TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
NAME
tgif - Xlib based 2-D drawing facility under X11. Supports hierarchical
construction of drawings and easy navigation between sets of drawings.
SYNOPSIS
tgif [-display displayname] [-fg <color>] [-bg <color>] [-bd <color>] [-
rv] [-nv] [-bw] [-geometry geom] [=geom] [file[.obj]]
DESCRIPTION
Tgif is an interactive drawing tool that allows the user to draw and
manipulate objects in the X Window System. The command line arguments
-fg, -bg, and -bd specify the foreground, background, and border colors,
respectively. The command line argument file specifies a file of objects
to be initially edited by tgif. If -rv (or -nv) is specified, tgif will
come up in reverse-video (or normal-video) mode. If -bw is specified,
tgif will come up in the black and white mode. Tgif is purely based on
Xlib. It is tested under X11-R4, and it requires a 3 button mouse.
Primitive objects supported by tgif are rectangles, ovals, rounded-corner
rectangles, arcs, polylines, polygons, open-splines, closed-splines,
text, X11 bitmaps, some specific forms of X11 pixmaps, and Encapsulated
PostScript(TM). Objects can be grouped together to form a grouped
object. A primitive or a grouped object can be made into an icon object
or a symbol object through user commands.
Tgif objects are stored in two types of files. A file with a .obj
extension (referred to as an object file) is a file of objects, and a
file with a .sym extension (referred to as a symbol file) specifies a
``building-block'' object. A teleport mechanism is provided to travel
among the .obj files. A building-block object consists of the
representation part and the definition part (which can be empty) of the
object. Tgif supports the ``bottom-up'' construction of hierarchical
drawings by providing the capability to ``instantiate'' a building-block
object in a drawing. Tgif also supports the ``top-down'' specification
of drawings by allowing the user to make any object a representation of
an un-specified subsystem. Both types of files are stored in the form of
Prolog facts. Prolog code can be written to interpret the drawings! (It
is left to the user to produce the code. See the PROLOG/C TESTDRIVE
section for more details.) Prolog engines will be referred to as drivers
in the sections to follow. (Other types of drivers are also allowed,
e.g., written in C.)
Text based attributes can be attached to any non-text object. Attributes
specified in the representation part of a building-block object are non-
detachable when such an object is instantiated. See ATTRIBUTES section
for details.
Tgif can generate output in four different formats. By default, the
output is in the PostScript(TM) format (color PostScript is supported),
and it is generated into a file named /tmp/Tgifa* (produced by mktemp()
calls) where * is a number; this file is piped to lpr. This takes place
when the laser-printer icon is displayed in the Choice Window (see below
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for the naming of tgif windows). This output can be redirected to a file
with a .ps extension. This takes place when the PS icon is displayed.
When the LaTeX icon is displayed, the output generated into a file with a
.eps extension. This file is in the encapsulated PostScript format; it
can be included in a LaTeX document with the \psfig or the \epsf
construct; this will be discussed later. When the x11bm (X11 bitmap)
icon is displayed in the Choice Window and color output is not selected,
tgif generates the output with the .xbm extension; the output is in the
X11 bitmap format. However, if the x11bm icon is displayed in the Choice
Window and color output is selected (through the ^#k keyboard command --
^ denotes the <Control> and # denotes the <Meta> key), then tgif
generates the output with the .xpm extension, and the output is in the
X11 pixmap format (the version of this XPM format depends on the settings
of the XPmOutputVersion X default). X11 bitmap files, certain forms of
X11 pixmap files (such as the one generated by tgif; see the section on
X11 PIXMAP for details), and Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files can be
imported into tgif and be represented as tgif primitive objects.
Tgif drawings are supposed to be printed on letter size paper (8.5in by
11in). Both landscape and portrait page styles are supported by tgif.
Reduction (or magnification) can be controlled by the #% keyboard command
to set the reduction/magnification. If the compiler flag -DA4PAPER is
defined (in Imakefile or Makefile.noimake), then the output is supposed
to be printed on A4 papers (which has approximate dimensions of 8.25in by
11.7in).
GRAPHICAL OBJECTS
An object in an object (.obj) file can be a primitive object, a grouped
object, or an icon object. A symbol (.sym) file can have any number of
objects allowed in an object file and exactly one symbol object. (Recall
that a symbol file specifies a building-block object.) The symbol object
in a symbol file is the representation part of the building-block object,
and the rest of the symbol file is the definition part of the building-
block object. The symbol object is highlighted with a dashed outline to
distinguish it from the rest of the objects. When a building-block
object is instantiated, the symbol part of the file is copied into the
graphics editor, and it becomes the icon for the building-block object.
All objects in tgif can be moved, duplicated, deleted, rotated, and
flipped. (However, flipping text objects horizontally will cause the
text justification to change, and flipping text objects vertically will
usually cause the text object to move.) All objects, except text and
rigid icon objects, can be stretched (scaled). (See the TGIF SUBWINDOWS
section for the definition of rigid icon objects.)
Tgif supports 32 fill patterns, 32 pen patterns, 7 default line widths, 4
line styles (plain, head arrow, tail arrow, double arrows) for polylines
and open-splines, 9 dash patterns, 3 types of text justifications, 4 text
styles (roman, italic, bold, bold-italic), 11 text sizes (8, 10, 12, 14,
18, and 24 for the 75dpi fonts and 11, 14, 17, 20, 25, and 34 for the
100dpi fonts), 5 fonts (Times, Courier, Helvetica, New-Century-
Schoolbook, Symbol), and 10 default colors (magenta, red, green, blue,
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yellow, pink, cyan, cadet-blue, white, dark-slate-gray). Only right-
angle rotations are supported.
Most commands in tgif can either be activated by a popup menu or by
typing an appropriate non-alphanumeric key. All operations that change
any object can be undone and the redone. Commands such as zoom, scroll,
change fonts while no text objects are selected, etc. are not undoable.
The undo/redo history buffer size can be set using the Tgif*HistoryDepth
X default.
TGIF SUBWINDOWS
The tgif windows are described below.
Top Window
Displays the current domain and the name of the file tgif is
looking at. Mouse clicks and key presses have no effect.
Message Window
This is right under the top window on the left. It displays tgif
messages. Clicking the left mouse button in this window scrolls
the messages towards the bottom, clicking the right mouse button
scrolls towards the top, and clicking or dragging the middle mouse
button scrolls to the location in the message history depending on
where the mouse is clicked.
Panel (Choice) Window
This is the window to the right of the message window, and it
contains a collection of icons (not to be confused with the tgif
icon objects) reflecting the current state of tgif. In top/bottom,
left/right order, it displays the current drawing mode, the page
mode (portrait/landscape), edit (see below), print mode, zoom
factor, constrained/unconstrained move (and stretch) mode, radius
for rounded-corner rectangles, text rotation, horizontal alignment
(L C R S -), vertical alignment (T M B S -), font, text size,
vertical spacing between lines of text within the same text object,
text justification, dash pattern, line style, polyline or spline,
line width, fill pattern, pen pattern, color, and special (see
below). Key presses have no effect in this window.
In addition to displaying the current state of tgif, the icons in
the Choice Window can also be used to change the current state.
Each icon is associated with a particular state variable of tgif.
Clicking the left mouse button on top of an icon cycles the state
variable associated with the icon forward; clicking the right mouse
button cycles the state variable backwards. Dragging the middle
mouse button on top of an icon usually generates a popup menu which
corresponds to an entry in the main menu for the Canvas Window
below. (The ``edit'' and ``special'' icons mentioned above are
dummy icons that allow the ``edit'' and ``special'' menus to be
accessed in the Choice Window. They do not responds to left and
right mouse clicks.) The response to the dragging of the middle
mouse button is different for the zoom, radius, and vertical
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spacing icons. Dragging the mouse left or up increases the zoom or
decreases the radius or vertical spacing; dragging the mouse right
or down has the opposite effect.
If there are objects selected in the canvas window, then the action
of the mouse will cause the selected objects to change to the newly
selected mode; note that in this case, the current choice won't
change if the middle mouse button is used.
The settings of the horizontal and vertical alignments determine
how objects (or vertices) align with each other when the ^l
keyboard command is issued, how each individual object (or vertex)
aligns with the grids when the ^t keyboard command is issued, how
objects or vertices distribute spatially with respect to each other
when the #l keyboard command is issued, and how each icon replaces
the old icon when the ^#u keyboard command is issued. The
horizontal alignments are left (L), center (C), right (R), space
(S), and ignore (-). The vertical alignments are top (T), middle
(M), bottom (B), space (S), and ignore (-). In aligning
operations, the space (S) and the ignore (-) settings have the same
effect. The space settings are used to distribute objects such
that the gaps between any two neighboring objects are equal. In
vertex mode, any non-ignore setting will cause the selected
vertices to be spaced out evenly. The best way to understand them
is to try them out.
The text vertical spacing determines the vertical distance to
advance when a carriage return is pressed during text editing. If
the user tries to set the value too negative, such that the next
line is exactly at the same position as the current line, such a
setting will not be allowed (this distance depends on the current
font and point size).
Canvas Window
This is the drawing area. The effects of the actions of the mouse
is determined by the current drawing mode. Normally, dragging the
right mouse button will generate the ModeMenu. The drawing modes
are (in order, as they appear in the ModeMenu) select, text,
rectangle, oval, polyline (open-spline), polygon (closed-spline),
arc, rounded-corner rectangle, and select vertices.
In the select mode, left mouse button selects, moves, stretches,
and reshapes objects (double-click will ``de-select'' all selected
objects in vertex mode). Holding down the shift key and clicking
the left mouse on an object which is not currently selected will
add the object to the list of already selected objects. The same
action applied to an object which is already selected will cause it
to be de-selected. When stretching objects (not reshaping poly-
type objects), holding down the shift key after stretching is
initiated results in proportional stretching being activated
(basically, a scale operation is being performed). Text and rigid
icon objects can not be stretched or scaled. (Rigid icon objects
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are icons that do not have an inherited attribute whose name is
empty and whose value is the string "not_rigid". Rigid icon
objects inside a non-rigid icon object is considered non-rigid.)
Clicking the middle mouse button while the shift key is held down
will activate the teleport (or travel) mechanism. See the section
on TELEPORT for details. The arrow keys can also be used to move
selected objects. However, if no objects are selected, using the
arrow keys will scroll the drawing area by a small amount, and
using the arrow keys when <Control> key is held down will scroll a
screen full.
In the select vertices mode, left mouse button selects and moves
vertices. Only the top-level polyline/open-spline and
polygon/closed-spline objects which are selected when the vertex
mode is activated are eligible for vertex operations. In this
mode, all eligible objects have their vertices highlighted with
squares. When a vertex is selected (using similar mechanism as
selecting objects described above), it is doubly highlighted with a
'+' sign. Operations available to these doubly highlighted
vertices are move, delete, align (with each other), distribute
(space them equally), and align to grid. The arrow keys can also
be used to move selected vertices.
Objects can be locked (through the #< command). Locked object are
shown with gray handles, and they can not be moved, stretched,
flipped, or rotated. When objects are grouped, the resulting
grouped object will also be locked if any one of it's constituents
is locked. Locked objects can have their properties, such as
color, font, pen, etc., changed; furthermore, they can be deleted.
If the current move/stretch mode is of the constrained type
(activated and deactivated by the #@ command), top-level polylines
will have the following behavior. In a move operation, if both
endpoints of a polyline lie inside the objects being moved, then
the whole polyline is moved; otherwise, if only one endpoint falls
inside the objects being moved, then that endpoint is moved. The
vertex that is the neighbor of the moved endpoint may also be moved
either horizontally or vertically. If the last line segment is
horizontal or vertical, then the neighbor vertex may be moved so
that the direction of the last line segment is maintained. In a
stretch (not reshape) operation, if an endpoint of a polyline lies
inside the objects being moved, that endpoint will be moved. The
vertex that is the neighbor of the moved endpoint will also be
moved in the same manner as described above.
When the drawing mode is set to text (a vertical-bar cursor is
shown), clicking the left mouse button causes selected text to go
into edit mode. Clicking the left mouse button while the shift key
is held down highlights sub-strings of the text. In edit mode, key
presses are treated as text strings being inputed, and arrow keys
are used to move the current input position. If a key press is
preceded by an <ESC> key, then the character's bit 7 is turned on.
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This allows non-ASCII characters to be entered. There are some
characters that are supported by X11 but not by PostScript; these
characters are not accepted by tgif.
If the drawing mode is set to draw polygons (not closed-splines)
and if the shift key is held down, the rubber-banded polygon will
be self-closing.
Middle mouse button always generates the main tgif popup menu.
Holding down the shift key and clicking the right mouse button will
change the drawing mode to select. Key presses with the <Control>
or <Meta> key held down (referred to as non-alphanumeric key
presses since they can also generate control characters) are
treated as commands, and their bindings are summarized in the next
section. Users can also define single key commands to emulate the
functions of the non-alphanumeric key commands. The SHORTCUTS
section will describe the details.
Scrollbars
Clicking the left mouse button in the vertical/horizontal scrollbar
causes the canvas window to scroll down/right by a small distance;
clicking the right mouse button has the reverse effect. (The
scrollbars in the popup windows for selecting filenames and domain
names behave similarly.) Clicking with the shift key held down
will scroll a window full. Clicking or dragging the middle button
will cause the page to scroll to the location which corresponds to
the gray area in the scrollbars. (Tgif insists that the left top
corner of the Canvas Window is at a distance that is a nonnegative
multiple of some internal units from the left top corner of the
actual page.)
Rulers
They track the mouse location. Mouse clicks and key presses have
no effect. When the page reduction/magnification is set at 100%,
the markings in the rulers correspond to centimeters when the
metric grid system is used, and they correspond to inches when the
English grid system is used. When the page reduction/magnification
is not set at 100%, the markings do not correspond to the above
mentioned units any more.
Popup Menus
When a menu is poped up by a mouse drag, the menu can be pinned if
it is dragged far enough horizontally (the distance is determined
by the setting of the Tgif*MainMenuPinDistance X default).
Clicking the right mouse button in a pinned menu will cause it to
disappear. Dragging the left mouse button in a pinned menu will
reposition the menu. Clicking the middle mouse button in it will
activate the clicked item.
NON-ALPHANUMERIC KEY BINDINGS
Most operations that can be performed in tgif can be activated through
non-alphanumeric keys (a few operations can only be activated through
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popup menus or shortcut keys). This section summarizes the operations
that can be activated by a key stroke with the <Control> and/or the
<Meta> key held down. ``^'' denotes the <Control> key and ``#'' denotes
the <Meta> key in the following description. (The ``keys.obj'' file,
distributed with tgif, also summarizes the same information, but it is
organized differently.)
^a select all
^b send selected objects to the back
^c change domain
^d duplicate selected objects
^e save/restore drawing mode
^f send selected objects to the front
^g group selected objects (the grouped object will be brought to the
front)
^i instantiate a building-block object
^k pop back to (or return to) a higher level and close the symbol file
(reverse of ^v)
^l align selected objects according to the current alignment settings
^n open a new un-named object file
^o open an object file to edit
^p print the current page (or export in xbm, xpm, eps, or ps formats)
^q quit tgif
^r redraw the page
^s save the current object/symbol file
^t align selected objects to the grid according to the current
alignment
^u ungroup selected objects
^v push into (or edit) the definition part of a building-block (icon)
object
^w change the drawing mode to text
^x delete all selected objects
^y copy selected objects into the cut buffer
^z escape to driver
^, scroll left
^. scroll right
^- print the current page with a specified command
#a attach selected text objects to a selected non-text object as
attributes
#b escape to driver
#c rotate selected objects counter-clockwise
#d decrement the grid size
#e send a token on a selected polyline
#f flash a selected polyline
#g show/un-show grid points
#h flip the selected objects horizontally
#i increment the grid size
#j hide the attribute names of the selected objects
#k change the drawing mode to select
#l distribute selected objects according to the current alignment
#m move/justify an attribute of a selected object
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#n show all the attribute names of the selected objects
#o zoom out
#p import a .obj file into the current file
#q change the drawing mode to polyline/open-spline
#r change the drawing mode to rectangle
#s escape to driver
#t detach all the attributes of the selected objects
#u undo
#v flip the selected objects vertically
#w rotate the selected objects clockwise
#x escape to driver
#y escape to driver
#z zoom in
#9 create a user-specified arc (12 o'clock position is 0 degree)
#0 update the selected objects according to current settings
#, scroll up
#. scroll down
#- show all the attributes of the selected objects
#[ align the left sides of objects
#= align the horizontal centers of objects
#] align the right sides of objects
#{ align the top sides of objects
#+ align the vertical centers of objects
#} align the bottom sides of objects
#" make the selected polygon regular (fit the original bounding box)
#% set the percent print reduction (if < 100%) or magnification (if >
100%)
#: go to default zoom
#` zoom out all the way so that the whole page is visible
#~ saved selected objects in a new file
#; cut and/or magnify a selected bitmap/pixmap object
#_ abut selected objects horizontally
#| abut selected objects vertically
## break up text objects into single character text objects
#^ scroll to the origin set by SaveOrigin()
#@ toggle between constrained and unconstrained move (stretch) modes
#$ change the drawing mode to select vertices
#& align selected objects to the paper according to the current
alignment
#* redo
#( import an encapsulated PostScript file
#) scale selected objects by specifying X and Y scaling factors
#< lock the selected objects (can't be moved, stretched, flipped, or
rotated)
#> unlock the selected objects
^#a add points to the selected poly or spline
^#b change the text style to bold
^#c change to center justified text
^#d delete points from the selected poly or spline
^#e change the drawing mode to rounded-corner rectangles
^#f reverse-video the selected bitmap objects
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^#g toggle snapping to the grid points
^#h hide all attributes of the selected objects
^#i make the selected object iconic
^#j make the selected icon object a grouped object
^#k select color or black-and-white output
^#l change to left justified text
^#m make the selected object symbolic
^#n make the selected symbol object a grouped object
^#o change the text style to roman
^#p change the text style to bold-italic
^#q change the drawing mode to polygon/closed-spline
^#r change to right justified text
^#s save the file under a new name
^#t change the text style to italic
^#u update iconic representations of selected objects
^#v change the drawing mode to oval
^#w toggle between poly and spline
^#x cycle among the various output file formats
^#y paste from the cut buffer
^#z change the drawing mode to arcs
^#. import an X11 bitmap file
^#, import an X11 pixmap file
^#- toggle between English and Metric grid systems
SHORTCUTS
The user can define single character shortcut keys to emulate the
function of the non-alphanumeric key presses to activate commands. This
is done through the use of the Tgif*ShortCuts X default. (Please note
that these shortcut keys are only active when the drawing mode is not set
to the text mode.) The Tgif*ShortCuts consists of a list of items, each
of which specifies the bindings between a key (may be case sensitive) and
a command. The items are separated by blanks, and each item is
interpreted as follows. It consists of two parts, KEY and COMMAND, which
are concatenated together with a ':' character. The format of the KEY
part is one of :<Key>x, !<Key>x, or <Key>x (here the character 'x' is
used as an example; furthermore, the substring <Key> must be spelled
exactly the way it appears here). The first 2 formats are equivalent,
they specify the lower case x; the 3rd format specifies both the
characters 'x' and 'X'. The COMMAND part is a string that matches
strings in tgif's popup menus (exceptions are noted below). This is
illustrated by the following example. In the Edit menu, two of the
entries are,
"Delete ^x"
"SelectAll ^a"
which means that <Control>x activates and Delete() command, and
<Control>a activates the SelectAll() command. Therefore, both Delete()
and SelectAll() are valid names for the COMMAND part of a shortcut
specification. To complete the example, the following line can be used
to bind the lower case 'x' to Delete() and 'a' or 'A' to SelectAll():
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Tgif*ShortCuts: !<Key>x:Delete() \n\
<Key>a:SelectAll()
For more examples, please see the sample X defaults file, tgif.Xdefaults,
included in the tgif distribution.
Here is a list of exceptions where the COMMAND does not match a command
name in a menu entry. The left entry is a proper COMMAND name, and the
right is a list of strings that's shown in popup menus which the COMMAND
would correspond to.
CyclePrintFormat() Printer, LaTeXFig, RawPSFile, XBitmap
ToggleBW/ColorPS() BlkWhtPS, ColorPS
ToggleGridSystem() EnglishGrid, MetricGrid
ToggleMapShown() ShowBit/Pixmap, HideBit/Pixmap
ToggleUseGrayScale() UseGrayScale, NoGrayScale
ToggleMoveMode() ConstMove, UnConstMove
ToggleLineType() (toggles between straight and curved shapes)
ScrollPageUp() (scroll up a window full)
ScrollPageDown() (scroll down a window full)
ScrollPageLeft() (scroll left a window full)
ScrollPageRight() (scroll right a window full)
In addition to the above list, the following are also valid COMMAND names
(having the obvious meaning): ScrollLeft(), ScrollRight(), ScrollUp(),
ScrollDown(), SelectMode(), DrawText(), DrawBox(), DrawOval(),
DrawPoly(), DrawPolygon(), DrawRCBox(), DrawArc(), and
SelectVertexMode().
ATTRIBUTES
Attributes are text strings of the form name=value or value which are
attached to any non-text objects. Attributes can be attached and
detached from these objects except in the following case:
Attributes appearing in the symbol object in a building-block
object file can not be detached when the building-block object is
instantiated. These attributes are considered to be the
``inherited'' attributes of the icon object. (If it is really
necessary to detach inherited attributes of an icon object, the
icon object can be ``de-iconified'' by using UnMakeIconic() in the
SpecialMenu to make it a grouped object; then the attributes can be
detached.)
The user has control over which part of an attribute is displayed. An
entire attribute can be made invisible, or only its name can be made
invisible (accomplished through the commands under the special menu, such
as #m, #n, #j, #-, and ^#h).
TELEPORT
Tgif provides the mechanism to travel between .obj files. If the middle
mouse button is clicked on an object with the shift key held down, tgif
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looks for an attribute named warp_to (by default) of that object. If
such an attribute is found, the value part of the attribute is
interpreted as the name of a .obj file to travel to. If the current file
is modified, the user is prompted to save the file before traveling to
the next file. If there are multiple warp_to attributes on the object,
but are in different colors, tgif will use the one that has the same
color as the color appearing in the Choice Window. If the value part of
the warp_to attribute starts with the '/' character, the value is treated
as an absolute file name; otherwise, it is treated as a relative file
name.
LOCKING OBJECTS
Objects can be locked and unlocked using #< and #> keyboard commands.
When a selected object is locked, it is shown with gray handles. A
locked object can be moved, stretched, flipped, or rotated; however, its
properties, such as fill pattern, width, etc., can be changed. Locked
objects can also be deleted. When a locked object is grouped with other
objects, the resulting grouped object is also locked. A locked object
can be used as an anchor to align other objects; however,
DistributeObjs() command will fail if any objects are locked. Locked
objects do not participate in any operations in the select vertex mode.
UNDO/REDO
Most operations can be undone and redone. The Tgif*HistoryDepth X
default controls the size of the undo buffer. If it is set to -1, then
the undo buffer's size is infinite. The undo buffer is flushed when the
New() or Open() commands are executed (from the FileMenu), when the
FlushUndoBuffer() command is executed from the EditMenu, or when Pop() is
executed from a .sym file.
DOMAINS
A domain is a collection of library symbols suitable for instantiations.
A library is implemented as a directory of .sym files, and therefore, a
domain is implemented as a search path. If there are symbols with the
same file name which reside in different directories specified in the
search path, then the one closer to the front of the search path will be
made available for the user to instantiate.
The number of domains is specified by the MaxDomains X default, and the
names of the domains are specified by the Domain# X default. The library
search paths are specified by csh environment variables. See the section
on X DEFAULTS and ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for more details.
SELECTING A NAME FROM A POPUP
When selecting a file name, a symbol name, or a domain name, tgif pops up
a window with appropriate names for the user to choose from. The user
can use mouse clicks to select an entry. Key strokes can also be used to
specify the desired name; however, tgif attempts to match the key strokes
with names in the selection on the fly. If a match can not be found, the
key strokes are ignored. ^n, ^j, or the DownArrow key advances the
selection down by 1 entry; ^p, ^k, or the UpArrow key advances the
selection up by 1 entry. ^f, ^d, or the DownArrow key with <Control> key
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held down advances the selection down by 10 entries; ^b, ^u, or the
UpArrow key with <Control> key held down advances the selection up by 10
entries. '$' will select the last entry, while '^' will select the first
entry. ^w or ^y un-select the selected entry. If the selected entry is
a directory, hitting <CR> will change directory; if not, hitting <CR>
finishes the selection process and the selected entry is returned.
In selecting file names to open or import, typing '/' is interpreted as
going to the root directory. At this point, the automatic matching of
key strokes is temporarily disabled until either a <TAB> or a <CR> is
pressed.
The current selection is displayed near the top of the popup window.
Back-space should be used with caution because it might change the
current directory to the parent directory.
IMPORTING EPS FILES
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files can be imported using the #( keyboard
command. If the EPS file has a preview bitmap (can be generated using
the pstoepsi tool), tgif will display it (HideBit/Pixmap from the
LayoutMenu can be used to disable the displaying of bitmap/pixmaps).
When the EPS object is saved in a .obj or .sym file, neither the preview
bitmap, nor the PostScript content of the EPS file is saved. Therefore,
when printing such a file (either from tgif or using prtgif), the EPS
file must be present at the same place from which it was originally
imported.
HOW TO MAKE A BUILDING-BLOCK OBJECT
Here are the steps for defining a building-block object, to be used in a
hierarchical design.
1) Draw the representation part of the building-block object. Group
everything together. Select this grouped object.
2) Popup the main menu with the right mouse button; select
``Special''. Select ``MakeSymbolic'' from the next popup menu.
The selected object becomes a symbol and gets a dashed boundary.
3) Type in attributes as individual text strings. Select the symbol
object and all the text strings to be attached to the symbol. Type
#a (for Attach) to attach attributes to the symbol.
4) (This step is optional.) Build the definition part of the
building-block object. Look at the ``flip-flop.sym'' file for an
example. To look at that file, first, instantiate a ``flip-flop''
by typing ^i (for Instantiate). Select the flip-flop from the
popup window; place the flip-flop; select the flip-flop and type ^v
(for Push) to see the symbol file.
5) Save and name the file. If the current library path contains the
current directory (or '.'), the symbol just built should be
instantiatable by typing ^i.
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TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
X11 PIXMAP (XPM) FORMATS
Tgif can only import X11 pixmaps that satisfy the constraints described
here. The format of the X11 pixmap must be either 1 (XPM1) or 3 (XPM3).
Only a subset of the XPM3 format is supported, namely, the key field for
the color specification must be 'c' (for color visuals). Tools that
generate XPM1 format files are (they might have been upgraded to support
XPM3), pbmplus, which is a set of bitmap and pixmap conversion freeware
(together with xv, the colors for pixmap objects can be manipulated), and
xgrabsc, another freeware; also, xloadimage can display XPM1 files.
Tools that can generate XPM3 format files are, for example, xsnap and
sxpm. For each color specified in the color string, a color cell is
allocated. If the allocation fails, the current color will be used for
that color string. If the first color character is a back-quote (`) or a
space, then the corresponding color is substituted with the background
color of the tgif window if the Tgif*GuessXPmBgColor X default is set to
``true''. (This design choice is made because the pixmap will then look
``right'' on both regular and reverse video.) The following is an
example of a very small pixmap file (in XPM1 format).
#define arrow_format 1
#define arrow_width 5
#define arrow_height 3
#define arrow_ncolors 3
#define arrow_chars_per_pixel 1
static char *arrow_colors[] = {
"`", "Black",
"a", "red",
"b", "yellow"
};
static char *arrow_pixels[] = {
"`a```",
"aabbb",
"`a```"
};
LATEX FIGURE FORMATS
Here we show how to make a figure for a LaTeX file, first with the \psfig
(or \epsf) special construct, then with the psfile special construct.
(The author does not recommend the psfile construct.) An example of both
can be found in ``example.tex'' which is included with the tgif
distribution.
To print a tgif file to be included in a LaTeX document with the \psfig
or \epsf special construct (files generated will be in the encapsulated
PostScript format), first select LaTeX format in the panel window (click
the left mouse button on the laser printer icon), then type ^p to
generate the encapsulated PostScript file. If the file name is ``an-sr-
flip-flop.obj'', then the LaTeX figure file generated will be named
``an-sr-flip-flop.eps''. This file can be included in a LaTeX document
as follows,
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\input{psfig}
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\centerline{\psfig{figure=an-sr-flip-flop.eps}}
\caption{An SR flip-flop. \label{fig:an-sr-flip-flop}}
\end{figure*}
An alternative way is to use the \epsf construct as follows,
\input{epsf}
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\centerline{\epsffile{an-sr-flip-flop.eps}}
\caption{An SR flip-flop. \label{fig:an-sr-flip-flop}}
\end{figure*}
The \centerline command above centers the picture. If you have multiple
tgif figures in your LaTeX document, you only have to include the psfig
macro (\input{psfig} or \input{epsf}) once, right after the
\begin{document} statement.
If encapsulated PostScript is not available, the psfile special construct
can be used as described here. In this case, since LaTeX doesn't not
know where the bounding box of the drawing is, it takes some practice to
get this just right. Here is something that seems to work. First,
center the picture on the page (e.g., the width of a portrait style page
is 8.5 inch, so the center of the page is at the 4.25 inch mark), and
make the top object in the picture about 1/4 inch away from the top of
the page. Select the LaTeX format in the panel window, then print in the
LaTeX format. As with the psfig construct, a file with the .eps
extension will be generated. This file can be included in a LaTeX
document as follows,
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\special{psfile="an-sr-flip-flop.eps" hoffset=-40}
\rule{0in}{1.1in}
\caption{An SR flip-flop. \label{fig:an-sr-flip-flop}}
\end{figure*}
The \rule{0in}{1.1in} above specifies an invisible box of 1.1 inches
high, which is the total height of the picture in an-sr-flip-flop.
X DEFAULTS
Tgif*Geometry: WIDTHxHEIGHT+X+Y
Tgif*IconGeometry: +X+Y
Tgif*Foreground: COLORSTRING
Tgif*Background: COLORSTRING
Tgif*BorderColor: COLORSTRING
If not specified, the foreground color will be used.
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TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
Tgif*ReverseVideo: [on,off]
For black and white terminal, reverse video ``on'' means the
background is black. For color terminal, reverse video ``on''
means the background is specified by the Tgif*Foreground color.
Tgif*InitialFont: [Times,Courier,Helvetica,NewCentury,Symbol]
This specifies the initial font. The default is Courier.
Tgif*InitialFontStyle: [Roman,Bold,Italic,BoldItalic]
This specifies the initial font style. The default is Roman.
Tgif*InitialFontJust: [Left,Center,Right]
This specifies the initial font justification. The default is
Left.
Tgif*InitialFontDPI: [75,100]
This specifies the initial font DPI (dots-per-inch). The default
is 75.
Tgif*InitialFontSizeIndex: [0,1,2,3,4,5]
This specifies the initial size index of the start-up font. For
the 75dpi font, the indices correspond to point sizes 8, 10, 12,
14, 18, and 24. For the 100dpi font, the indices correspond to
point sizes 11, 14, 17, 20, 25, 34. The default is 4 (18 points)
for the 75dpi font and 2 (17 points) for the 100dpi font.
Tgif*MsgFontSizeIndex: [0,1,2,3,4,5]
This specifies the size index of the font used for messages and
popup windows. The meaning of the indices is the same as for
Tgif*InitialFontSizeIndex. The default is 4 (18 points) for the
75dpi font and 2 (17 points) for the 100dpi font.
Tgif*DefaultCursor: [x_cursor,arrow,...]
This specifies the select cursor. Entries in <X11/cursorfont.h>
(without the XC_ prefix) are valid names of the cursor. The
default is arrow.
Tgif*DrawCursor: [x_cursor,arrow,...]
This specifies the cursor used when drawing objects. Entries in
<X11/cursorfont.h> (without the XC_ prefix) are valid names of the
cursor. The default is the same as Tgif*DefaultCursor.
Tgif*DragCursor: [x_cursor,arrow,...]
This specifies the cursor used when dragging. Entries in
<X11/cursorfont.h> (without the XC_ prefix) are valid names of the
cursor. The default is hand2.
Tgif*VertexCursor: [x_cursor,arrow,...]
This specifies the cursor used in the select vertices mode.
Entries in <X11/cursorfont.h> (without the XC_ prefix) are valid
names of the cursor. The default is plus.
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Tgif*RubberBandColor: COLORSTRING
This specifies color used for rubber-banding (XORing). The default
color is the same as the foreground color.
Tgif*PrintCommand: COMMAND
This specifies the print command used for printing the PostScript
file. The default is lpr. An example would be lpr -h
-Pprintername.
Tgif*WhereToPrint: [Printer,EPS,PS,Bitmap]
This specifies the initial print destination/format. The default
is EPS.
Tgif*PrintDirectory: PATH
This specifies the print directory when the output destination is
not the printer. The default is a null string, which means that
the output goes into the directory in which the current file
resides.
Tgif*NoTgifIcon: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', tgif will not use its own icon window. The
default is false.
Tgif*DontShowVersion: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the tgif version will not be displayed on top
of the tgif window. The default is false.
Tgif*XBmReverseVideo: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', an invert bitmap operation will be performed
when importing an X Bitmap file. The default is false.
Tgif*AskForXBmSpec: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the user will be asked to specify magnification
and geometry for an X Bitmap file being imported. Format of the
specification is MAG=WxH+X+Y, where MAG is the magnification, W and
H specifies the width and height, and the location specification
can be +X+Y, +X-Y, -X+Y, and -X-Y. The '=' is mandatory if any of
the geometry information is specified. The default is false.
Tgif*AskForXPmSpec: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the user will be asked to specify magnification
and geometry for an X Pixmap file being imported. The format of
the specification is the same as for AskForXBmSpec. The default is
false.
Tgif*StripEPSComments: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', lines that start with '%' in an encapsulated
PostScript file will be stripped when the file is imported (except
the first line of the file). The default is true.
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TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
Tgif*GuessXPmBgColor: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', then when tgif imports an X Pixmap file with
the first color string being ' ' (the space character) or '`' (the
back quote character), it will treat the first color as a
background color. This means that the specified color in the X
Pixmap file will be changed to the current background color. The
default is false. (Please note that this default was true before
patch 2 of tgif-2.7. This X default is there for compatibility
reasons; it should be considered obsolete.)
Tgif*XPmOutputVersion: NUMBER
This specifies the XPM version number when outputting in the X11
pixmap format. NUMBER can take on values 1 or 3. The default is
1.
Tgif*XPmInXGrabSCFormat: [true,false]
If Tgif*XpmOutputVersion is set to 1, setting this to ``true'' will
force the X11 pixmap output to resemble what xgrabsc generates.
The default is false.
Tgif*UseGrayScale: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', gray scales will be used for tiling patterns to
speed up printing. The default is false.
Tgif*AutoPanInEditText: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', auto panning will be used such that the text
cursor is always visible in text edit mode (except when the cursor
is to the left or on top of the paper). This should probably be
turned off on slow servers. The default is true.
Tgif*PercentPrintReduction: NUMBER
The specifies the initial percent print reduction/magnification.
The default is 100.
Tgif*ConstrainedMove: [true,false]
This specifies the initial move mode. When set to ``true'', moving
or stretching an object will cause the endpoints of all polylines
or open-splines, whose endpoints fall within the object, and may be
the neighboring vertices, to be moved. Please see the
IDIOSYNCRASIES section for more details. The default value is
false.
Tgif*DoubleQuoteDoubleQuote: [true,false]
When set to ``true'', output of the double-quote character will be
preceded by a double-quote character; when set to false, output of
the double-quote character will be preceded by a back-slash
character. The default value is false.
Tgif*GridSystem: [English,Metric]
This sets the initial grid system. The default is English.
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Tgif*InitialGrid: NUMBER
This specifies the initial grid size. For the English grid system,
NUMBER can be -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2 for grid sizes of 1/32, 1/16,
1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 inch. For the Metric grid system, NUMBER can be
-1, 0, +1, or +2 for grid sizes of 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, and 1cm. The
default value is 0.
Tgif*DropObsIconAttrWhenUpdate: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', obsolete icon attributes will be dropped
without confirmation when the UpdateSymbols command is executed.
If set to ``false'', a popup window will prompt the user to specify
what to do with the obsoleted icon attributes. The default is
false.
Tgif*UseRecentDupDistance: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the most recent change in position produced by
a combination of a duplicate and a move command will be used for
the new duplicate command. Otherwise, some default distance will
be used to position the duplicate. The default is true.
Tgif*SplineTolerance: NUMBER
This specifies the tolerance of spline drawing. The smaller the
number, the smoother the spline. The default is 9 (min is 3 and
max is 13).
Tgif*SplineRubberband: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', spline rubberbands will be used in drawing,
moving, and stretching open and closed splines. (This might not be
desirable if the spline contains too many vertices.) The default
is true.
Tgif*Synchronize: [on,off]
XSynchronize is called if this default is set to ``on''. The
default is off.
Tgif*DoubleClickUnIconify: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', double mouse clicks are used to de-iconify the
icon window (in this mode, the icon window ignores single mouse
clicks and drags). The default is false.
Tgif*MainMenuPinDistance: NUMBER
This specifies the horizontal distance (in pixels) the user needs
to drag a popup menu before the popup menu is to be pinned down.
The default is 80. (If pinned popup menus are not desired, then
this should be set to a value greater than the screen width.)
Dragging the left mouse button can be used to move the pinned popup
menu; clicking the right button in the popup menu will remove it.
Tgif*DoubleClickInterval: NUMBER
This specifies the maximum interval (in milliseconds) between two
mouse clicked to be recognized as one double-click. The default is
300.
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TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
Tgif*HandleSize: NUMBER
This specifies (half) the size of the handle used to highlight
objects. Its allowable value is between 2 and 6. The default is
2.
Tgif*HistoryDepth: NUMBER
This specifies the size of the undo/redo buffer; negative values
mean that the buffer is unbounded. The default is -1.
Tgif*SaveTmpOnReturn: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', a tmpmodel file will be saved automatically
before returning to the driver. Otherwise, no files will be saved
automatically. The default is true.
Tgif*ImportFromLibrary: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the library directories specified by the
current domain are searched for .obj, xbitmap/xpixmap, and EPS
files to import. Otherwise, the current directory will be used as
the starting point. The default is false.
Tgif*WarpToWinCenter: [true,false]
If set to ``true'', the pointer is warped to the center of popup
windows. Otherwise, the pointer is not warped. The default is
true.
Tgif*MaxColors: NUMBER
This specifies the maximum number of colors. Color0 through
ColorMax, where Max is NUMBER-1, must all exist in X defaults.
Tgif*Color#: COLORSTRING
This specifies the correspondence between a color number and a
color.
Tgif*DefaultColorIndex: NUMBER
This specifies the default color index if a certain color can not
be found. The default is 0.
Tgif*ShortCuts: ITEM1 ITEM2 ...
The ITEM specifies the correspondence between a key (may be case
sensitive) and a non-alphanumeric key command. Please read the
SHORTCUTS section for details.
Tgif*MaxLineWidths: NUMBER
This specifies the maximum number of line widths. LineWidth0
through LineWidthMax, ArrowWidth0 through ArrowWidthMax, and
ArrowHeight0 through ArrowHeightMax, where Max is NUMBER-1, all
must exist in X defaults. Some default values will be used for
those that are not specified in the X defaults. The default is 7.
Tgif*DefaultLineWidth: NUMBER
This specifies the initial line width index. The default is 0.
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Tgif*LineWidth#: NUMBER
This specifies a line width. The default line widths are 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, and 7.
Tgif*ArrowWidth#: NUMBER
This specifies the width (when the arrow is pointing horizontally)
of the arrow head for arc and open-spline objects. The default
arrow widths are 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, and 22.
Tgif*ArrowHeight#: NUMBER
This specifies half the height (when the arrow is also pointing
horizontally) of the arrow head for arc and open-spline objects.
The default arrow heights are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Tgif*MaxDomains: NUMBER
This specifies the maximum number of domains. Domain0 through
DomainMax, where Max is NUMBER-1, all must exist in X defaults.
Tgif*Domain#: DOMAINSTRING
This specifies the correspondence between a domain number and a
domain name. See the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE section to see how to
specify a path associated with a domain.
Tgif*DefaultDomain: NUMBER
This specifies the default domain when tgif starts up. The default
is 0.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE
TGIFPATH
This environment variable should be set such that the files,
mentioned in the FILES section below, can be found.
TGIFICON
This environment variable should be set to the name of the object
file to be displayed when tgif is iconified. By default, it is set
to ``tgificon''. If it starts with a / character, absolute path is
used; otherwise, the icon file is assumed to be
$TGIFPATH/$TGIFICON.
TGIF_[Domain]
For each Domain name defined in the X defaults, TGIF_Domain
specifies a search path for the symbol files. Each search path
should have the same format as the PATH csh environment variable.
(There is one exception. If the Domain name is Examples, then the
environment variable TGIF_Examples does not have to be set. In
this case, the compile flag TGIF_PATH will be used to take on the
value of TGIF_Examples.) For example, to specify the symbol path
for domain DEFAULT to look for symbol files in the library
directory /tmp/tgif/symbols, the following csh command should be
executed in the current directory.
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TGIF(1) Tgif(Version 2.12-p5 and Above) TGIF(1)
setenv TGIF_DEFAULT /tmp/tgif/symbols:.
FILES
$TGIFPATH/tgificon.obj contains the default tgif icon.
$TGIFPATH/keys.obj contains a summary of the non-alphanumeric key
bindings.
PROLOG/C TESTDRIVE
In the tgif distribution, there are three Prolog files which illustrate a
simple Prolog driver. tgif.pl contains predicates for parsing tgif files
(both .obj and .sym). frontend.pl contains predicates for talking to
Prolog engines, such as that of Quintus and SISCtus, through the foreign
function interface. To use frontend.pl, frontend11.o needs to be built
(which requires the frontend11.o entry to be uncommented from the
makefiles). Finally, testdrive.pl contains a program which will print
out the ID files of all objects in the current drawing, if tgif is
escaped with the Solve() (or #s) command. This is also a good way of
finding out the structure of a tgif file (especially because the
structure is not documented due to the complexity introduced to keep tgif
compatible with files created by older versions).
A very simple C driver, testdrive.c, is also provided with the tgif
distribution which perform the same function as the Prolog driver. The
extra code present in this file (and not present in tgif.c) is used to
illustrate how the in-memory objects and attributes can be traversed.
SEE ALSO
latex(1L), lpr(1), env(1), X(1), dvips(1), csh(1), pbmplus(1), bitmap(1),
XPM(1), xgrabsc(1), xloadimage(1), xsnap(1), sxpm(1), xv(1), pstoepsi(1)
IDIOSYNCRASIES
When any of the ``escape to driver'' commands are (accidentally)
executed, the current content of the drawing is saved into
``tmpmodel.obj'' if the drawing indicates that it is a .obj file; then
tgif escapes to the driver and returns right away. If the drawing
indicates that it is a .sym file, then the content is saved into
``tmpmodel.sym'', but tgif does not return to the driver.
The paste operation works on a cut buffer generated by tgif or by non-
tgif tools (such as xterm). If the cut buffer is not generated by tgif,
its content is treated as a collection of ASCII character strings, which
is inserted into the current drawing as a text object (current settings
for text objects are used to create the text object). If the cut buffer
is generated by tgif, then all the current settings are ignored.
The font sizes are the screen font sizes (which correspond to the X fonts
that are used to draw the text on the screen). They appear smaller on
the printout. When a 24 point text is printed, it would correspond to
about a 13.5 point PostScript text. This is because tgif treats 128
pixels as an inch, and PostScript treats 72 points as an inch.
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Because characters supported by X11 and PostScript are different, not all
the characters, especially in the range 128 to 255 (or \200 to \377),
which are supported by X11, but are not accepted by tgif. Furthermore,
in order to print the supported subset or these characters, character
codes must be re-encoded. Therefore, if one would like to hack tgif to
support other personalized fonts, one should be careful about the re-
encoding mechanism.
The grids are not absolute; they are specified as screen pixels, and they
scale with the current zoom. For example, if the grid is set at 16
pixels at maximum zoom, and if the user zooms out once, objects can be
drawn, moved, or stretched at 16 screen pixel increments, but this
corresponds to 32 pixels in the real coordinate system.
If the vertical text spacing is set to negative values, highlighted text
will look a little strange due to XOR operations. If the vertical text
spacing is set to be greater than 100 or less than -100, the panel window
will not be cleared properly; to clear the panel window, the user may
have to close the tgif window and then open it again.
As described in the TGIF SUBWINDOWS section, in constrained move mode, if
both endpoints of a not-selected polyline lie inside the object being
moved, then the whole polyline is moved. This may look strange sometimes
because, for example, if you start with a line segment pointing to an
object, just moving the object will caused the line segment to be
``stretched''; however, if you eventually move the object so that the
other endpoint is also inside the object, any future movement of the
object will cause the whole line segment to move (instead of just moving
the original endpoint). The moving of the vertex which is the neighbor
of a moved endpoint may also look strange at times. At this point, one
should switch to the unconstrained move mode.
Another idiosyncrasy with respect to the constrained move is that right
after duplicating an object, the constrained move is disabled temporarily
because it is assumed that at this point the user would want to move the
new object to a desirable position, and only after this new object is
``settled down'', the constrained move will be re-enabled. Settling down
is signified by doing something other than moving the new object.
Locked objects can be deleted.
BUGS
There seems to be a problem with printing Courier fonts with a non-solid
pen on the Apple LaserWriter. (Printing single character does seem to
work fine.) As pointed out by the PostScript reference manual, Courier
is a ``stroked font'', and it is usually ``difficult'' to construct
character paths for such types of fonts. However, Courier fonts work
fine with ghostscript and dxpsview. It's not clear how this problem can
be fixed. The author recommends avoiding Courier fonts when printing in
color if a non-solid pen is desired.
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Arcs with arrow tips don't look very sharp (the tip is not pointed as in
open-splines with arrow tips).
At high magnifications, stretching arcs may cause anomalous behavior due
to round off errors.
Copying/pasting large objects might not work because tgif does not use
the ``selection'' mechanism (yet).
If and when tgif crashes, it will try to save the current content of the
drawing in a file called ``EmergencySave.obj'' (or ``EmergencySave.sym''
if the current drawing specifies a symbol object). Often, the drawing
can be restored by loading the ``EmergencySave.obj'' file. Nevertheless,
if the cause of the crash is that some objects are corrupted (due to
programming bugs), then the ``EmergencySave.obj'' file may also be
corrupted.
COPYRIGHT
Please see the ``Copyright'' file for details on the copyrights.
PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
AUTHOR
William Chia-Wei Cheng (william@cs.UCLA.edu)
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