xvolwm(1) UNIX System V(6 August 1991) xvolwm(1)
NAME
xvolwm - OPEN LOOK window manager for OpenWindows
SYNOPSIS
xvolwm [ options ]
DESCRIPTION
xvolwm is a window manager for the X Window System that implements parts
of the OPEN LOOK graphical user interface. It is the standard window
manager for Sun's OpenWindows product, but it will work properly with any
X11 system.
OPTIONS
Most command-line options have counterparts in the resource database. A
command-line option will override any setting from the resource database.
-2d Use two-dimensional look. This is the default for monochrome
systems.
-3d Use three-dimensional look. This is the default for color systems.
This option is ignored for monochrome systems.
-bd, -bordercolor
Specifies the border color. See the description of the BorderColor
resource.
-bg, -background
Specifies the background color. See the description of the
Background resource.
-c, -click
Use click-to-focus mode. This is the default focus mode.
-depth depth
Specifies the depth of the visual in which xvolwm is to run. See
the discussion in the Screen Resources section.
-display display-string
Specify the name of the display to manage. Overrides the DISPLAY
environment variable, if any. In addition, the display string is
exported to xvolwm's environment, so processes forked from xvolwm
will inherit this value.
-f, -follow
Use focus-follows-mouse mode. Default mode is click-to-focus.
-fn font-name, -font font-name
Set the font for window titles.
-fg, -foreground
Specifies the foreground color. See the description of the
ForegroundColor resource.
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-multi
Manage windows on all screens that a display supports. This is the
default.
-name resource-name
Use resource-name to look up resources in the resource database.
-xrm resource-string
Specify resources on the command-line. Resources specified here
will override resources found in resource files.
-single
Manage windows for a single screen only, using the default screen
for the specified display. Overrides the -multi option.
-syncpid process-id
When xvolwm has completed its initialization, it will send a signal
(SIGALRM by default) to process-id. The signal will be sent only
if this option is present. This is useful for running xvolwm from
shell scripts (such as .xinitrc) in such a way that the script
waits for xvolwm to finish its initialization, while leaving xvolwm
as a child process of the shell script. This can be done using the
following sh(1) construct:
sleep 15 & pid=$!
xvolwm -syncpid $pid &
wait $pid
-syncsignal signal
Specifies the signal to send instead of SIGALRM. The signal is
specified as a number, not symbolically.
-visual visual-class
Specifies the class of the visual in which xvolwm is to run. See
the discussion in the Screen Resources section.
DEBUGGING OPTIONS
The following options are strictly for debugging. They are not
recommended for general use. Don't use them unless you know what you are
doing.
-all Print a message for every event received.
-debug
Equivalent to turning on all debugging options.
-orphans
Print orphaned events. Orphaned events are events that are
associated with a window or frame that has no entry in the frame
hash table, or events that are not handled by the various event
handlers.
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-synchronize
Run the window manager in synchronous mode.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OPTIONS
-basiclocale locale-name
Specify the basic OPEN LOOK locale category setting. This category
will be the base for other locale categories, therefore there are
certain restrictions applied to other locale categories (see the
following locale handling sections).
-displaylang locale-name
Specify the display language OPEN LOOK locale category. This
category affects the contents of workspace menu, window menu and
notice messages.
-numeric locale-name
Specify the numeric format OPEN LOOK locale category. This
category affects the numeric format displayed in any message that
contains numerics.
LOCALE HANDLING
Locale is the language and cultural conventions used in the program.
Locale will control the language-dependent part of xvolwm's behavior.
The OPEN LOOK international extensions have defined several OPEN LOOK
locale categories as follows:
Basic Locale
This is the basic setting for the entire locale mechanism. This
category specifies internal character handling behavior.
Display Language
This category specifies the language used for displaying menus,
notice messages and error messages.
Input Language
This category specifies the language used for text input. This
category has no affect on xvolwm, because it does not accept text
input from the keyboard.
Date Format
This category specifies the format of date and time. This category
has no affect on xvolwm, because it does not display any date and
time information.
Numeric Format
This category specifies the format of displayed numeric data.
Since the Basic Locale setting defines the character handling of xvolwm,
certain restrictions have been placed on combining the locale category
settings.
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1. If basic setting is set to other than "C" locale, then all other
locale categories must be the same as basic setting or "C".
2. If basic setting is set to "C" locale, then all other locale
categories must be in "C" locale.
The following methods are available to inform xvolwm, the locale
settings, and they are listed in order of priority:
1. Command line options (such as -basiclocale).
2. by resource database.
3. setlocale(3) function defaults (for example: LANG environment
variable).
If command line options are not used to specify locale settings, xvolwm
will pick up the new locale settings from workspace property (per changes
to the resource database); and change the locale settings dynamically
(for example, to change the language of workspace and window menus). All
pinned workspace menus will be unpinned during this locale switching
operation.
INPUT FOCUS
The input focus
is the window that will receive keystrokes. xvolwm has two different
input focus modes, which are different ways of transferring the input
focus from one window to another. By default, xvolwm uses "click-to-
focus" (also known as "click-to-type") mode. This means that you must
click on the window in order to get the focus to it. While a window has
the input focus, the mouse can be anywhere on the screen; the keyboard
events will still go to that window. You can set the input focus to a
window and simultaneously raise it to the top by clicking the left mouse
button in the window's title bar or border.
xvolwm has another focus mode called "focus-follows-mouse." In this
mode, whatever window the mouse is pointing to will receive the input
focus. To switch the input focus from one window to another, you simply
move the mouse to the other window; you don't have to click at all.
Note, however, that to transfer the focus amongst subwindows of a single
top-level window, you must click in the subwindow, or you must use focus
transfer function keys (if available from the application).
The input focus mode can be controlled with command-line options or by
entries in the resource database. Neither focus mode has inherent
advantages. Which one you choose is a matter of personal preference.
MOUSE BUTTONS
OPEN LOOK defines three mouse button functions: SELECT, ADJUST, and MENU.
These functions are mapped to mouse buttons 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
On systems with only two mouse buttons, the MENU function can be obtained
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by pressing buttons 1 and 2 simultaneously. This technique is referred
to as mouse button chording. The exact behavior of each of these
functions depends on what object is under the pointer.
MANIPULATING WINDOWS AND ICONS
Window Title Bar and Borders.
Clicking SELECT selects the window, raises it above other windows, and
deselects any other objects. In click-focus mode, the focus is also
transferred to this window. Pressing and holding SELECT and then
dragging the mouse will move windows without raising them or setting the
focus. If this window is selected, it and all other selected windows are
moved simultaneously. Otherwise, just this window is moved, and it is
not selected. If you hold down the Control key while you are moving a
window, motion is constrained to be either vertical or horizontal,
depending on whether you've moved farther in a vertical or horizontal
direction. Double-clicking SELECT on the window is the same as selecting
the Full Size (or Restore Size) menu item. Clicking ADJUST will toggle
the selected state of this window. If other windows or icons are already
selected, they remain selected. ADJUST is useful for selecting several
windows and icons. Pressing MENU will bring up the window menu. See the
Window Menu section for further details. If the Alt key is held down,
the mouse button functions become accessible anywhere over the window,
not just over the title bar and borders. The modifier used can be
changed; see the description of the WMGrab resource in the section on
Modifier Customization.
Resize Corners.
You can resize a window by pressing the left mouse button over any of the
resize corners and dragging it to the new location. Releasing the mouse
button will set the new size of the window. If you hold down the Control
key while you are dragging, the resize operation is contrained to resize
vertically or horizontally, depending on whether you've moved the mouse
farther in the horizontal or vertical direction.
Window Button.
The Window Button is the small box with a downward-pointing triangle near
the left end of the title bar. Pressing MENU over the window button will
bring up the Window Menu. Clicking SELECT over the left mouse button on
the Window Button will execute the window menu's default action. This
will usually close the window into an icon. You can change the window
menu's default action by holding down the Control key while manipulating
the window menu.
Pushpin.
OPEN LOOK pop-up windows have a pushpin instead of a window button. If
the pushpin is out of its hole, pressing a command button within the
window will cause the window to be taken down ("dismissed") after the
command is executed. If you click SELECT on the pushpin, it will move
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into its hole. In this state, pressing a command button will execute the
command without dismissing the window. Clicking SELECT over the pin will
pull it out of the hold. This will dismiss the window without executing
any commands. Some windows come up with the pin already in the hole.
Icons.
An icon represents a closed window. You can still do most of the same
operations as with an open window. Moving and selecting icons with
SELECT and ADJUST is exactly the same as for open windows. A similar
version of the Window Menu is available on an icon by pressing MENU.
Double-clicking SELECT will open the icon. Icons cannot be resized.
NONRECTANGULAR WINDOWS
The X11 Non-Rectangular Window Shape Extension (commonly referred to
simply as the Shape extension) allows windows to have arbitrary shapes.
Olwm will handle these windows by giving them no decoration whatsoever.
Shaped windows can be manipulated by using the WMGrab modifier (Alt by
default) with the mouse buttons. (See the section on Modifier
Customization for further details.) Shaped windows can be moved,
resized, closed, opened, etc. like ordinary windows. The selection
feedback for shaped windows is the presence of resize corners floating at
the corners of the bounding rectangle of the window's shape.
SELECTIONS ON THE WORKSPACE
You can select a group of windows and icons by using the left or middle
mouse buttons over the Workspace (the area of the screen outside of all
windows and icons, commonly known as the "root window"). Pressing either
SELECT or ADJUST and dragging the mouse will define a rubber-band
rectangle. When you release the mouse button, the set of windows and
icons enclosed by this rectangle will be operated on. If you created the
rectangle using SELECT, the windows and icons within will be selected,
and all other objects will be deselected. If you used ADJUST, the
objects within will have their selected state toggled, and any other
windows and icons already selected will remain selected.
WORKSPACE MENU
Pressing MENU over the workspace brings up the Workspace Menu. This menu
is customizable, but it typically contains at least the following items.
(The items may appear in a different language depending on the current
locale setting.)
Programs
This button has a sub-menu that allows you to invoke applications.
The default Programs sub-menu contains all of the programs in the
OpenWindows DeskSet. However, users typically customize this menu
to contain many more programs and to contain nested submenus. See
the section on Menu Customization for further information.
Utilities
This button has a sub-menu that contains several utility functions
for the workspace, including Refresh (redisplay all windows on the
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screen), Lock Screen, and Save Workspace.
Properties...
This item brings up the Workspace Properties window, which allows
you to view and customize settings of the OpenWindows environment.
Help...
Brings up the table of contents of the Help Handbooks.
Desktop Intro...
Brings up a tutorial introduction to the Sun Desktop.
Exit Shuts down all applications and exits the window system. A
confirmation notice is popped up first to give you a chance to
cancel the operation.
WINDOW MENU
The window menu of most windows has the following items. (The items may
appear in a different language depending on the current locale setting.)
Close Close the window to an icon. Any OPEN LOOK pop-up windows are
closed into this icon as well. They will reappear when the icon is
opened. This item is "Open" if you bring up the menu on an icon.
Full Size
Expand the window to the full height of the screen. If this has
already done, the button is Normal Size instead of Full Size.
Normal Size restores the window to the size it was before you did
the Full Size operation. If the application has specified a
maximum size for the window, this size is used for Full Size
instead of the full screen height.
Move Starts the keyboard-based form of moving the window. Appears only
if OPEN LOOK Mouseless Mode is enabled.
Resize
Starts the keyboard-based form of resizing the window. Appears
only if OPEN LOOK Mouseless Mode is enabled.
Back Move the window behind all other windows.
Refresh
Clear and redisplay the window.
Quit Kill the program running in the window and remove the window. If
the application has elected to participate in the WM_DELETE_WINDOW
protocol, xvolwm sends a WM_DELETE_WINDOW ClientMessage instead of
killing that window.
OPEN LOOK pop-up windows (as opposed to base windows) have a smaller
window menu. It lacks the Close, Full Size, and Quit items, but it has
two new items:
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Dismiss
Causes the window to be dismissed. This button has a submenu with
two items: This Window, which dismisses just this window, and All
Pop-ups, which dismisses all pop-up windows owned by this
application.
Owner?
Raises and flashes the title bar of the base window that "owns"
this pop-up window.
MENU CUSTOMIZATION FILES
You can customize xvolwm's Workspace Menu by putting a menu description
into a file that xvolwm will read. When it starts up, xvolwm will first
look for a file named by the OLWMMENU environment variable. If this
variable does not exist, or if the file is not readable, xvolwm will then
look in the file named ".openwin-menu" in your home directory. If this
file is not present or is unreadable, xvolwm will fall back on the system
default menu file. If, for some reason, the system default menu file
cannot be found, xvolwm will use a minimal, built-in menu. The menu file
that is read can also be modified by the display language locale setting.
The locale name is used as a suffix for the filename. If a localized
menu file is found, it is used in preference to the non-localized menu
file. For example, if the display language local is "japanese", the file
".openwin-menu.japanese" will take precedence over the file ".openwin-
menu".
Olwm will automatically re-read its menu file whenever the menu file
changes. This lets you make many small changes to a menu file, trying
out the modified menu after each change. The automatic re-reading can be
controlled with the AutoReReadMenuFile resource.
If xvolwm encounters a syntax error during the reading of any menu file,
a message is printed to the standard error, and the reading of this menu
file is considered to have failed. Olwm will then attempt to read the
next file in the sequence as described above.
MENU SPECIFICATION SYNTAX
The menu specification language has a number of keywords, all of which
are in all upper case letters. The keywords are not translated into the
language specified by the the locale category settings. Keywords are
always in English.
Each line typically specifies one menu button. There are three fields on
each line: a label, the optional keyword "DEFAULT", and a command. The
label is either a single word or a string enclosed in double quotes.
This is the label that appears in the menu button. If the optional
keyword "DEFAULT" appears next, this menu item becomes the default item
for this menu. The rest of the line (excluding leading whitespace) is
considered to be a command. It is executed by sending it to sh(1). Any
shell metacharacters will be passed through to the shell unchanged. A
line containing only the keyword "SEPARATOR" will add extra space before
the next item.
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A sub-menu is specified using the special keyword "MENU" in place of a
command. A button is added to the current menu, and clicking or pulling
right on this button will bring up the sub-menu. Subsequent lines in the
menu file define buttons for the sub-menu, until a line that has the
special keyword "END" in the command field is encountered. The label of
the MENU line must match the label on the END line, otherwise an error is
signaled. Sub-menus can be nested arbitrarily, bracketed by MENU and END
lines with matching labels. To make a sub-menu pinnable, add the special
keyword "PIN" after the END keyword on the line that ends the sub-menu
definition.
A sub-menu can be specified in a different file by putting the pathname
of the file after the MENU keyword. In this case, the file so named is
assumed to contain lines that specify menu buttons. The sub-menu file
need not have any MENU or END lines (unless it has sub-menus itself).
The current file need not have a matching END line if the sub-menu is
read from another file.
By default, the label in a menu button is used as the title of the
submenu. This can be overridden by specifying a line that has the
special keyword TITLE in the command field. The label from this line
will be used as the sub-menu's title. This line can appear anywhere in
the sub-menu definition. It does not add an item to the menu.
The following keywords can be used in the command field of a menu item.
They specify functions that are internal to xvolwm, that are not invoked
by running a shell.
BACK_SELN
Move the selected windows and icons behind other windows.
EXIT
Kills all applications and exits the window manager after getting
confirmation from the user. This is useful for exiting the entire
window system.
EXIT_NO_CONFIRM
Like EXIT but skips the confirmation notice.
FLIPDRAG
Toggle the state of the DragWindow resource.
FLIPFOCUS
Toggle the state of the SetInput resource.
FULL_RESTORE_SIZE_SELN
Toggle the full-sized/normal-sized states of the selected windows
and icons.
NOP
No operation; don't do anything.
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OPEN_CLOSE_SELN
Toggle the opened/closed states of the selected windows and icons.
QUIT_SELN
Quit the selected windows and icons.
POSTSCRIPT
Open up a connection to NeWS using psh(1) and send the rest of the
line to it.
PROPERTIES
Bring up Workspace Properties.
REFRESH
Refresh causes all windows on the screen to be repainted.
REREAD_MENU_FILE
Force an immediate rereading of the workspace menu customization
file. Olwm will start a complete search for a menu file (as
described in the Menu Customization section) and use the first
valid file it finds.
RESTART
Restart the window manager by issuing an exec(2) on argv. This
shouldn't affect any running applications, nor should it cause the
server to shut down.
SAVE_WORKSPACE
Take a snapshot of the set of currently running applications, and
put the command lines so obtained into the file ".openwin-init" in
the user's home directory. This runs the command
"owplaces -silent -multi -script -output $HOME/.openwin-init".
WMEXIT
Exit the window manager without killing any applications.
Here is an example root menu specification.
"My Custom Menu" TITLE
Programs MENU
"Command Tool" DEFAULT cmdtool
"Text Editor" textedit
Mail mailtool
"File Manager" filemgr
Other MENU
"Other Tools" TITLE
"Shell Tool" shelltool
"Icon Editor" iconedit
Clock clock
"Perf Meter" DEFAULT perfmeter
Other END
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Programs END PIN
"Repaint Screen" REFRESH
"Properties ..." PROPERTIES
Exit EXIT
COLORMAP INSTALLATION
Olwm will handle colormap installation for windows that have colormaps
other than the default colormap. There are two colormap focus modes:
"color-follows-mouse" and "color-locked". They are roughly analogous to
the corresponding modes for input focus. However, colormap focus mode
can be completely independent of input focus. The mode in which the
system starts up is determined by the ColorFocusLocked resource (see the
Resources section below).
Olwm keeps track of a set of windows that are eligible to have their
colormaps installed. This set includes all top-level windows of clients.
If any clients have specified other windows in a WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
property, these windows are included in the set as well.
In color-follows-mouse mode, xvolwm keeps track of the location of the
pointer and always keeps installed the colormap of the eligible window
underneath the pointer. Thus, you can install the colormap of a
particular window simply by sliding the pointer into it. The default
colormap will be restored if you move the pointer back out into a window
frame or into the workspace. In this mode, the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
properties are tracked for changes, but only to change the set of
eligible windows. Changes to these properties only cause colormaps to be
installed if the eligible window under the pointer has changed as a
result of the set of eligible windows changing. In this mode, no window
is considered to have the colormap focus; colormap installation entirely
is under control of the user.
In color-locked mode, colormaps are not installed based on pointer
motion. Instead, a particular window is considered to have the colormap
focus. When a window has the colormap focus, colormaps will not be
installed and uninstalled based on pointer motion. If a client program
changes the contents of the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property on the top-level
window with the colormap focus, xvolwm will respond by installing the
colormap of the first window named in this property. In this way, the
application whose window has the colormap focus can control colormap
installation by altering the contents of the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
property.
Note that, according to the ICCCM, if WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS does not
include the top-level window, it is assumed to occur first in the list.
If you want your program to request colormap installation via changes to
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS, you must make sure that the top-level window appears
somewhere in this property. Otherwise, xvolwm will always install the
colormap of the top-level window.
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The colormap focus may be given to a window in one of several ways. The
user can assign the colormap focus to a window by pressing the Color-Lock
key while the pointer is over the window. If the AutoColorFocus resource
is set, new windows will be given the colormap focus automatically. If
the ColorTracksInputFocus resource is set, the colormap focus will always
be given to the window that has the input focus.
In addition to setting the colormap focus, the Color-Lock key has some
additional effects. When you press the Color-Lock key, if the pointer is
within a subwindow named in the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, that
subwindow's colormap will be installed. If the pointer isn't within a
window named in the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, or if the pointer is
over the window title bar or border, the colormap of the first entry of
the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property will be installed. You can use the
Color-Lock key to install the colormap of a particular subwindow no
matter where it resides in the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS list. If there is no
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, pressing the Color-Lock key will simply
install the colormap of the top-level window.
If you press the Color-Lock key over the workspace, the default colormap
will be installed, and any window with the colormap focus will lose it.
The root window will have the colormap focus.
At any time, you can revert to color-follows-mouse mode by pressing the
Color-Unlock key. Any window with the colormap focus will lose it.
SPOT HELP
Olwm provides spot help for frames, icons, the Workspace and Window
menus, window buttons, resize corners, pushpins, and the Workspace
itself. This is done via a separate slave program, xvolwmslave(1). The
slave program is forked automatically when xvolwm starts up. The forking
of the slave program can be controlled by the RunSlaveProcess resource.
MULTIPLE SCREENS
By default, xvolwm will manage windows on all screens of the display
server. Most operations are unchanged from single screen operation. A
window exists on a particular screen for its entire lifetime. The window
cannot be moved from one screen to another, nor can it be resized to
cross a screen boundary. Windows invoked from the Workspace menu will
appear on the same screen as the menu. Spot help will appear on the same
screen as the pointer when the Help key is pressed.
Previous releases required modifications to the user's .xinitrc script to
start multiple instances of xvolwm, one for each screen. These
modifications are no longer necessary. The default Xinitrc (which
contains a single invocation of xvolwm) works for both single and
multiple screen situations.
GLOBAL RESOURCES
Global resources in xvolwm consist of two resource components. The first
component in the resource name is taken from the trailing pathname
component of argv[0]. This value is typically `xvolwm'. This name can
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be altered by using the -name command-line argument. The second resource
component names the global attribute being set. It should be one of the
names from the following list. Thus, to set the AutoColorFocus
attribute, one would use "xvolwm.AutoColorFocus" as the resource
specification.
Some resources are also interpreted by XView (see XView(7)) and are set
by the Workspace Properties program (see props(1)). For these resources,
xvolwm will also accept the string `OpenWindows' as the first resource
component. These resources are marked with an asterisk `*'.
Colors can be specified using the formats parsed by the Xlib
XParseColor() function. Common formats are color names (see showrgb(1))
and explicit red, green, and blue values in hexadecimal, preceded by a
`#'. For example, a bright magenta would be specified with "#ff00ff".
Boolean values can be specified with the words "true", "false", "on",
"off", "yes", "no", "1", "0", "t", and "nil".
AutoColorFocus (boolean)
Indicates whether newly appearing windows are to be given the
colormap focus automatically. See the section on Colormap
Installation for further details. Default value: false.
AutoInputFocus (boolean)
Indicates whether newly appearing windows are to be given the input
focus automatically. Default value: false.
AutoRaise (boolean)
Raise windows automatically when they receive the focus. This is
useful in click-to-focus if you always like to type into the
topmost window. This is useful in focus-follow-mouse when the
AutoRaiseDelay resource is set to a reasonable value. Default
value: false.
AutoRaiseDelay (integer)
Amount of time to delay, in microseconds, between a window
receiving the focus and raising it above other windows. Effective
only when the value of the AutoRaise resource is true. Default
value: 0.
AutoReReadMenuFile (boolean)
Specifies whether the menu file is to be re-read whenever it
changes. Default value: true.
Background (color)
Specifies the background color. This is used for the background of
masked icons. Note: it is not used for the backgrounds of icon
windows such as those used by XView (see XView(7)). This resource
is also distinct from the WindowColor resource. Default value:
white.
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BasicLocale (locale name)
Specifies the basic OPEN LOOK locale category setting. See the
section on Locale Handling for more details.
Beep (enumeration) *
Specifies the circumstances under which xvolwm should beep.
Permissible values are the strings "always", "never", and
"notices". The string "never" means that xvolwm should never beep,
"notices" means that xvolwm should beep only when a notice appears,
and "always" means that xvolwm will beep whenever it is
appropriate. Default value: always.
BorderColor (color)
Specifies the color used for window and icon borders. Default
value: black.
ButtonFont (font name)
Font to be used for buttons in menus and notices. Default value:
Lucida-Sans.
ClickMoveThreshold (integer)
This value is used when bringing up a menu. If the mouse moves
more than this amount while the menu button is down, the menu is
considered to be in press-drag-release mode. Otherwise, the menu
is in click-move-click mode. Default value: 5.
ColorTracksInputFocus (boolean)
If true, indicates that the colormap focus is to be set
automatically to any window that receives the input focus. See the
section on Colormap Installation for further details. Default
value: false.
ColorFocusLocked (boolean)
Specifies the initial state of the colormap focus policy. If true,
the default colormap is locked into the hardware. If false, the
colormap of the window under the mouse is kept installed. See the
section on Colormap Installation for further details. Default
value: false.
CursorFont (font name)
Specifies the font to be used for cursors. It is probably not
useful to change this unless you have an alternate cursor font with
the same encoding as the OPEN LOOK cursor font. Default value:
-sun-open look cursor-*-*-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*.
DefaultIconImage (filename)
Specifies a file containing a bitmap to be used as the default icon
image.
DefaultIconMask (filename)
Specifies a file containing a bitmap to be used as the default icon
mask.
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DefaultTitle (string)
Specifies the string to be used in the title bar of windows that
have not provided a string in the WM_NAME property. Default value:
No Name.
DisplayLang (locale name)
Specifies the display language OPEN LOOK locale category. See the
section on Locale Handling for more details.
DragRightDistance (integer) *
The number of pixels you must drag the mouse to the right in a menu
item to bring up a submenu. The submenu always comes up when you
move over the menu mark (the right-pointing triangle), regardless
of the drag-right distance. Default value: 100.
DragThreshold (integer) *
This is the number of pixels the mouse must move while a mouse
button is down in order to have the action be considered a drag.
If the mouse moves fewer than this number of pixels while the
button is down, it is considered to be click instead of a drag.
Default value: 5.
DragWindow (boolean)
If true, drags the entire image of the window when you move it.
Otherwise, just drags the window outline. Default value: false.
EdgeMoveThreshold (integer)
Specifies the amount of "hysteresis" provided when moving windows
past the edge of the screen. When you move a window or an icon, it
will pause when it touches the edge of the screen. This is to
allow you to easily position windows right up against the edge of
the screen. If you move farther, the window or icon will continue
to move past the edge. You can prevent windows from ever lapping
off the screen by setting an extremely large value (say, 10000) for
this resource, and you can disable this feature entirely by
specifying a value of zero. Default value: 10.
FlashCount (integer)
Number of times the title bar is flashed when the "Owners?" menu
item is activated. Default value: 6.
FlashTime (integer)
Amount of time, in microseconds, for which the title bar is flashed
when the "Owner?" menu item is activated. Default value: 100000.
FocusLenience (boolean)
If this is set to true, xvolwm will not enforce the ICCCM
requirement that windows must have the input hint set in order to
receive the input focus. This option is useful if you run clients
that aren't ICCCM-compliant, like many X11R3-based clients.
Default value: false.
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Foreground (color)
Specifies the foreground color. This color is used mainly for the
text of window and icon titles and in menus. Default value: black.
GlyphFont (font name)
Glyph font used for drawing OPEN LOOK graphics. Changing this font
is mainly useful for changing its size. Specifying a different
font, such as a text font, will result in undesirable behavior.
Default value: -sun-open look glyph-*-*-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*.
IconFlashCount (integer)
Number of times to flash the open/close "zoom" lines. Default
value: 3.
IconFlashOffTime (integer)
Amount of time to pause while open/close "zoom" lines are not
visible. Default value: 1.
IconFlashOnTime (integer)
Amount of time to pause while open/close "zoom" lines are visible.
Default value: 20000.
IconFont (font name)
Font used for icon names. Default: Lucida-Sans.
IconLocation (enumeration) *
One of the words "top-lr", "top-rl", "bottom-lr", "bottom-rl",
"left-tb", "left-bt", "right-tb", or "right-bt". These specify
that icons should be arranged along a particular edge of the
screen, ordered from left to right or top to bottom as appropriate.
The words "top", "bottom", "left", and "right" are synonyms for
"top-lr", "bottom-lr", "left-tb", and "right-tb", respectively.
Default value: top.
InvertFocusHighlighting (boolean)
In click-to-focus, the input focus is normally indicated by a solid
rectangle in the title bar. In focus-follows-mouse, focus is
normally indicated with two lines in the title bar. If this
resource is true, the style of highlighting is inverted with
respect to the focus style. This results in two lines for click-
to-focus and a solid bar for focus-follows-mouse. Default value:
false.
KeepTransientsAbove (boolean)
Specifies whether xvolwm should attempt to keep transient windows
above their owner window. Default value: true.
KeyboardCommands (enumeration) *
Permissible values for this resource are SunView1, Basic, and Full.
Values are case-sensitive. In Full mode, all OPEN LOOK Mouseless
commands implemented by the window manager are active. See the
section on Key Binding for further information. In Basic mode, the
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keys active are Open, Front, Help, and the colormap keys. In
SunView1 mode, the only keys active are Open and Front. Default
value: Basic.
MinimalDecor (list of strings)
Specifies a list of windows that are to be decorated minimally.
Decoration on such windows includes only a thin border and resize
corners, with no title bar or window button. The value should be a
whitespace-separated list of strings. Each string should specify
an applications class or instance name, as passed in the WM_CLASS
property. Most applications set this property based on the name of
the executable (i.e. argv[0]). For example, to specify that the
clock and the calculator should be decorated minimally, you would
use the following resource:
xvolwm.MinimalDecor: calctool clock
Many applications will allow you to override the value of the
WM_CLASS property using the -name option on the command line.
Default value: (null).
MouseChordTimeout (integer)
Specifies the amount of time, in milliseconds, that xvolwm is to
wait for subsequent events to disambiguate chorded mouse button
event sequences.
MultiClickTimeout (integer) *
The time, in tenths of a second, that differentiates a double-click
from two single clicks. Default value: 5.
Numeric (locale name)
Specifies the numeric format OPEN LOOK locale category. See the
section on Locale Handling for more details.
PaintWorkspace (boolean)
If true, xvolwm will use the WorkspaceColor resource to set the
workspace (root window) background color. If false, xvolwm will
not change the root window background. This is useful If you
prefer to set your own workspace color using xsetroot(1) or a
similar program. Default value: true.
PPositionCompat (boolean)
Turns on backward compatibility for older applications that have a
habit of always setting the PPosition flag in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS
property, even when they haven't set a position. This most often
occurs with X11R3-based clients. Without backward compatibility,
these windows will always appear in the upper-left corner of the
screen. With backward compatibility, these windows will be
positioned according to the default OPEN LOOK window placement
policy, along the diagonal of the screen. This option will not
affect windows that have a geometry specified on the command line.
Default value: false.
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PopupJumpCursor (boolean) *
Specifies whether to warp the cursor to popup windows. Default
value: true.
RaiseOnActivate (boolean)
Specifies whether a window is to be raised when it is activated via
a Mouseless command. Default value: true.
RefreshRecursively (boolean)
Determines how the Refresh menu items on the window and workspace
menus operate. If the value is true, xvolwm will walk the window
hierarchy and send exposure events to every window. This is useful
for refreshing windows that have backing store. If the value is
false, xvolwm will map a window and then unmap it, causing all
windows underneath that do not have backing store get get
exposures. When this feature is on, the Refresh operation
generates a large amount of client-server traffic. It may be
useful to turn this feature off if the connection transport has low
bandwidth or long latency. Default value: true.
ReverseVideo (boolean)
If true, reverses the sense of black and white on monochrome
screens. Ignored for color screens. Default value: false.
RubberBandThickness (integer)
Specifies the thickness of the "rubber-band" line that is drawn
when a window is resized, when a group of windows is selected by
dragging a rectangle on the root, and when a window is moved and
the value of the DragWindow resource is false.
RunSlaveProcess (boolean)
If false, disables the running of xvolwmslave(1) at startup time.
If the slave process is not running, Spot Help will not be
available on objects owned by xvolwm such as pushpins and resize
corners. Default value: true.
SaveWorkspaceTimeout (integer)
Number of seconds to wait while the Save Workspace operation is in
progress. If all applications haven't responded with this amount
of time, the operation is considered to have failed. Default
value: 30.
SelectDisplaysMenu (boolean) *
If true, pressing the SELECT mouse button will bring up a menu
item's submenu (if any) instead of executing the submenu's default
action. Default value: false.
SelectionFuzz (integer)
Number of pixels of "fuzz" to be applied when selecting windows and
icons by dragging a rectangle on the workspace. Consider an object
that lies almost entirely within the selection rectangle, but that
laps outside the rectangle by a few pixels. The object will be
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considered to be within the selection rectangle if it laps outside
by fewer than or equal to "fuzz" pixels. Default value: 1.
SelectToggleStacking (boolean)
If true, double-clicking on a window will push it to the back
instead of zooming it to its full size. Default value: false.
SelectWindows (boolean)
If false, the SELECT mouse button will not select windows and
icons. Its other functions are unaffected. The ADJUST mouse
button can still be used to select windows and icons. Default
value: true.
ServerGrabs (boolean)
Controls whether xvolwm grabs the server while menus and notices
are up. Default value: true.
SetInput (enumeration) *
This controls the input focus mode. If the value is "select", it
means click-to-focus. If the value is "followmouse", it means
focus-follows-mouse. Default value: select.
ShowMoveGeometry (boolean)
Indicates whether the geometry box should be shown while moving
windows and icons. Default value: false.
ShowResizeGeometry (boolean)
Indicates whether the geometry box should be shown while resizing
windows. Default value: false.
SnapToGrid (boolean)
Determines whether icons will snap to a grid when they are moved.
Default value: false.
TextFont (font name)
Font used in the text of notices. Default: Lucida-Sans.
TitleFont (font name)
Font used in title bars atop windows and menus. Default: Lucida-
Sans Bold.
TransientsSaveUnder (boolean)
Specifies whether the save-under attribute of transient windows is
to be forced on. Default value: true.
TransientsTitled (boolean)
Specifies whether transient windows should have title bars.
Normally, transient windows have a title bar and resize corners,
but no window button or pushpin. Setting this resource to false
will remove the title bar from transient windows. Default value:
true.
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Use3D (boolean)
Specifies whether to use 3D OPEN LOOK when possible. If false, 3D
look is never used. If true, 3D is used unless the display
hardware cannot support it. Default value: true.
Use3DFrames (boolean)
Specifies whether to use a 3D look for the frame borders. If true,
the frames will be given a 3D look; otherwise, they have the same
thick border as in 2D look. Some people prefer the look of 3D
frames, but it is more difficult to distinguish selected from
unselected windows with this option turned on. Default value:
false.
Use3DResize (boolean)
Specifies whether the window resize corners are to be in the 2D or
3D look. Default value: false.
WindowColor (color) *
Specify the color of windows. This is the "BG1" color for 3D OPEN
LOOK. It is used for the backgrounds of windows, menus, and
notices. Other the 3D effect is achieved by using highlight and
shadow colors derived from this color. Default value: #ccc.
This specifies a 20% gray value.
WorkspaceColor (color) *
Specify the color for the workspace (root window). On startup,
xvolwm will set the root window's background color to the color
specified by this resource, and it will restore the deafult
background on shutdown. To turn off this behavior, see the
description of the PaintWorkspace resource. Default value:
#40a0c0.
SCREEN RESOURCES
In addition to the global resources described above, xvolwm also uses
screen-specific resources. The first component of the resource
specification is the trailing pathname component of argv[0]. The second
component is the screen number appended to the string `screen'. The
third component of the resource name is the name of the resource itself.
For example,
xvolwm.screen1.ReverseVideo: true
enables reverse video on screen number 1 for xvolwm. To affect all
screens, you can use resource wildcarding. For example,
`xvolwm*ReverseVideo: true' will set reverse video for all screens xvolwm
manages.
The following resources are available both globally and on a per-screen
basis. A screen-specific resource overrides the corresopnding global
setting for that screen. Note that screen specific settings for
WorkspaceColor and WindowColor will only affect xvolwm; this may cause
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clashes with XView clients which only use the global setting.
Background
BorderColor
Foreground
ReverseVideo
WindowColor
WorkspaceColor
The following resources allow the selection of visuals other than the
screen's default. Available visuals may be listed with the xdpyinfo(1)
command.
Depth (integer)
Specify the visual depth to be used when searching for visuals.
Default value: none.
Visual (enumeration)
Specify the visual class to be used when searching for visuals.
Valid visual classes are StaticGray, GrayScale, StaticColor,
PseudoColor, TrueColor, and DirectColor. Names are case-sensitive.
Default value: none.
VisualID (id)
Specify the visual ID to be used. Note: specifying a visual by its
ID is not portable, as IDs may vary from server to server and even
from one invocation of a server to the next. Default value: none.
MOUSELESS OPERATION
Olwm implements OPEN LOOK Mouseless operation. This is a set of
functions bound to keys that enable one to use the window system entirely
without a pointing device. Some Mouseless functions are also useful for
"cross-over" users, who may want to use them as accelerators for mouse-
based operations.
One can navigate from window to window using the Next Application,
Previous Application, Next Window, and Previous Window functions, bound
by default to Alt-n, Alt-Shift-n, Alt-w, and Alt-Shift-w, respectively.
(See the section on Key Binding for more detailed information.) You can
bring up both the window and the workspace menu using Alt-m and Alt-
Shift-m, respectively. Once a menu is up, you can navigate through it by
using the arrow keys or by pressing the first letter of the menu item you
want to go to. You can execute the current item by pressing Return, or
you can cancel the menu using Stop or Escape.
You can also move and resize windows use Mouseless functions. This can
be accomplished by selecting the Move or Resize items on the window menu.
(Keyboard acclerators for these items are Alt-F6 and Alt-F7,
respectively.) In Move mode, you can use the arrow keys to move the
window in the desired direction. You can also hold down the Control key
to "jump" the window by a larger distance each time you press an arrow
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key. In Resize mode, the first arrow key selects the edge you are
moving, and subsequent arrow keys move that edge. For example, to shrink
a window from the right (that is, to move it right edge to the left) you
would first enter resize mode using Alt-F7, press the right arrow key to
select the right edge, and then press the left arrow key to move the edge
to the left. As in move mode, you can hold down Control to "jump" the
edge by a greater increment. You can press Return to accept the new size
or location, and you can press Escape or Stop to abort the move or resize
operation.
KEY BINDING
Key bindings are specified using resources. There is one resource per
function, and the value of the resources are the keys to which the
function is bound. The resource value consists of a comma-separated list
of key specifications. Each key specification consists of a keysym
optionally followed by modifier keysyms; the modifier keysyms are
separated by `+' signs. For example, to bind a function to F2, control-
F3, and alt-shift-F4, one would use the value:
F2,F3+Control,F4+Shift+Alt
Any keysym whose key is in the modifier mapping may be used as a
modifier. The following can also be used as aliases for common modifier
keysyms: Shift, Lock, Control, Ctrl, Ctl, Meta, Alt, Super, and Hyper.
Resource names are prefixed with the trailing pathname component of
argv[0], followed by KeyboardCommand (note that this is singular, not to
be confused with the KeyboardCommands resource), followed by a resource
from the following list. For example, the resource specification for
setting the Stop function would typically be:
xvolwm.KeyboardCommand.Stop
Each item in this list is followed by its default keyboard binding and a
description of what the function does. Items marked with an asterisk `*'
involve keyboard grabs. Other items are active only while xvolwm is in a
mode, such as when a menu is up. Note: most of the functions that
require grabs are active only when the KeyboardCommands resource is set
to Full. See the description of this resource in the section on Global
Resources.
Stop (L1, Escape)
Abort the current mode or action.
DefaultAction (Return, Meta-Return, Enter)
Execute the default action for the current menu or notice.
Select (space)
Select the current button.
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Adjust (Alt-Insert)
Toggle the selected state of the current object.
Menu (Alt-space)
Bring up a menu on the current object.
InputFocusHelp (?, Control-?)
Bring up Help on the object with the input focus.
Up (up-arrow)
Move up one item.
Down (down-arrow)
Move down one item.
Left (left-arrow)
Move left one item.
Right (right-arrow)
Move right one item.
JumpUp (Control up-arrow)
Move up ten items.
JumpDown (Control down-arrow)
Move down ten items.
JumpLeft (Control left-arrow)
Move left ten items.
JumpRight (Control right-arrow)
Move right ten items.
RowStart (Home, R7)
Move to the start of the current row.
RowEnd (End, R13)
Move to the end of the current row.
DataStart (Control-Home)
Move to the start of the data.
DataEnd (Control-End)
Move to the end of the data.
FirstControl (Control-[)
Move to the first item.
LastControl (Control-])
Move to the last item.
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NextElement (Tab, Control-Tab)
Move to the next item.
PreviousElement (Shift-Tab, Control-Shift-Tab)
Move to the previous item.
Open (Alt-L7) *
Open the object with the input focus.
Help (Help) *
Bring up Spot Help on the object under the pointer.
LockColormap (Control-L2) *
Install the colormap of the subwindow under the pointer, and give
the colormap focus to the top-level window containing the pointer.
See Colormap Installation
for further details.
UnlockColormap (Control-L4) *
Revert to color-follows-mouse mode, and unset colormap focus. See
Colormap Installation
for further details.
Front (Alt-L5) *
Bring the object with the input focus to the front.
FocusToPointer (Alt-Shift-j) *
Set the focus to the window under the pointer.
NextApp (Alt-n) *
Move the focus to the next base window. Windows are ordered
clockwise starting at the top. Icons come after all windows, also
in a clockwise fashion. Order proceeds from the last icon on a
screen to the first window of the next screen. After the last
screen, the order wraps back around to the first screen.
PreviousApp (Alt-Shift-n) *
Move the focus to the previous base window. See NextApp for
details about the window traversal order.
ToggleInput (Alt-t) *
Move the input focus to the previous window that had the input
focus.
NextWindow (Alt-w) *
Move to the next window in the family of windows consisting of a
base window and a set of popups. Windows are ordered clockwise,
starting at the top of the screen.
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PreviousWindow (Alt-Shift-w) *
Move to the previous window in the family of windows consisting of
a base window and a set of popups. Windows are ordered clockwise,
starting at the top of the screen.
TogglePin (Meta-Insert) *
Toggle the state of the pin of the window with the input focus.
SuspendMouseless (Alt-z) *
Temporarily suspend all key grabs associated with Mouseless
operation.
ResumeMouseless (Alt-Shift-z) *
Resume grabs after temporary suspension.
QuoteNextKey (Alt-q) *
Pass the next key sequence to the application with the focus,
ignoring any grabs.
Refresh (Alt-F8) *
Repaint the window with the focus.
Back (Alt-F5) *
Move the focus window behind other windows.
OpenClose (Alt-F2) *
Toggle the open/clos state of the window with the focus.
FullRestore (Alt-F3) *
Toggle the full-sized/normal-sized state of the window with the
focus.
Quit (Alt-F9) *
Quit the window with the focus.
Owner (Alt-F10) *
Flash the owner of the popup window with the focus.
WorkspaceMenu (Alt-Shift-m) *
Bring up the workspace menu.
WindowMenu (Alt-m) *
Bring up the window menu on the window with the focus.
Move (Alt-F6) *
Move the window with the focus.
Resize (Alt-F7) *
Resize the window with the focus.
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OpenClosePointer (L7) *
Toggle the open/close state of the window or icon under the
pointer.
RaiseLower (L5) *
Raise the window under the pointer if obscured by other windows.
Otherwise, lower the window if it obscures other windows.
MODIFIER CUSTOMIZATION
Olwm will alter the operation of certain mouse-based functions based on
the state of the modifier keys. The relationship between the alteration
and the associated modifier keys is controlled by a set of resources.
Resource names are prefixed with the trailing pathname component of
argv[0], followed by Modifier, followed by a resource from the list
below. For example, the resource specification to bind the Reduce
modifier would typically be
xvolwm.Modifier.Reduce
The value of each resource is a comma-separated list of modifier keysyms.
Each item in this list is followed by its default modifier and a
description of what it does.
Constrain (Control)
Constrain a move or resize operation to be only on a horizontal or
vertical direction.
Ignore (Lock, NumLock, mod5, Mode_switch)
The set of modifiers to be ignored when processing mouse events.
This resource should contain the set of locking modifiers, so that
mouse actions are still interpreted properly even while locking
modifiers are in effect.
Invert (Shift)
When moving windows, temporarily invert the sense of the DragWindow
resource. When resizing a window, temporarily move the window as
long as this modifier is held down. Return to resizing when the
modifier is released.
Reduce (Meta)
When moving windows, reduce the amount of mouse motion by a factor
of ten.
SetDefault (Control)
Sets the default item for a menu.
WMGrab (Alt)
Using the WMGrab modifier allows access to the mouse button
functions anywhere over the window, not just over the window's
title bar and border.
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ENVIRONMENT
DISPLAY
Specifies the X11 server to which to connect.
LANG, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGE, LC_TIME
These variables specify which locale to use when other methods of
locale announcement are not available. (See the section on Locale
Handling for more details.)
OLWMMENU
Specifies a file to use for the Workspace Menu.
FILES
$HOME/.openwin-menu.localename
$HOME/.openwin-menu
Contains the user-customized Workspace Menu specification.
$OPENWINHOME/lib/openwin-menu.localename
$OPENWINHOME/lib/openwin-menu
Contains the default Workspace Menu specification.
$HOME/.openwin-init
Stores the command lines obtained during the Save Workspace
operation.
TRADEMARKS
OPEN LOOK is a trademark of AT&T.
The X Window system is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
OpenWindows is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
REFERENCES
Rosenthal, David S.H. Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual for
X11. Copyright 1989 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This
document is commonly known as the ICCCM. It is an X Consortium Standard
that specifies conventions to which all X11 clients must adhere.
OPEN LOOK Graphical User Interface Functional Specification. Copyright
1989 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN 0-201-52365-5.
OPEN LOOK Graphical User Interface International Extensions Functional
Specification. Draft 1.1 (May 10, 1990). Copyright 1990 by Unix
International.
setlocale(3).
BUGS
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The resource names do not follow any classing structure. There is no
general way to specify resources on a per-client basis.
There is no way to reconfigure the mouse buttons. This makes it
impossible to use xvolwm on a system that has a one-button mouse with no
provision for simulating a second or third mouse button. (It is possible
to use xvolwm with a two-button mouse. See the section on Mouse
Buttons.)
The Exit menu item on the Workspace Menu doesn't really shut down the
server. It kills off all clients being managed by the window manager,
and then it exits the window manager itself. This works properly if some
outside agent such as xinit(1) or xdm(1) is waiting for the window
manager or a client to exit. The outside agent will take care of
shutting down the server or reinitializing it. If you've started up the
server a different way, this option may not work. Instead, the server
will be left running with no clients and no window manager running, and
you will have to login from elsewhere to kill the server. An alternative
for users of X11/NeWS is to add the following entry to the root menu:
Exit POSTSCRIPT shutdownserver
sp
This will shut down the server immediately, with no confirmation
whatsoever.
Olwm is fairly simplistic about how it manages its keyboard bindings.
For example, if you bind a function to control-F2, xvolwm will grab F2
with the Control modifier and with all combinations of the Lock and
NumLock modifiers. If another locking modifier is in effect, xvolwm's
passive grab will not be activated, and thus the function will not work.
Olwm cannot manage multiple locales at one time, therefore all clients
should be running in the same locale. The "C" locale is the exception.
Applications using the "C" locale (such as non-internationalized
applications) can be mixed with applications using one other locale.
Olwm does not handle different sizes of the glyph fonts well. Each
locale can define a different size for the default font (for example, the
default glyph font size is 12 for the "C" locale and is 14 for the
"japanese" locale). Olwm does not re-position the window decorations
after switching locale, therefore the window decorations may appear to be
wrong. To remedy this problem partially, xvolwm will not change the font
when locale is switching from non-"C" locale to the "C" locale (fonts for
non-"C" locales are always supersets of the font for "C" locale).
There is no input focus feedback for nonrectangular windows. The title
string of nonrectangular windows cannot be displayed.
Olwm will not dynamically track screen-specific resources. Only changes
to global resources are applied.
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The interaction of the AutoColorFocus, ColorFocusLocked, and
ColorTracksInputFocus resources and the color locking and unlocking keys
is overly complex.
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