mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
NAME
mwm - The Motif Window Manager.
SYNOPSIS
mwm [options]
DESCRIPTION
mwm is an X Window System client that provides window management
functionality and some session management functionality. It provides
functions that facilitate control (by the user and the programmer) of
elements of window states such as placement, size, icon/normal display,
and input-focus ownership. It also provides session management functions
such as stopping a client.
Options
-display display
This option specifies the display to use; see X(1).
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to use.
-multiscreen
This option causes mwm to manage all screens on the display. The
default is to manage only a single screen.
-name name
This option causes mwm to retrieve its resources using the
specified name, as in name*resource.
-screens name [name [...]]/fP
This option specifies the resource names to use for the screens
managed by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen, only the
first name in the list is used. If mwm is managing multiple
screens, the names are assigned to the screens in order, starting
with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the first name, screen 1 the second
name, and so on.
Appearance
The following sections describe the basic default behaviors of windows,
icons, the icon box, input focus, and window stacking. The appearance
and behavior of the window manager can be altered by changing the
configuration of specific resources. Resources are defined under the
heading "X DEFAULTS."
Screens
By default, mwm manages only the single screen specified by the -display
option or the DISPLAY environment variable (by default, screen 0). If
the -multiscreen option is specified or if the multiScreen resource is
True, mwm tries to manage all the screens on the display.
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When mwm is managing multiple screens, the -screens option can be used to
give each screen a unique resource name. The names are separated by
blanks, for example, -screens mwm0 mwm1. If there are more screens than
names, resources for the remaining screens will be retrieved using the
first name.
Windows
Default mwm window frames have distinct components with associated
functions:
Title Area In addition to displaying the client's title, the title
area is used to move the window. To move the window,
place the pointer over the title area, press button 1
and drag the window to a new location. A wire frame is
moved during the drag to indicate the new location.
When the button is released, the window is moved to the
new location.
Title Bar The title bar includes the title area, the minimize
button, the maximize button, and the window menu button.
Minimize Button To turn the window into an icon, click button 1 on the
minimize button (the frame box with a small square in
it).
Maximize Button To make the window fill the screen (or enlarge to the
largest size allowed by the configuration files), click
button 1 on the maximize button (the frame box with a
large square in it).
Window Menu Button
The window menu button is the frame box with a
horizontal bar in it. To pull down the window menu,
press button 1. While pressing, drag the pointer on the
menu to your selection, then release the button when
your selection is highlighted. Alternately, you can
click button 1 to pull down the menu and keep it posted;
then position the pointer and select.
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____________________________________________________________
| Default Window Menu |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Selection| Accelerator| Description |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Restore | Alt+F5 | Restores the window to its size |
| | | before minimizing or maximizing |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Move | Alt+F7 | Allows the window to be moved |
| | | with |
| | | keys or mouse |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Size | Alt+F8 | Allows the window to be resized |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Minimize | Alt+F9 | Turns the window into an icon |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Maximize | Alt+F10 | Makes the window fill the screen|
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Lower | Alt+F3 | Moves window to bottom of window|
| | | stack |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
| Close | Alt+F4 | Causes client to terminate |
|__________|_____________|__________________________________|
Resize Border Handles
To change the size of a window, move the pointer over a
resize border handle (the cursor changes), press button
1, and drag the window to a new size. When the button
is released, the window is resized. While dragging is
being done, a rubber-band outline is displayed to
indicate the new window size.
Matte An optional matte decoration can be added between the
client area and the window frame. A matte is not
actually part of the window frame. There is no
functionality associated with a matte.
Icons
Icons are small graphic representations of windows. A window can be
minimized (iconified) using the minimize button on the window frame.
Icons provide a way to reduce clutter on the screen.
Pressing mouse button 1 when the pointer is over an icon causes the
icon's window menu to pop up. Releasing the button (press + release
without moving mouse = click) causes the menu to stay posted. The menu
contains the following selections:
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_________________________________________________________________
| Icon Window Menu |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Selection| Accelerator| Description |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Restore | Alt+F5 | Opens the associated window |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Move | Alt+F7 | Allows the icon to be moved with keys|
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Size | Alt+F8 | Inactive (not an option for icons) |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Minimize | Alt+F9 | Inactive (not an option for icons) |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Maximize | Alt+F10 | Opens the associated window and makes|
| | | it fill the screen |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Lower | Alt+F3 | Moves icon to bottom of icon stack |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
| Close | Alt+F4 | Removes client from mwm management |
|__________|_____________|_______________________________________|
Note that pressing button 3 over an icon also causes the icon's window
menu to pop up. To make a menu selection, drag the pointer over the menu
and release button 3 when the desired item is highlighted.
Double-clicking button 1 on an icon normalizes the icon into its
associated window. Double-clicking button 1 on the icon box's icon opens
the icon box and allows access to the contained icons. (In general,
double-clicking a mouse button is a quick way to perform a function.)
Double-clicking button 1 with the pointer on the window menu button
closes the window.
Icon Box
When icons begin to clutter the screen, they can be packed into an icon
box. (To use an icon box, mwm must be started with the icon box
configuration already set.) The icon box is a mwm window that holds
client icons. It includes one or more scroll bars when there are more
window icons than the icon box can show at the same time.
Icons in the icon box can be manipulated with the mouse. The following
table summarizes the behavior of this interface. Button actions apply
whenever the pointer is on any part of the icon. Note that invoking the
f.raise function on an icon in the icon box raises an already open window
to the top of the stack.
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__________________________________________________________________
| Button Action | Description |
|||
| Button 1 click | Selects the icon |
|______________________|__________________________________________|
| Button 1 double-click| Normalizes (opens) the associated window|
|______________________|__________________________________________|
| Button 1 double-click| Raises an already open window to the top|
| | of the stack |
|______________________|__________________________________________|
| Button 1 drag | Moves the icon |
|______________________|__________________________________________|
| Button 3 press | Causes the menu for that icon to pop up |
|______________________|__________________________________________|
| Button 3 drag | Highlights items as the pointer moves |
| | across the menu |
|______________________|__________________________________________|
Pressing mouse button 3 when the pointer is over an icon causes the menu
for that icon to pop up.
_____________________________________________________________________________
| Icon Menu for the Icon Box |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Selection| Accelerator| Description |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Restore | Alt+F5 | Opens the associated window (if not already open)|
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Move | Alt+F7 | Allows the icon to be moved with keys |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Size | Alt+F8 | Inactive |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Minimize | Alt+F9 | Inactive |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Maximize | Alt+F10 | Opens the associated window (if not already open)|
| | | and maximizes its size |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Lower | Alt+F3 | Inactive |
|__________|_____________|___________________________________________________|
| Close | Alt+F4 | Removes client from mwm management |
||||
To pull down the window menu for the icon box itself, press button 1 with
the pointer over the menu button for the icon box. The window menu of the
icon box differs from the window menu of a client window: The "Close"
selection is replaced with the "PackIcons Shift+Alt+F7" selection. When
selected, PackIcons packs the icons in the box to achieve neat rows with
no empty slots.
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Pressing [Shift][Escape] when the icon box has the input focus causes the
window menu of the icon box to pop up. Pressing F4 (the pop-up menu key)
causes the window menu of the currently selected icon to pop up.
Input Focus
mwm supports (by default) a keyboard input focus policy of explicit
selection. This means when a window is selected to get keyboard input,
it continues to get keyboard input until the window is withdrawn from
window management, another window is explicitly selected to get keyboard
input, or the window is iconified. Several resources control the input
focus. The client window with the keyboard input focus has the active
window appearance with a visually distinct window frame.
The following tables summarize the keyboard input focus selection
behavior:
___________________________________________________________________
| Button Action | Object | Function Description |
|_______________|_______________________|__________________________|
|_______________|_______________________|__________________________|
| Button 1 press| Window / window frame| Keyboard focus selection|
|_______________|_______________________|__________________________|
| Button 1 press| Icon | Keyboard focus selection|
|_______________|_______________________|__________________________|
_________________________________________________________________________
| Key Action | Function Description |
|__________________|_____________________________________________________|
|__________________|_____________________________________________________|
| [Alt][Tab] | Move input focus to next window in window stack |
|__________________|_____________________________________________________|
| [Alt][Shift][Tab]| Move input focus to previous window in window stack|
|__________________|_____________________________________________________|
X Defaults
mwm is configured from its resource database. This database is built
from the following sources. They are listed in order of precedence, low
to high:
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
$HOME/Mwm
RESOURCE_MANAGER root window property or $HOME/.Xdefaults
XENVIRONMENT variable or $HOME/.Xdefaults-host
mwm command line options
The file names /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm and $HOME/Mwm represent
customary locations for these files. The actual location of the system-
wide class resource file may depend on the XFILESEARCHPATH environment
variable and the current language environment. The actual location of
the user-specific class resource file may depend on the
XUSERFILESEARCHPATH and XAPPLRESDIR environment variables and the current
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language environment.
Entries in the resource database may refer to other resource files for
specific types of resources. These include files that contain bitmaps,
fonts, and mwm specific resources such as menus and behavior
specifications (for example, button and key bindings).
Mwm is the resource class name of mwm and mwm is the resource name used
by mwm to look up resources. (For looking up resources of multiple
screens, the -screens command line option specifies resource names, such
as "mwm_b+w" and "mwm_color".) In the following discussion of resource
specification, "Mwm" and "mwm" (and the aliased mwm resource names) can
be used interchangeably, but "mwm" takes precedence over "Mwm".
mwm uses the following types of resources:
Component Appearance Resources:
These resources specify appearance attributes of window manager user
interface components. They can be applied to the appearance of window
manager menus, feedback windows (for example, the window reconfiguration
feedback window), client window frames, and icons.
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources:
These resources specify mwm appearance and behavior (for example, window
management policies). They are not set separately for different mwm user
interface components.
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Client Specific Resources:
These mwm resources can be set for a particular client window or class of
client windows. They specify client-specific icon and client window
frame appearance and behavior.
Resource identifiers can be either a resource name (for example,
foreground) or a resource class (for example, Foreground). If the value
of a resource is a filename and if the filename is prefixed by "~/", then
it is relative to the path contained in the HOME environment variable
(generally the user's home directory).
Component Appearance Resources
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to
window manager icons, menus, and client window frames is
Mwm*resource_id
For example, Mwm*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for
mwm menus, icons, client window frames, and feedback dialogs.
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to a
particular mwm component is
Mwm*[menu|icon|client|feedback]*resource_id
If menu is specified, the resource is applied only to mwm If menu is
specified, the resource is applied only to MWM menus; if icon is
specified, the resource is applied to icons; and if client is specified,
the resource is applied to client window frames. For example,
Mwm*icon*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm
icons, Mwm*menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for mwm menus,
and Mwm*client*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm
client window frames.
The appearance of the title area of a client window frame (including
window management buttons) can be separately configured. The syntax for
configuring the title area of a client window frame is
Mwm*client*title*resource_id
For example, Mwm*client*title*foreground specifies the foreground color
for the title area. Defaults for title area resources are based on the
values of the corresponding client window frame resources.
The appearance of menus can be configured based on the name of the menu.
The syntax for specifying menu appearance by name is
Mwm*menu*menu_name*resource_id
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For example, Mwm*menu*my_menu*foreground specifies the foreground color
for the menu named my_menu.
The following component appearance resources that apply to all window
manager parts can be specified:
________________________________________________________________
| Component Appearance Resources - All Window Manager Parts |
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| Name | Class | Value Type| Default|
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| background | Background | color | varies†|
|||||
| backgroundPixmap | BackgroundPixmap | string|| | varies†|
|||||
| bottomShadowColor | Foreground | color | varies||
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| bottomShadowPixmap| BottomShadowPixmap| string†† | varies||
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| fontList | FontList | string††† | "fixed"|
|||||
| foreground | Foreground | color | varies||
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| saveUnder | SaveUnder | T/F | F |
|___________________|____________________|____________|_________|
| topShadowColor | Background | color | varies†|
|||||
| topShadowPixmap | TopShadowPixmap | string|| | varies |
|||||
|The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
||Image name. See XmInstallImage(3X).
|||X11 R4 Font description.
background (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color. Any legal X color
may be specified. The default value is chosen based on the
visual type of the screen.
backgroundPixmap (class BackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is inactive (does not have the
keyboard focus). The default value is chosen based on the visual
type of the screen.
bottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color. This color is
used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager
decoration. Any legal X color may be specified. The default
value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
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bottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is
used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager
decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the
screen.
fontList (class FontList)
This resource specifies the font used in the window manager
decoration. The character encoding of the font should match the
character encoding of the strings that are used. The default is
"fixed."
foreground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color. The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
saveUnder (class SaveUnder)
This is used to indicate whether "save unders" are used for mwm
components. For this to have any effect, save unders must be
implemented by the X server. If save unders are implemented, the
X server saves the contents of windows obscured by windows that
have the save under attribute set. If the saveUnder resource is
True, mwm will set the save under attribute on the window manager
frame of any client that has it set. If saveUnder is False, save
unders will not be used on any window manager frames. The
default value is False.
topShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color. This color is used
for the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration.
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
topShadowPixmap ( class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is
used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager
decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the
screen.
The following component appearance resources that apply to frame and
icons can be specified:
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_________________________________________________________________________
| Frame and Icon Components |
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
| Name | Class | Value Type | Default |
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
| activeBackground | Background | color | varies† |
|||||
| activeBackgroundPixmap | BackgroundPixmap | string || | varies† |
|||||
| activeBottomShadowColor | Foreground | color | varies| |
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
| activeBottomShadowPixmap| BottomShadowPixmap| string†† | variesfR||
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
| activeForeground | Foreground | color | varies†g |
|||||
| activeTopShadowColor | Background | color | varies| |
|_________________________|____________________|_____________|___________|
| activeTopShadowPixmap | TopShadowPixmap | string††/fP| varies† |
|||||
|The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
††See XmInstallImage(3X).
activeBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBackgroundPixmap (class ActiveBackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
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activeTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources
The syntax for specifying specific appearance and behavior resources is
Mwm*resourceid
For example, Mwm*keyboardFocusPolicy specifies the window manager policy
for setting the keyboard focus to a particular client window.
The following specific appearance and behavior resources can be
specified:
_______________________________________________________________________________
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources
_______________________________________________________________________________
Name Class Value Type Default
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
autoKeyFocus AutoKeyFocus T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
autoRaiseDelay AutoRaiseDelay millisec 500
_______________________________________________________________________________
bitmapDirectory BitmapDirectory directory /usr/include/\
X11/bitmaps
_______________________________________________________________________________
buttonBindings ButtonBindings string "DefaultBut\
tonBindings"
_______________________________________________________________________________
cleanText CleanText T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
clientAutoPlace ClientAutoPlace T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
colormapFocusPolicy ColormapFocusPolicy string keyboard
_______________________________________________________________________________
configFile ConfigFile file .mwmrc
_______________________________________________________________________________
deiconifyKeyFocus DeiconifyKeyFocus T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
doubleClickTime DoubleClickTime millisec. multi-click
time
_______________________________________________________________________________
enableWarp enableWarp T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
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|enforceKeyFocus | EnforceKeyFocus | T/F | T |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|fadeNormalIcon | FadeNormalIcon | T/F | F |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|frameBorderWidth | FrameBorderWidth | pixels | 5 |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconAutoPlace | IconAutoPlace | T/F | T |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconBoxGeometry | IconBoxGeometry | string | 6x1+0-0 |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconBoxName | IconBoxName | string | iconbox |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy| IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy| string | all |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconBoxTitle | IconBoxTitle | XmString | Icons |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconClick | IconClick | T/F | T |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconDecoration | IconDecoration | string | varies |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconImageMaximum | IconImageMaximum | wxh | 50x50 |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
|iconImageMinimum | IconImageMinimum | wxh | 16x16 |
|______________________|________________________|____________|________________|
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______________________________________________________________________________
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources (Continued)
______________________________________________________________________________
Name Class Value Type Default
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
iconPlacement IconPlacement string left bottom
______________________________________________________________________________
iconPlacementMargin IconPlacementMargin pixels varies
______________________________________________________________________________
interactivePlacement InteractivePlacement T/F F
______________________________________________________________________________
keyBindings KeyBindings string "DefaultKey\
Bindings"
______________________________________________________________________________
keyboardFocusPolicy KeyboardFocusPolicy string explicit
______________________________________________________________________________
limitResize LimitResize T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
lowerOnIconify LowerOnIconify T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
maximumMaximumSize MaximumMaximumSize wxh (pixels) 2X screen
w&h
______________________________________________________________________________
moveThreshold MoveThreshold pixels 4
______________________________________________________________________________
multiScreen MultiScreen T/F F
______________________________________________________________________________
passButtons PassButtons T/F F
______________________________________________________________________________
passSelectButton PassSelectButton T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
positionIsFrame PositionIsFrame T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
positionOnScreen PositionOnScreen T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
quitTimeout QuitTimeout millisec. 1000
______________________________________________________________________________
raiseKeyFocus RaiseKeyFocus T/F F
______________________________________________________________________________
resizeBorderWidth ResizeBorderWidth pixels 10
______________________________________________________________________________
resizeCursors ResizeCursors T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
screens Screens string varies
______________________________________________________________________________
showFeedback ShowFeedback string -kill
______________________________________________________________________________
startupKeyFocus StartupKeyFocus T/F T
______________________________________________________________________________
transientDecoration TransientDecoration string system
title
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|____________________|______________________|______________|_________________|
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__________________________________________________________________
| Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources (Continued) |
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
| Name | Class | Value Type| Default |
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
| transientFunctions| TransientFunctions| string | -minimize|
| | | | -maximize|
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
| useIconBox | UseIconBox | T/F | F |
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
| wMenuButtonClick | WMenuButtonClick | T/F | T |
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
| wMenuButtonClick2 | WMenuButtonClick2 | T/F | T |
|___________________|____________________|____________|___________|
autoKeyFocus (class AutoKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. If autoKeyFocus is given a value of True,
then when a window with the keyboard input focus is withdrawn
from window management or is iconified, the focus is set to the
previous window that had the focus. If the value given is False,
there is no automatic setting of the keyboard input focus. The
default value is True.
autoRaiseDelay (class AutoRaiseDelay)
This resource is available only when the focusAutoRaise resource
is True and the keyboard focus policy is pointer. The
autoRaiseDelay resource specifies the amount of time (in
milliseconds) that mwm will wait before raising a window after it
gets the keyboard focus. The default value of this resource is
500 (ms).
bitmapDirectory (class BitmapDirectory)
This resource identifies a directory to be searched for bitmaps
referenced by mwm resources. This directory is searched if a
bitmap is specified without an absolute pathname. The default
value for this resource is /usr/include/X11/bitmaps.
buttonBindings (class ButtonBindings)
This resource identifies the set of button bindings for window
management functions. The named set of button bindings is
specified in the mwm resource description file. These button
bindings are merged with the built-in default bindings. The
default value for this resource is "DefaultButtonBindings".
cleanText (class CleanText)
This resource controls the display of window manager text in the
client title and feedback windows. If the default value of True
is used, the text is drawn with a clear (no stipple) background.
This makes text easier to read on monochrome systems where a
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backgroundPixmap is specified. Only the stippling in the area
immediately around the text is cleared. If False, the text is
drawn directly on top of the existing background.
clientAutoPlace (class ClientAutoPlace)
This resource determines the position of a window when the window
has not been given a user-specified position. With a value of
True, windows are positioned with the top left corners of the
frames offset horizontally and vertically. A value of False
causes the currently configured position of the window to be
used. In either case, mwm will attempt to place the windows
totally on-screen. The default value is True.
colormapFocusPolicy (class ColormapFocusPolicy)
This resource indicates the colormap focus policy that is to be
used. If the resource value is explicit, a colormap selection
action is done on a client window to set the colormap focus to
that window. If the value is pointer, the client window
containing the pointer has the colormap focus. If the value is
keyboard, the client window that has the keyboard input focus has
the colormap focus. The default value for this resource is
keyboard.
configFile (class ConfigFile)
The resource value is the pathname for an mwm resource
description file.
If the pathname begins with "~/", mwm considers it to be relative
to the user's home directory (as specified by the HOME
environment variable). If the LANG environment variable is set,
mwm looks for $HOME/$LANG/configFile. If that file does not
exist or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for $HOME/configFile.
If the configFile pathname does not begin with "~/", mwm
considers it to be relative to the current working directory.
If the configFile resource is not specified or if that file does
not exist, mwm uses several default paths to find a configuration
file. If the LANG environment variable is set, mwm looks for the
configuration file first in $HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc. If that file
does not exist or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for $HOME/.mwmrc.
If that file does not exist and if LANG is set, mwm next looks
for /usr/lib/X11/$LANG/system.mwmrc. If that file does not exist
or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc.
deiconifyKeyFocus (class DeiconifyKeyFocus)
This resource applies only when the keyboard input focus policy
is explicit. If a value of True is used, a window receives the
keyboard input focus when it is normalized (deiconified). True
is the default value.
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doubleClickTime (class DoubleClickTime)
This resource is used to set the maximum time (in ms) between the
clicks (button presses) that make up a double-click. The default
value of this resource is the display's multi-click time.
enableWarp (class EnableWarp)
The default value of this resource, True, causes mwm to "warp"
the pointer to the center of the selected window during
keyboard-controlled resize and move operations. Setting the
value to False causes mwm to leave the pointer at its original
place on the screen, unless the user explicitly moves it with the
cursor keys or pointing device.
enforceKeyFocus (class EnforceKeyFocus)
If this resource is given a value of True, the keyboard input
focus is always explicitly set to selected windows even if there
is an indication that they are "globally active" input windows.
(An example of a globally active window is a scroll bar that can
be operated without setting the focus to that client.) If the
resource is False, the keyboard input focus is not explicitly set
to globally active windows. The default value is True.
fadeNormalIcon (class FadeNormalIcon)
If this resource is given a value of True, an icon is grayed out
whenever it has been normalized (its window has been opened).
The default value is False.
frameBorderWidth (class FrameBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window
frame border without resize handles. The border width includes
the 3-D shadows. The default value is 5 pixels.
iconAutoPlace (class IconAutoPlace)
This resource indicates whether the window manager arranges icons
in a particular area of the screen or places each icon where the
window was when it was iconified. The value True indicates that
icons are arranged in a particular area of the screen, determined
by the iconPlacement resource. The value False indicates that an
icon is placed at the location of the window when it is
iconified. The default is True.
iconBoxGeometry (class IconBoxGeometry)
This resource indicates the initial position and size of the icon
box. The value of the resource is a standard window geometry
string with the following syntax:
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[=][widthxheight][{+-}xoffset{+-}yoffset]
If the offsets are not provided, the iconPlacement policy is used
to determine the initial placement. The units for width and
height are columns and rows.
The actual screen size of the icon box window depends on the
iconImageMaximum (size) and iconDecoration resources. The
default value for size is (6 * iconWidth + padding) wide by (1 *
iconHeight + padding) high. The default value of the location is
+0 -0.
iconBoxName (class IconBoxName)
This resource specifies the name that is used to look up icon box
resources. The default name is "iconbox".
iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy (class IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy)
This resource specifies the scroll bar display policy of the
window manager in the icon box. The resource has three possible
values: all, vertical, and horizontal. The default value,
"all", causes both vertical and horizontal scroll bars always to
appear. The value "vertical" causes a single vertical scroll bar
to appear in the icon box and sets the orientation of the icon
box to horizontal (regardless of the iconBoxGeometry
specification). The value "horizontal" causes a single
horizontal scroll bar to appear in the icon box and sets the
orientation of the icon box to vertical (regardless of the
iconBoxGeometry specification).
iconBoxTitle (class IconBoxTitle)
This resource specifies the name that is used in the title area
of the icon box frame. The default value is "Icons".
iconClick (class IconClick)
When this resource is given the value of True, the system menu is
posted and left posted when an icon is clicked. The default
value is True.
iconDecoration (class IconDecoration)
This resource specifies the general icon decoration. The
resource value is label (only the label part is displayed) or
image (only the image part is displayed) or label image (both the
label and image parts are displayed). A value of activelabel can
also be specified to get a label (not truncated to the width of
the icon) when the icon is selected. The default icon decoration
for icon box icons is that each icon has a label part and an
image part (label image). The default icon decoration for stand
alone icons is that each icon has an active label part, a label
part, and an image part (activelabel label image).
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iconImageMaximum (class IconImageMaximum)
This resource specifies the maximum size of the icon image. The
resource value is widthxheight (for example, 64x64). The maximum
supported size is 128x128. The default value of this resource is
50x50.
iconImageMinimum (class IconImageMinimum)
This resource specifies the minimum size of the icon image. The
resource value is widthxheight (for example, 32x50). The minimum
supported size is 16x16. The default value of this resource is
16x16.
iconPlacement (class IconPlacement)
This resource specifies the icon placement scheme to be used.
The resource value has the following syntax:
primary_layout secondary_layout
The layout values are one of the following:
___________________________________________
| Value | Description |
|_______|__________________________________|
|_______|__________________________________|
| top | Lay the icons out top to bottom.|
|_______|__________________________________|
| bottom| Lay the icons out bottom to top.|
|_______|__________________________________|
| left | Lay the icons out left to right.|
|_______|__________________________________|
| right | Lay the icons out right to left.|
|_______|__________________________________|
A horizontal (vertical) layout value should not be used for both
the primary_layout and the secondary_layout (for example, don't
use top for the primary_layout and bottom for the
secondary_layout). The primary_layout indicates whether, when an
icon placement is done, the icon is placed in a row or a column
and the direction of placement. The secondary_layout indicates
where to place new rows or columns. For example, top right
indicates that icons should be placed top to bottom on the screen
and that columns should be added from right to left on the
screen. The default placement is left bottom (icons are placed
left to right on the screen, with the first row on the bottom of
the screen, and new rows added from the bottom of the screen to
the top of the screen).
iconPlacementMargin (class IconPlacementMargin)
This resource sets the distance between the edge of the screen
and the icons that are placed along the edge of the screen. The
value should be greater than or equal to 0. A default value (see
below) is used if the value specified is invalid. The default
value for this resource is equal to the space between icons as
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they are placed on the screen (this space is based on maximizing
the number of icons in each row and column).
interactivePlacement (class InteractivePlacement)
This resource controls the initial placement of new windows on
the screen. If the value is True, the pointer shape changes
before a new window is placed on the screen to indicate to the
user that a position should be selected for the upper-left hand
corner of the window. If the value is False, windows are placed
according to the initial window configuration attributes. The
default value of this resource is False.
keyBindings (class KeyBindings)
This resource identifies the set of key bindings for window
management functions. If specified, these key bindings replace
the built-in default bindings. The named set of key bindings is
specified in mwm resource description file. The default value
for this resource is "DefaultKeyBindings".
keyboardFocusPolicy (class KeyboardFocusPolicy)
If set to pointer, the keyboard focus policy is to have the
keyboard focus set to the client window that contains the pointer
(the pointer could also be in the client window decoration that
mwm adds). If set to explicit, the policy is to have the
keyboard focus set to a client window when the user presses
button 1 with the pointer on the client window or any part of the
associated mwm decoration. The default value for this resource
is explicit.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
If this resource is True, the user is not allowed to resize a
window to greater than the maximum size. The default value for
this resource is True.
lowerOnIconify (class LowerOnIconify)
If this resource is given the default value of True, a window's
icon appears on the bottom of the window stack when the window is
minimized (iconified). A value of False places the icon in the
stacking order at the same place as its associated window. The
default value of this resource is True.
maximumMaximumSize (class MaximumMaximumSize)
This resource is used to limit the maximum size of a client
window as set by the user or client. The resource value is
widthxheight (for example, 1024x1024) where the width and height
are in pixels. The default value of this resource is twice the
screen width and height.
moveThreshold (class MoveThreshold)
This resource is used to control the sensitivity of dragging
operations that move windows and icons. The value of this
resource is the number of pixels that the locator is moved with a
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button down before the move operation is initiated. This is used
to prevent window/icon movement when you click or double-click
and there is unintentional pointer movement with the button down.
The default value of this resource is 4 (pixels).
multiScreen (class MultiScreen)
This resource, if True, causes mwm to manage all the screens on
the display. If False, mwm manages only a single screen. The
default value is False.
passButtons (class PassButtons)
This resource indicates whether or not button press events are
passed to clients after they are used to do a window manager
function in the client context. If the resource value is False,
the button press is not passed to the client. If the value is
True, the button press is passed to the client window. The
window manager function is done in either case. The default
value for this resource is False.
passSelectButton (class PassSelectButton)
This resource indicates whether or not to pass the select button
press events to clients after they are used to do a window
manager function in the client context. If the resource value is
False, then the button press will not be passed to the client.
If the value is True, the button press is passed to the client
window. The window manager function is done in either case. The
default value for this resource is True.
positionIsFrame (class PositionIsFrame)
This resource indicates how client window position information
(from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property and from configuration
requests) is to be interpreted. If the resource value is True,
the information is interpreted as the position of the MWM client
window frame. If the value is False, it is interpreted as being
the position of the client area of the window. The default value
of this resource is True.
positionOnScreen (class PositionOnScreen)
This resource is used to indicate that windows should initially
be placed (if possible) so that they are not clipped by the edge
of the screen (if the resource value is True). If a window is
larger than the size of the screen, at least the upper-left
corner of the window is on-screen. If the resource value is
False, windows are placed in the requested position even if
totally off-screen. The default value of this resource is True.
quitTimeout (class QuitTimeout)
This resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that
mwm will wait for a client to update the WM_COMMAND property
after mwm has sent the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF message. This protocol
is used only for those clients that have a WM_SAVE_YOURSELF atom
and no WM_DELETE_WINDOW atom in the WM_PROTOCOLS client window
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property. The default value of this resource is 1000 (ms).
(Refer to the f.kill function for additional information.)
raiseKeyFocus (class RaiseKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. When set to True, this resource specifies
that a window raised by means of the f.normalize_and_raise
function also receives the input focus. The default value of
this resource is False.
resizeBorderWidth (class ResizeBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window
frame border with resize handles. The specified border width
includes the 3-D shadows. The default is 10 (pixels).
resizeCursors (class ResizeCursors)
This is used to indicate whether the resize cursors are always
displayed when the pointer is in the window size border. If
True, the cursors are shown, otherwise the window manager cursor
is shown. The default value is True.
screens (class Screens)
This resource specifies the resource names to use for the screens
mananged by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen, only the
first name in the list is used. If mwm is managing multiple
screens, the names are assigned to the screens in order, starting
with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the first name, screen 1 the second
name, and so on. The default screen names are 0, 1, and so on.
showFeedback (class ShowFeedback)
This resource controls when feedback information is displayed.
It controls both window position and size feedback during move or
resize operations and initial client placement. It also controls
window manager message and dialog boxes.
The value for this resource is a list of names of the feedback
options to be enabled or disabled; the names must be separated by
a space. If an option is preceded by a minus sign, that option
is excluded from the list. The sign of the first item in the
list determines the initial set of options. If the sign of the
first option is minus, mwm assumes all options are present and
starts subtracting from that set. If the sign of the first
decoration is plus (or not specified), mwm starts with no options
and builds up a list from the resource.
The names of the feedback options are shown below:
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_____________________________________________________________
| Name | Description |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| all | Show all feedback (Default value) |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| behavior | Confirm behavior switch |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| kill | Confirm on receipt of KILL signal |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| move | Show position during move |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| none | Show no feedback |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| placement| Show position and size during initial placement|
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| quit | Confirm quitting mwm |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| resize | Show size during resize |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
| restart | Confirm mwm restart |
|__________|_________________________________________________|
The following command line illustrates the syntax for
showFeedback:
Mwm*showFeedback: placement resize behavior restart
This resource specification provides feedback for initial client
placement and resize, and enables the dialog boxes to confirm the
restart and set behavior functions. It disables feedback for the
move function. The default value for this resource is all.
startupKeyFocus (class StartupKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. When given the default value of True, a
window gets the keyboard input focus when the window is mapped
(that is, initially managed by the window manager).
transientDecoration (class TransientDecoration)
This controls the amount of decoration that mwm puts on transient
windows. The decoration specification is exactly the same as for
the clientDecoration (client specific) resource. Transient
windows are identified by the WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property, which is
added by the client to indicate a relatively temporary window.
The default value for this resource is menu title (that is,
transient windows have resize borders and a titlebar with a
window menu button).
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transientFunctions (class TransientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which window management
functions are applicable (or not applicable) to transient
windows. The function specification is exactly the same as for
the clientFunctions (client specific) resource. The default
value for this resource is -minimize -maximize.
useIconBox (class UseIconBox)
If this resource is given a value of True, icons are placed in an
icon box. When an icon box is not used, the icons are placed on
the root window (default value).
wMenuButtonClick (class WMenuButtonClick)
This resource indicates whether a click of the mouse when the
pointer is over the window menu button posts and leaves posted
the window menu. If the value given this resource is True, the
menu remains posted. True is the default value for this
resource.
wMenuButtonClick2 (class WMenuButtonClick2)
When this resource is given the default value of True, a double-
click action on the window menu button does an f.kill function.
Client Specific Resources
The syntax for specifying client specific resources is
Mwm*client_name_or_class*resource_id
For example, Mwm*mterm*windowMenu is used to specify the window menu to
be used with mterm clients.
The syntax for specifying client specific resources for all classes of
clients is
Mwm*resource_id
Specific client specifications take precedence over the specifications
for all clients. For example, Mwm*windowMenu is used to specify the
window menu to be used for all classes of clients that don't have a
window menu specified.
The syntax for specifying resource values for windows that have an
unknown name and class (that is, windows that do not have a WM_CLASS
property associated with them) is
Mwm*defaults*resource_id
For example, Mwm*defaults*iconImage is used to specify the icon image to
be used for windows that have an unknown name and class.
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The following client specific resources can be specified:
___________________________________________________________________________
| Client Specific Resources |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| Name | Class | Value Type| Default |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| clientDecoration | ClientDecoration| string | all |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| clientFunctions | ClientFunctions | string | all |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| focusAutoRaise | FocusAutoRaise | T/F | varies |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImage | IconImage | pathname | (image) |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageBackground | Background | color | icon |
| | | | background |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageBottomShadowColor | Foreground | color | icon bottom|
| | | | shadow |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageBottomShadowPixmap| BottomShadow- | color | icon bottom|
| | Pixmap | | shadow |
| | | | pixmap |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageForeground | Foreground | color | varies |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageTopShadowColor | Background | color | icon top |
| | | | shadow |
| | | | color |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| iconImageTopShadowPixmap | TopShadow- | color | icon top |
| | Pixmap | | shadow |
| | | | pixmap |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| matteBackground | Background | color | background |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| matteBottomShadowColor | Foreground | color | bottom |
| | | | shadow |
| | | | color |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| matteBottomShadowPixmap | BottomShadow- | color | bottom |
| | Pixmap | | shadow |
| | | | pixmap |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
| matteForeground | Foreground | color | foreground |
|____________________________|__________________|____________|_____________|
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____________________________________________________________________
| Client Specific Resources (Continued) |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| Name | Class | Value Type| Default |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| matteTopShadowColor | Background | color | top shadow|
| | | | color |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| matteTopShadowPixmap| TopShadow- | color | top shadow|
| | Pixmap | | pixmap |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| matteWidth | MatteWidth | pixels | 0 |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| maximumClientSize | MaximumClientSize| wxh | fill the |
| | | | screen |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| useClientIcon | UseClientIcon | T/F | F |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
| windowMenu | WindowMenu | string | "Default- |
| | | | Window- |
| | | | Menu" |
|_____________________|___________________|____________|____________|
clientDecoration (class ClientDecoration)
This resource controls the amount of window frame decoration.
The resource is specified as a list of decorations to specify
their inclusion in the frame. If a decoration is preceded by a
minus sign, that decoration is excluded from the frame. The sign
of the first item in the list determines the initial amount of
decoration. If the sign of the first decoration is minus, mwm
assumes all decorations are present and starts subtracting from
that set. If the sign of the first decoration is plus (or not
specified), then mwm starts with no decoration and builds up a
list from the resource.
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____________________________________________________
| Name | Description |
|_________|_________________________________________|
|_________|_________________________________________|
| all | Include all decorations (default value)|
|_________|_________________________________________|
| border | Window border |
|_________|_________________________________________|
| maximize| Maximize button (includes title bar) |
|_________|_________________________________________|
| minimize| Minimize button (includes title bar) |
|_________|_________________________________________|
| none | No decorations |
|_________|_________________________________________|
| resizeh | Border resize handles (includes border)|
|_________|_________________________________________|
| menu | Window menu button (includes title bar)|
|_________|_________________________________________|
| title | Title bar (includes border) |
|_________|_________________________________________|
Examples:
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: -resizeh -maximize
This removes the resize handles and maximize button from XClock
windows.
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: menu minimize border
This does the same thing as above. Note that either menu or
minimize implies title.
clientFunctions (class ClientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which mwm functions are
applicable (or not applicable) to the client window. The value
for the resource is a list of functions. If the first function
in the list has a minus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with
all functions and subtracts from that set. If the first function
in the list has a plus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with
no functions and builds up a list. Each function in the list
must be preceded by the appropriate plus or minus sign and
separated from the next function by a space.
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The table below lists the functions available for this resource:
__________________________________________________
| Name | Description |
|_________|_______________________________________|
|_________|_______________________________________|
| all | Include all functions (default value)|
|_________|_______________________________________|
| none | No functions |
|_________|_______________________________________|
| resize | f.resize |
|_________|_______________________________________|
| move | f.move |
|_________|_______________________________________|
| minimize| f.minimize |
|_________|_______________________________________|
| maximize| f.maximize |
|_________|_______________________________________|
| close | f.kill |
|_________|_______________________________________|
focusAutoRaise (class FocusAutoRaise)
When the value of this resource is True, clients are raised when
they get the keyboard input focus. If the value is False, the
stacking of windows on the display is not changed when a window
gets the keyboard input focus. The default value is True when
the keyboardFocusPolicy is explicit and False when the
keyboardFocusPolicy is pointer.
iconImage (class IconImage)
This resource can be used to specify an icon image for a client
(for example, "Mwm*myclock*iconImage"). The resource value is a
pathname for a bitmap file. The value of the (client specific)
useClientIcon resource is used to determine whether or not user
supplied icon images are used instead of client supplied icon
images. The default value is to display a built-in window manager
icon image.
iconImageBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon background color (that is,
specified by "Mwm*background or Mwm*icon*background).
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iconImageBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow color (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowColor).
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the icon
image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The
default value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow Pixmap
(that is, specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowPixmap).
iconImageForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource varies depending on the icon background.
iconImageTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon top shadow color (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowColor).
iconImageTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon top shadow pixmap (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowPixmap).
matteBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is
the client background color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*background or Mwm*client*background).
matteBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource
is the client bottom shadow color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*bottomShadowColor or Mwm*client*bottomShadowColor).
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matteBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource
is the client bottom shadow pixmap (that is, specified by
"Mwm*bottomShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*bottomShadowPixmap).
matteForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is
the client foreground color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*foreground or Mwm*client*foreground).
matteTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is
the client top shadow color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*topShadowColor or Mwm*client*topShadowColor).
matteTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow pixmap of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is
the client top shadow pixmap (that is, specified by
"Mwm*topShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*topShadowPixmap).
matteWidth (class MatteWidth)
This resource specifies the width of the optional matte. The
default value is 0, which effectively disables the matte.
maximumClientSize (class MaximumClientSize)
This is a size specification that indicates the client size to be
used when an application is maximized. The resource value is
specified as widthxheight. The width and height are interpreted
in the units that the client uses (for example, for terminal
emulators this is generally characters). If this resource is not
specified, the maximum size from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property is
used if set. Otherwise the default value is the size where the
client window with window management borders fills the screen.
When the maximum client size is not determined by the
maximumClientSize resource, the maximumMaximumSize resource value
is used as a constraint on the maximum size.
useClientIcon (class UseClientIcon)
If the value given for this resource is True, a client-supplied
icon image takes precedence over a user-supplied icon image. The
default value is False, giving the user-supplied icon image
higher precedence than the client-supplied icon image.
windowMenu (class WindowMenu)
This resource indicates the name of the menu pane that is posted
when the window menu is popped up (usually by pressing button 1
on the window menu button on the client window frame). Menu
panes are specified in the MWM resource description file. Window
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menus can be customized on a client class basis by specifying
resources of the form Mwm*client_name_or_class*windowMenu (see
"Mwm Resource Description File Syntax"). The default value of
this resource is "DefaultWindowMenu".
Resource Description File
The MWM resource description file is a supplementary resource file that
contains resource descriptions that are referred to by entries in the
defaults files (.Xdefaults, app-defaults/Mwm). It contains descriptions
of resources that are to be used by mwm, and that cannot be easily
encoded in the defaults files (a bitmap file is an analogous type of
resource description file). A particular mwm resource description file
can be selected using the configFile resource.
The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource
description file:
Buttons Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with
button events.
Keys Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with
key press events.
Menus Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other menus
posted with key bindings and button bindings.
mwm Resource Description File Syntax
The mwm resource description file is a standard text file that contains
items of information separated by blanks, tabs, and newline characters.
Blank lines are ignored. Items or characters can be quoted to avoid
special interpretation (for example, the comment character can be quoted
to prevent it from being interpreted as the comment character). A quoted
item can be contained in double quotes ("). Single characters can be
quoted by preceding them by the backslash character (\). All text from
an unquoted # to the end of the line is regarded as a comment and is not
interpreted as part of a resource description. If ! is the first
character in a line, the line is regarded as a comment. Window manager
functions can be accessed with button and key bindings, and with window
manager menus. Functions are indicated as part of the specifications for
button and key binding sets, and menu panes. The function specification
has the following syntax:
function = function_name [function_args]
function_name = window manager function
function_args = {quoted_item | unquoted_item}
The following functions are supported. If a function is specified that
isn't one of the supported functions, then it is interpreted by mwm as
f.nop.
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
f.beep
This function causes a beep.
f.circle_down [icon | window]
This function causes the window or icon that is on the top of the
window stack to be put on the bottom of the window stack (so that
it no longer obscures any other window or icon). This function
affects only those windows and icons that obscure other windows and
icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary
windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with their
associated primary window. Secondary windows always stay on top of
the associated primary window and there can be no other primary
windows between the secondary windows and their primary window. If
an icon function argument is specified, the function applies only
to icons. If a window function argument is specified, the function
applies only to windows.
f.circle_up [icon | window]
This function raises the window or icon on the bottom of the window
stack (so that it is not obscured by any other windows). This
function affects only those windows and icons that obscure other
windows and icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons.
Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with
their associated primary window. If an icon function argument is
specified, the function applies only to icons. If a window
function argument is specified, the function applies only to
windows.
f.exec or !
This function causes command to be executed (using the value of the
MWMSHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise the value of
the SHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise /bin/sh).
The ! notation can be used in place of the f.exec function name.
f.focus_color
This function sets the colormap focus to a client window. If this
function is done in a root context, the default colormap (set up by
the X Window System for the screen where MWM is running) is
installed and there is no specific client window colormap focus.
This function is treated as f.nop if colormapFocusPolicy is not
explicit.
f.focus_key
This function sets the keyboard input focus to a client window or
icon. This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is
not explicit or the function is executed in a root context.
f.kill
This function is used to terminate a client. If the
WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol is set up, the client is sent a client
message event, indicating that the client window should be deleted.
If the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol is set up and the WM_DELETE_WINDOW
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protocol is not set up, the client is sent a client message event,
indicating that the client needs to prepare to be terminated. If
the client does not have the WM_DELETE_WINDOW or WM_SAVE_YOURSELF
protocol set up, this function causes a client's X connection to be
terminated (usually resulting in termination of the client). Refer
to the description of the quitTimeout resource and the WM_PROTOCOLS
property.
f.lower [-client]
This function lowers a client window to the bottom of the window
stack (where it obscures no other window). Secondary windows (that
is, transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary
window. The client argument indicates the name or class of a
client to lower. If the client argument is not specified, the
context that the function was invoked in indicates the window or
icon to lower.
f.maximize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its
maximum size.
f.menu
This function associates a cascading (pull-right) menu with a menu
pane entry or a menu with a button or key binding. The menu_name
function argument identifies the menu to be used.
f.minimize
This function causes a client window to be minimized (iconified).
When a window is minimized when no icon box is used, its icon is
placed on the bottom of the window stack (so that it obscures no
other window). If an icon box is used, the client's icon changes
to its iconified form inside the icon box. Secondary windows (that
is, transient windows) are minimized with their associated primary
window. There is only one icon for a primary window and all its
secondary windows.
f.move
This function causes a client window to be interactively moved.
f.next_cmap
This function installs the next colormap in the list of colormaps
for the window with the colormap focus.
f.next_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the next window/icon
in the set of windows/icons managed by the window manager (the
ordering of this set is based on the stacking of windows on the
screen). This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy
is not explicit. The keyboard input focus is moved only to windows
that do not have an associated secondary window that is application
modal. If the transient argument is specified, transient
(secondary) windows are traversed (otherwise, if only window is
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
specified, traversal is done only to the last focused window in a
transient group). If an icon function argument is specified, the
function applies only to icons. If a window function argument is
specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.nop This function does nothing.
f.normalize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its
normal size. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are
placed in their normal state along with their associated primary
window.
f.normalize_and_raise
This function causes the corresponding client window to be
displayed with its normal size and raised to the top of the window
stack. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are placed
in their normal state along with their associated primary window.
f.pack_icons
This function is used to relayout icons (based on the layout policy
being used) on the root window or in the icon box. In general this
causes icons to be "packed" into the icon grid.
f.pass_keys
This function is used to enable/disable (toggle) processing of key
bindings for window manager functions. When it disables key
binding processing, all keys are passed on to the window with the
keyboard input focus and no window manager functions are invoked.
If the f.pass_keys function is invoked with a key binding to
disable key-binding processing, the same key binding can be used to
enable key-binding processing.
f.post_wmenu
This function is used to post the window menu. If a key is used to
post the window menu and a window menu button is present, the
window menu is automatically placed with its top-left corner at the
bottom-left corner of the window menu button for the client window.
If no window menu button is present, the window menu is placed at
the top-left corner of the client window.
f.prev_cmap
This function installs the previous colormap in the list of
colormaps for the window with the colormap focus.
f.prev_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the previous
window/icon in the set of windows/icons managed by the window
manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of
windows on the screen). This function is treated as f.nop if
keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit. The keyboard input focus is
moved only to windows that do not have an associated secondary
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window that is application modal. If the transient argument is
specified, transient (secondary) windows are traversed (otherwise,
if only window is specified, traversal is done only to the last
focused window in a transient group). If an icon function argument
is specified, the function applies only to icons. If an window
function argument is specified, the function applies only to
windows.
f.quit_mwm
This function terminates mwm (but NOT the X window system).
f.raise [-client]
This function raises a client window to the top of the window stack
(where it is obscured by no other window). Secondary windows (that
is, transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary
window. The client argument indicates the name or class of a
client to raise. If the client argument is not specified, the
context that the function was invoked in indicates the window or
icon to raise.
f.raise_lower
This function raises a client window to the top of the window stack
if it is partially obscured by another window, otherwise it lowers
the window to the bottom of the window stack. Secondary windows
(that is, transient windows) are restacked with their associated
primary window.
f.refresh
This function causes all windows to be redrawn.
f.refresh_win
This function causes a client window to be redrawn.
f.resize
This function causes a client window to be interactively resized.
f.restart
This function causes mwm to be restarted (effectively terminated
and re-executed).
f.send_msg message_number
This function sends a client message of the type _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES
with the message_type indicated by the message_number function
argument. The client message is sent only if message_number is
included in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property. A menu item
label is grayed out if the menu item is used to do f.send_msg of a
message that is not included in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES
property.
f.separator
This function causes a menu separator to be put in the menu pane at
the specified location (the label is ignored).
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f.set_behavior
This function causes the window manager to restart with the default
behavior (if a custom behavior is configured) or revert to the
custom behavior. By default this is bound to
Shift Ctrl Meta <Key>!.
f.title
This function inserts a title in the menu pane at the specified
location.
Each function may be constrained as to which resource types can specify
the function (for example, menu pane) and also what context the function
can be used in (for example, the function is done to the selected client
window). Function contexts are
root No client window or icon has been selected as an object
for the function.
window A client window has been selected as an object for the
function. This includes the window's title bar and frame.
Some functions are applied only when the window is in its
normalized state (for example, f.maximize) or its
maximized state (for example, f.normalize).
icon An icon has been selected as an object for the function.
If a function's context has been specified as icon|window and the
function is invoked in an icon box, the function applies to the icon box,
not to the icons inside.
If a function is specified in a type of resource where it is not
supported or is invoked in a context that does not apply, the function is
treated as f.nop. The following table indicates the resource types and
function contexts in which window manager functions apply.
________________________________________________________
| Function | Contexts | Resources |
|______________|____________________|___________________|
|______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.beep | root, icon, window| button, key, menu|
|______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.circle_down| root, icon, window| button, key, menu|
|______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.circle_up | root, icon, window| button, key, menu|
|______________|____________________|___________________|
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Function Contexts Resources
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.exec root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.focus_color root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.focus_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.kill icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.lower icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.maximize icon, window(normal) button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.menu root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.minimize window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.move icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.next_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.next_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.nop root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.normalize icon, window(maximized) button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.normalize_and_raise icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.pack_icons root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.pass_keys root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.post_wmenu root, icon, window button, key
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.prev_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.prev_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.quit_mwm root button, key, menu (root only)
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.raise icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.raise_lower icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.refresh root, icon, window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
f.refresh_win window button, key, menu
_________________________________________________________________________________
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
|f.resize | window | button, key, menu |
|_____________________|_________________________|_______________________________|
|f.restart | root | button, key, menu (root only)|
|_____________________|_________________________|_______________________________|
|f.send_msg | icon, window | button, key, menu |
|_____________________|_________________________|_______________________________|
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_________________________________________________________
| Function | Contexts | Resources |
|_______________|____________________|___________________|
|_______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.separator | root, icon, window| menu |
|_______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.set_behavior| root, icon, window| button, key, menu|
|_______________|____________________|___________________|
| f.title | root, icon, window| menu |
|_______________|____________________|___________________|
Window Manager Event Specification
Events are indicated as part of the specifications for button and key-
binding sets, and menu panes.
Button events have the following syntax:
button = [modifier_list]<button_event_name>
modifier_list = modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means
that only the specified modifiers can be present when the button event
occurs). The following table indicates the values that can be used for
modifier_name. The [Alt] key is frequently labeled [Extend] or [Meta].
Alt and Meta can be used interchangeably in event specification.
_________________________
| Modifier| Description |
|_________|______________|
|_________|______________|
| Ctrl | Control Key |
|_________|______________|
| Shift | Shift Key |
|_________|______________|
| Alt | Alt/Meta Key|
|_________|______________|
| Meta | Meta/Alt Key|
|_________|______________|
| Lock | Lock Key |
|_________|______________|
| Mod1 | Modifier1 |
|_________|______________|
| Mod2 | Modifier2 |
|_________|______________|
| Mod3 | Modifier3 |
|_________|______________|
| Mod4 | Modifier4 |
|_________|______________|
| Mod5 | Modifier5 |
|_________|______________|
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
The following table indicates the values that can be used for
button_event_name.
_________________________________________
| Button | Description |
|___________|____________________________|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn1Down | Button 1 Press |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn1Up | Button 1 Release |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn1Click | Button 1 Press and Release|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn1Click2| Button 1 Double-Click |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn2Down | Button 2 Press |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn2Up | Button 2 Release |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn2Click | Button 2 Press and Release|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn2Click2| Button 2 Double-Click |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn3Down | Button 3 Press |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn3Up | Button 3 Release |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn3Click | Button 3 Press and Release|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn3Click2| Button 3 Double-Click |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn4Down | Button 4 Press |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn4Up | Button 4 Release |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn4Click | Button 4 Press and Release|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn4Click2| Button 4 Double-Click |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn5Down | Button 5 Press |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn5Up | Button 5 Release |
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn5Click | Button 5 Press and Release|
|___________|____________________________|
| Btn5Click2| Button 5 Double-Click |
|___________|____________________________|
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Key events that are used by the window manager for menu mnemonics and for
binding to window manager functions are single key presses; key releases
are ignored. Key events have the following syntax:
key = [modifier_list]<Key>key_name
modifier_list = modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means
that only the specified modifiers can be present when the key event
occurs). Modifiers for keys are the same as those that apply to buttons.
The key_name is an X11 keysym name. Keysym names can be found in the
keysymdef.h file (remove the XK_ prefix).
Button Bindings
The buttonBindings resource value is the name of a set of button bindings
that are used to configure window manager behavior. A window manager
function can be done when a button press occurs with the pointer over a
framed client window, an icon, or the root window. The context for
indicating where the button press applies is also the context for
invoking the window manager function when the button press is done
(significant for functions that are context sensitive).
The button binding syntax is
Buttons bindings_set_name
{
button context function
button context function
.
.
button context function
}
The syntax for the context specification is
context = object[|context]
object = root | icon | window | title | frame | border | app
The context specification indicates where the pointer must be for the
button binding to be effective. For example, a context of window
indicates that the pointer must be over a client window or window
management frame for the button binding to be effective. The frame
context is for the window management frame around a client window
(including the border and titlebar), the border context is for the border
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
part of the window management frame (not including the titlebar), the
title context is for the title area of the window management frame, and
the app context is for the application window (not including the window
management frame).
If an f.nop function is specified for a button binding, the button
binding is not done.
Key Bindings
The keyBindings resource value is the name of a set of key bindings that
are used to configure window manager behavior. A window manager function
can be done when a particular key is pressed. The context in which the
key binding applies is indicated in the key binding specification. The
valid contexts are the same as those that apply to button bindings.
The key binding syntax is
Keys bindings_set_name
{
key context function
key context function
.
.
key context function
}
If an f.nop function is specified for a key binding, the key binding is
not done. If an f.postwmenu or f.menu function is bound to a key, mwm
will automatically use the same key for removing the menu from the screen
after it has been popped up.
The context specification syntax is the same as for button bindings. For
key bindings, the frame, title, border, and app contexts are equivalent
to the window context. The context for a key event is the window or icon
that has the keyboard input focus (root if no window or icon has the
keyboard input focus).
Menu Panes
Menus can be popped up using the f.post_wmenu and f.menu window manager
functions. The context for window manager functions that are done from a
menu is root, icon or window depending on how the menu was popped up. In
the case of the window menu or menus popped up with a key binding, the
location of the keyboard input focus indicates the context. For menus
popped up using a button binding, the context of the button binding is
the context of the menu.
The menu pane specification syntax is
Menu menu_name
{
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
.
.
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
}
Each line in the Menu specification identifies the label for a menu item
and the function to be done if the menu item is selected. Optionally a
menu button mnemonic and a menu button keyboard accelerator may be
specified. Mnemonics are functional only when the menu is posted and
keyboard traversal applies.
The label may be a string or a bitmap file. The label specification has
the following syntax:
label = text | bitmap_file
bitmap_file = @file_name
text = quoted_item | unquoted_item
The string encoding for labels must be compatible with the menu font that
is used. Labels are greyed out for menu items that do the f.nop function
or an invalid function or a function that doesn't apply in the current
context.
A mnemonic specification has the following syntax
mnemonic = _character
The first matching character in the label is underlined. If there is no
matching character in the label, no mnemonic is registered with the
window manager for that label. Although the character must exactly match
a character in the label, the mnemonic does not execute if any modifier
(such as Shift) is pressed with the character key.
The accelerator specification is a key event specification with the same
syntax as is used for key bindings to window manager functions.
Environment
mwm uses the environment variable HOME specifying the user's home
directory.
mwm uses the environment variable LANG specifying the user's choice of
language for the mwm message catalog and the mwm resource description
file.
mwm uses the environment variables XFILESEARCHPATH, XUSERFILESEARCHPATH,
XAPPLRESDIR, XENVIRONMENT, LANG, and HOME in determining search paths for
resource defaults files.
mwm reads the $HOME/.motifbind file if it exists to install a virtual key
bindings property on the root window. For more information on the
content of the .motifbind file, see VirtualBindings(3X).
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mwm(1X) UNIX System V mwm(1X)
mwm uses the environment variable MWMSHELL (or SHELL, if MWMSHELL is not
set), specifying the shell to use when executing commands via the f.exec
function.
Files
/usr/lib/X11/$LANG/system.mwmrc /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm $HOME/Mwm $HOME/.Xdefaults
$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc $HOME/.mwmrc $HOME/.motifbind
RELATED INFORMATION
VendorShell(3X), VirtualBindings(3X), X(1), and XmInstallImage(3X).
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