <F13> | Search forward |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
| <CURSOR-UP> or <F14> | Search backward |
|_________________________________|___________________________________|
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Cursor positioning
______________________________________________________________________
| <CURSOR-UP> | One line up |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <CURSOR-UP> | First line of window |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-UP> | First line of file |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <CURSOR-DOWN> | One line down |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <CURSOR-DOWN> | Last line of window |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-DOWN> | Last line of file |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <CURSOR-LEFT> | One character to the left |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <WORD-RIGHT> | Tab left (tab stops are in |
| | columns 1, 9, 17 etc.) |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <CURSOR-LEFT> | Left-hand edge of window |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-LEFT> | Start of line |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <WORD-RIGHT> | Start of line |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <CURSOR-RIGHT> | One character to the right |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <WORD-LEFT> | Tab right (tab stops are in |
| | columns 1, 9, 17 etc.) |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <CURSOR-RIGHT> | Right-hand edge of window |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-RIGHT> | End of line |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
| <HOME> <WORD-LEFT> | End of line |
|__________________________________|__________________________________|
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Keys
______________________________________________________________________
| <INSERT CHAR.> | Insert characters |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <DELETE CHAR.> | Delete characters |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <INSERT LINE> | Insert lines |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <DELETE LINE> | Delete lines |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <BACKSPACE> | Backspace; delete character left of cursor |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <CTRL-R> | Refresh screen |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <CTRL-@> | Quit ced (emergency exit; files not saved) |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
Delete characters in control panel
______________________________________________________________________
| <BACKSPACE> | Backspace; delete character left of cursor |
|__________________|__________________________________________________|
| <CTRL-X> | Delete everything entered |
|__________________|__________________________________________________|
Standard functions
______________________________________________________________________
| <START> | Start of file |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F9> | Save file |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F10> | Switch documents |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F11> | Mark line (2 marks) |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F12> | Copy line |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F13> | Search forward |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F14> | Search backward |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F15> | Page down |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F16> | Page up |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
| <F17> | Retrieve deleted line or line block |
|____________________|________________________________________________|
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WORKING WITH CED
ced works on a copy of the file you want to edit. ced does not trans-
fer the changes to the file itself until you
- quit ced and enter y to save your work (see q mode) or
- save the changes in the a mode. In this case you can also choose a
different file name.
The screen
** CED Text Editor V1.3 Line: 1 Column: 1 Name: file
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
You wish to enter text?
Please enter your text
The header line shows:
- the ced version string,
- the current line and column position of the cursor,
- the name of the file currently displayed in the window.
The window
The window shows an extract from the file you are editing (19 lines).
Blank lines at the bottom of a file are indicated by a tilde (~) at
the start of each line. The position of the cursor given in the header
line tells you which part of the file you are currently editing.
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You can shift the position of the window as shown below:
<PAGE-UP> up 9 lines (½ window),
<PAGE-DOWN> down 9 lines (½ window),
<F15> down 19 lines (1 window),
<F16> up 19 lines (1 window).
In w mode (position the window) you can shift the window by any amount
up, down, left or right.
The window moves automatically when the cursor reaches the edge of the
area displayed.
Lines that extend beyond the right edge have a continuation character
> in the last column.
The control panel
In the control panel, ced shows you the mode you have selected and the
functions which are available to you in this mode.
When you call ced, it always enters e mode (enter new text).
In some modes you can make entries in the control panel, e.g. the file
name in d mode (switch documents) or the character string to be
searched for in s mode (search for string).
An entry in the control panel can be corrected as follows:
<BACKSPACE> deletes characters one at a time
<CTRL-X> deletes everything you have entered
Moving the cursor
<CURSOR-UP> up
<CURSOR-DOWN> down
<CURSOR-RIGHT> right
<CURSOR-LEFT> left
<WORD-LEFT> tab right; tab stops are in columns 1,
9, 17, 25 etc.
<WORD-RIGHT> tab left
<HOME> This key is used to move to the edges
of the screen or document:
<HOME> <CURSOR-RIGHT> right-hand edge of the window
<HOME> <CURSOR-LEFT> left-hand edge of the window
<HOME> <CURSOR-UP> first line of the window
<HOME> <CURSOR-DOWN> last line of the window (unless end of
file comes first)
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<HOME> <WORD-LEFT> first column of the screen shifted 80
columns to the right
<HOME> <WORD-RIGHT> first column of the current window
<HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-RIGHT> last column (512)
<HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-LEFT> first column (1)
<HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-UP> first line of the file
<HOME> <HOME> <CURSOR-DOWN> last line of the file
Selecting the mode
Press the <MENU> key followed by a letter key in order to select one
of the functions listed below:
Key Function
<MENU> a save text
<MENU> b edit line block
<MENU> c execute command
<MENU> d switch documents
<MENU> e enter new text
<MENU> i insert text
<MENU> l edit line
<MENU> p program keys
<MENU> q quit ced
<MENU> r edit rectangle
<MENU> s search for string
<MENU> t find tag
<MENU> w position window
<MENU> x show programmed keys
<MENU>! call shell
<MENU> <HELP> displays a brief description of ced in English
You can page forward or backward in the brief description, just as in
any other file. If you specify a character string in s mode (search
for string), you can use key <F13> or <F14> to search for this string
in the brief description.
ced normally processes inputs immediately without your having to press
<RETURN>. Inputs in the control panel are the exception to this rule.
The keys have different functions depending on the mode you are
currently using.
Undoing a mode selection
If you have selected the wrong mode, press <MENU> again. This returns
you to the initial menu from which you can reselect the mode you
require.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE MODES
<MENU> a - Save text
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to save your text?
Please enter a file name or press <RETURN>
In the control panel you give the name of the file in which the text
that you are currently editing is to be stored. Then you press
<RETURN>. If you do not enter a file name, ced writes the text into
the current file. The name of the current file is shown in the header
line. The original contents of the file are overwritten.
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> b - Edit line block
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to edit a line block?
Please select one of the following functions: (b,c,d,i,m, <MENU>)
In this mode you can edit blocks of consecutive lines. This entails
marking the top and bottom lines of the range (function m).
The following functions are available:
m Mark a line:
Move the cursor to the required line and press the m key. ced
issues the following message in the control panel: MARK SET. It
is always the last two marks set which are valid. If a block of
lines is deleted (function d), the marks are also deleted.
If you only wish to edit a single line, you can mark it by press-
ing the m key twice.
b Insert blank lines:
A number of blank lines equal to the number contained in the
marked area are inserted above the cursor line.
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c Copy the marked area:
A copy of the marked area is inserted above the cursor line.
d Delete and buffer the marked area:
The marked area is deleted from the file and buffered. Each sub-
sequent delete and buffer operation overwrites the block last
buffered.
i Retrieve and insert the buffered area:
The last block deleted and buffered (function m) is inserted
above the cursor line.
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> c - Execute command
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to execute a command? -->
Please enter a command
In this mode you can call a Reliant UNIX command and pass an area of
your file to it as input. ced replaces this area with the output from
the executed command. You define the input area and the command to be
executed in the input line of the control panel as follows:
[area] command
area Input area for the command. This area of the file is passed to
the standard input of the command and deleted in the file.
area can be: nl, n, -, *
nl n lines from the cursor position.
n n paragraphs from the paragraph in which the cursor is
located. A paragraph is an area between two blank lines or
between the start of the file and the first blank line.
- Empty input area. Nothing is deleted from the file, and no
data is passed to the standard input of the Reliant UNIX
command.
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* All the lines from the line containing the cursor to the end
of the document
Caution:
If you put a blank in front of the asterisk (*), * will be
executed as a Reliant UNIX command. As the shell expands the
asterisk, there may be unexpected results.
area not specified:
The input area is the area from the cursor to the end of the
paragraph.
command
The command to be executed. If there is an invalid argument, ced
issues a message and does not delete the input area. All Reliant
UNIX commands are allowed, with the exception of commands such as
login, su, and any other commands which change the shell environ-
ment.
The output from the command is inserted at the point from which
the input has been deleted. If you do not want anything to be
deleted, you should specify an empty input area (0l or 0 or sim-
ply -).
Reliant UNIX commands that do not expect input (e.g. cat file)
must not be passed an input area as this could result in malfunc-
tioning. In this case you should always specify an empty area. If
the SHELL variable is not set, Reliant UNIX commands cannot be
executed.
<MENU> d - Switch documents
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to switch documents? -->
Please enter a file name or press <RETURN>
In the control panel you give the name of the other file you want to
edit. Then you press <RETURN>. In the window you see the start of the
new file. ced is now in e mode (enter new text).
If the file you name does not exist, ced asks whether the file is to
be created. If you respond with y, a new file is created.
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Editing files in parallel
If you have opened several files as described above, you can:
⊕ toggle from one file to another:
Just press <RETURN> in d mode. ced to the file you worked on last.
⊕ transfer text from one file to another:
- Areas which you have marked (in mode b, r or l) in one file can
be accessed directly from the other if you switch to the same
mode again.
- Buffered blocks can be retrieved in the other file (mode b or
l).
If you switch to the q mode (quit ced), ced asks you if you want to
have the current file saved. ced then does the same for the next open
file in which you have made changes, and so on. In this way you can
close all files edited during a ced session.
<MENU> e - Enter new text
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to enter text?
Please enter your text
This is the text entry mode. In this mode, you may overwrite any text
which is already in the file.
The following keys (in the INSERT or DELETE block as appropriate) may
prove useful:
<CHAR.> Insert or delete individual characters
<LINE> Insert or delete individual lines
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> i - Insert text
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to insert something in the text?
Please insert your text
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In this mode you can insert text. The existing text located at the
cursor position is shifted to the right, beyond the edge of the window
if necessary. The maximum possible length for a line is 512 charac-
ters. ced issues a message if the line gets too long.
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> l - Edit line
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to edit a line?
Please select one of the following functions: (b,d,i,j,r,s, <MENU>)
Use the cursor to select the line you want to manipulate.
b Insert a blank line:
A blank line is inserted above the cursor line.
d Delete and buffer the line:
The selected line is deleted and buffered. Each subsequent delete
and buffer operation overwrites the line last buffered.
i Retrieve and insert the buffered line:
The last line buffered is inserted above the cursor line.
j Join two lines:
The selected line and the line which follows it are joined to
form one line.
r Remove the remainder of the line:
The remainder of the line from the cursor onward is deleted.
s Split the line:
The rest of the line from the cursor position onward is written
on a new line.
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
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You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> p - Program keys
The text of the menu used last is displayed in the control panel.
In this mode you can assign character strings, text modules, cursor
movements, and mode changes to certain keys.
Although you can program almost any key in this way, preference should
be given to the function keys. When you subsequently press a key that
you have programmed, the character strings or instructions correspond-
ing to it are passed to ced.
Recording macros
When you switch to the "Program keys" mode, the word PROTO appears in
the header line. Everything that you do from here on is stored: text
that you enter, mode changes, etc.
To assign these actions to a key, press the <MENU> and <p> keys again.
ced displays the message:
****PRESS KEY TO BE CHANGED
Now press the key to which you wish to assign the stored actions. ced
switches back to e mode (enter new text).
Restricted keys
You can program all keys except <MENU> and <p>.
Preference should be given to keys <F1>, <F2> etc.
Note that although keys <F9> to <F17> are bound to standard functions
by ced (see Keys with special functions below), they can be repro-
grammed for other purposes. Reprogrammed keys lose their original
functions until restored by you, and as long as you save your text at
the end of your session they stay reprogrammed for future ced ses-
sions.
When you quit ced, your key assignments are automatically stored for
your login name (in the file /var/ced/CEkey.loginname). The next time
you invoke ced, the key assignments you programmed in your last ced
session will come into effect again.
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Cancelling key assignments
Since all keys have their original function assignments in mode p, you
can undo a macro assignment and restore the original function of the
key as follows:
Press <MENU> <p> (Program keys mode) followed by the key whose assign-
ment you wish to undo. The original function of the key is now stored
for the pending assignment. You then press <MENU> <p> and the key to
be programmed, i.e. the key whose assignment is to be restored.
<MENU> q - Quit ced
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
In q mode you can choose whether or not to save the changes that you
have made. Type y or n:
y (yes) You exit the editor and the changed file is saved; all
changes are now incorporated into your file.
n (no) You exit the editor without saving the changes, i.e. the
data that was originally in your file remains unaltered. Empty
files are deleted at the end of the session unless they were
already empty before the session began.
If after pressing <MENU> q you do not wish to terminate the ced ses-
sion but wish to continue, simply press <MENU> again. You will then be
shown the selection menu and you may continue normally.
<MENU> r - Edit rectangle
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to edit a rectangle?
Please select one of the following functions: (d,h,m,o,v, <MENU>)
A rectangle is an area of a file which you define by marking two diag-
onally opposite corners (function m).
m Mark a corner:
The position at which the cursor is located is marked when you
press the m key. ced displays the message: MARK SET. The valid
marks are always the last two marks set. Deleting a rectangle (d
function) also deletes the marks.
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d Delete a rectangle:
The marked rectangle is deleted. It is not buffered anywhere. If
you wish to reposition a rectangle, copy it first (function h, o
or v) and then delete the original.
h Horizontal insertion:
The marked rectangle is inserted, with its top left-hand corner
at the cursor position. Text in the lines involved from the cur-
sor column onward is shifted to the right.
o Copy with overwrite:
The marked rectangle is copied with its top left-hand corner at
the cursor position, overwriting existing text.
v Vertical insertion:
The marked rectangle is inserted above the line marked by the
cursor. The left-hand edge of the rectangle is on the column in
which the cursor is located.
If you press <CTRL-D>, the following text appears in the control
panel:
You wish to quit CED?
Would you like to save your text?: Enter y=yes or n=no
You can now continue as described under mode q.
<MENU> s - Search for string
The following text appears in the control panel:
You want to search for something? -->
Please enter the search string
You enter the character string that you wish to search for on the con-
trol panel. The search can be started with one of the following keys:
<CURSOR-DOWN> or <RETURN> Search forward towards end of file
<CURSOR-UP> Search back towards start of file
If the character string does not occur again before end/start of file
as appropriate, ced displays the message: TEXT NOT FOUND.
Leading and trailing spaces are significant. Unlike some other edi-
tors, ced does not recognize regular expressions.
The search function can be terminated with the <DEL> key at any time.
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<MENU> t - Find tag
If you have several C, Pascal, FORTRAN, lex or yacc source files that
are part of a large program suite, you can use the ctags command to
create a tag file containing the names and precise locations (i.e.
file and position) of all functions belonging to this program suite.
In the "Find tag" mode you enter the name of the function you want to
go to in the control panel. ced switches to the appropriate file and
positions the cursor on the definition of that function. The tag file
must be in the current directory and contain the name of the specified
function.
<MENU> w - Position window
The following text appears in the control panel:
You wish to position the window? -->
Please enter line, column or relative position (with prefix)
You can shift the window in two ways in this mode:
- to a particular line or column:
Enter an unsigned number in the control panel. The number must not
be larger than the total number of lines in the file. Then press
one of the following keys:
<RETURN> or <CURSOR-UP> or <CURSOR-DOWN>
The cursor is positioned at the specified line regardless of
whether this line is before or after the current line.
<CURSOR-LEFT> or <CURSOR-RIGHT>
The window starts at the specified column. The cursor stays in the
same line.
- relative to the current position:
Enter a decimal number n preceded by a "+" or "-" sign and press
one of the following keys:
<RETURN> n lines down
<CURSOR-DOWN> n lines down
<CURSOR-UP> n lines up
<CURSOR-LEFT> n columns to the left
<CURSOR-RIGHT> n columns to the right
It does not matter whether you enter +n or -n. The direction of
movement is determined by the arrow keys only.
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<MENU> x - Show programmed keys
The following text appears in the control panel:
TO CONTINUE PRESS <MENU>
In x mode you can display the keys that you have programmed and the
texts/actions assigned to them. A complete list is displayed on the
full screen, i.e. not in a ced window. The key is shown to the left of
the first colon, and the string/action assigned to it is shown to the
right.
The various symbols used, and their meanings are as follows:
-> <CURSOR-RIGHT> cursor right
<- <CURSOR-LEFT> cursor left
UP <CURSOR-UP> cursor up
DOWN <CURSOR-DOWN> cursor down
HOME <HOME> cursor home
MENU <MENU> pressed
RETURN <RETURN> pressed
Keys <F9> through <F17>, which are predefined by ced, are not
displayed. To return to the main menu, press <MENU>.
<MENU> ! - Call shell
The following text appears below the control panel:
>>> Exit to command shell, return to CED with the <CTRL-D> key.
This mode allows you to exit from ced temporarily. ced calls the pro-
gram that you have specified in the shell variable SHELL. You can set
this variable in your .profile file, for example. If SHELL is not set,
it is not possible to call a shell. In this way you can work in the
shell temporarily, without losing the contents of the edited file. You
terminate the shell and return to ced by pressing <CTRL-D>.
Keys with special functions
In addition to the keys already described, the following keys have
special functions:
<BACKSPACE> You can use this key to delete individual characters;
also applies to the control panel.
<CTRL-R> You can use these keys to refresh the screen contents if
they have been disturbed, e.g. by a message from a back-
ground process.
<CTRL-X> These keys allow you to delete everything you have
entered in the control panel.
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<CTRL-@> "emergency exit": if ced no longer responds to any input,
you can terminate it with this key combination. Any files
you have updated will not be saved.
If it is subsequently still not possible to input infor-
mation normally, consult the system administrator.
Predefined standard functions
<START> Go to start-of-file.
<F9> Save file.
<F10> Switch documents: change to a second file which you have
already opened in d mode (switch documents) and back
again.
<F11> Mark line: the cursor line is marked. It can then be
copied with <F12>.
<F12> Copy line: a copy of the line which you previously marked
with <F11> is inserted above the cursor line.
<F13> Search forward: you must previously have defined the
required character string in s mode.
<F14> Search backward, otherwise same as <F13>.
<F15> Go forward one page.
<F16> Go back one page.
<F17> Retrieve line: the last line or line block that you
deleted and buffered is retrieved and inserted (depending
on whether you were in mode l or b).
Insert the labeled strip supplied with your machine (showing the
predefined standard key functions) in the space provided on your key-
board.
ERROR MESSAGES
ced: no status document /var/ced/CEttyname.loginname, start not possi-
ble without document name
- You tried to call ced without naming the file you want to edit. The
file /var/ced/CEttyname.loginname does not contain any suitable
information on the file last edited. Call ced giving the name of
the file you want to edit.
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ERROR IN COMMAND EXECUTION
- You used an incorrect or unsuitable command in mode c (execute com-
mand).
- The syntax of the command you used is incorrect or invalid.
INVALID INPUT
- You pressed one of the arrow keys <HOME>, <CURSOR-LEFT> or
<CURSOR-RIGHT> in mode s (search for string), where you can only
use <CURSOR-UP>, <CURSOR-DOWN> and <RETURN>.
- You selected a non-existent function in mode b (edit line block), l
(edit line), or r (edit rectangle).
- You attempted to choose a non-existent mode from the menu.
- You tried to exit the brief description of ced under HELP by
repeatedly pressing <CTRL-D>. Exit HELP by pressing <MENU>.
- While in the selection menu you tried to terminate your ced session
by pressing <CTRL-D>. Use mode q instead (quit ced)
- You tried to exit mode s (search for string) or w (position window)
by pressing <CTRL-D>. Press <MENU> instead.
invalid key: press <MENU> to continue
You tried to exit mode x (display key assignments) by pressing
<CTRL-D>. Press <MENU> instead.
LINE TOO LONG
The line you are editing has grown longer than the permissible 512
characters. This can happen if:
- you enter an overlong line in mode e (enter new text), obviously
- you shift text to the right of the cursor beyond the 512th column
in mode i (insert text).
- you use the j function in mode l (edit line), and the combined
length of the two lines to be joined is greater than 512 charac-
ters.
- you use the h function in mode r (edit rectangle), and at least one
line of the rectangle that you insert horizontally produces more
than 512 characters when combined with the line already at that
position.
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NO ALTERNATIVE DOCUMENT AVAILABLE
When switching documents in mode d (switch documents), you did not
give the name of the document you wanted to switch to and there are no
other files open.
NO TEXT
You pressed function key <F13> (search forward) or <F14> (search back-
ward) in mode s (search for string) without having defined a search
string beforehand.
NO TEXT AVAILABLE
You marked a block in mode b (edit line block) and then attempted to
retrieve it using the i function or the function key <F17> without
first deleting and buffering it using the d function.
THIS KEY CANNOT BE CHANGED
You have made an attempt to program the <p> or <MENU> key in mode p
(program keys). You should only use alphanumeric keys (but not p) or
function keys <F1> through <F8> for macro assignments.
LOCALE
The LCMESSAGES environment variable governs the language in which
message texts and menu functions are displayed. If LCMESSAGES is
undefined or is defined as the null string, it defaults to the value
of LANG. If LANG is likewise undefined or null, the system acts as if
it were not internationalized.
The LCALL environment variable governs the entire locale. LCALL
takes precedence over all the other environment variables which affect
internationalization.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
CEDTABS
If this variable is set to NO, spaces are not converted to tabs
when a file is saved. However, initial tabs at the start of a
line that were already in the file when the session began are
retained.
TMPDIR
By default, temporary files are stored in the /tmp directory.
The TMPDIR variable defines the path under which ced stores tem-
porary files if there is not enough space available in /tmp.
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SHELL
In this variable you define the command interpreter to be used
when a shell is called or a command is executed. If this variable
is not set, it is not possible to call a subshell or run a com-
mand from ced.
TERM This variable defines the type of terminal. You cannot start ced
if this variable is not set.
FILES
/var/ced/CEkey.loginname
File in which your personal key assignments are stored.
/var/ced/CEttyname.loginname
File from which ced determines the file that you last edited with
ced and the position at which the cursor was last located.
/var/ced/CEerror.number
File in which error messages generated during the execution of a
Reliant UNIX command are temporarily stored.
/tmp/CEtextanumber
File containing all changes made to a document in the course of a
ced session.
/tmp/CEtextbnumber
Copy of the file that is being edited with ced.
SEE ALSO
ed(1), ex(1), sed(1), vi(1).
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