intro(1)                         UNIX System V                         intro(1)


NAME
      intro - introduction to commands and application programs

DESCRIPTION
      This section describes, in alphabetical order, commands available for the
      AT&T 386 Computer.  Certain distinctions of purpose are made in the
      headings.

      The following Utility packages are delivered with the computer:

        AT&T Windowing Utilities
        Basic Networking Utilities
        Cartridge Tape Controller Utilities
        Directory and File Management Utilities
        Editing Utilities
        Essential Utilities
        Framed Access Command Environment Utilities
        Inter-process Communications Utilities
        Job Accounting Utilities
        Line Printer Spooling Utilities
        Security Administration Utilities
        Spell Utilities
        System Performance Analysis Utilities
        Terminal Information Utilities
        Transmission Control Protocol
        User Environment Utilities

      The following Utility Packages are available for purchase:

        Networking Support Utilities
        Remote File Sharing Utilities

   Manual Page Command Syntax
      Unless otherwise noted, commands described in the SYNOPSIS section of a
      manual page accept options and other arguments according to the following
      syntax and should be interpreted as explained below.

      name [-option...]  [cmdarg...]
      where:

      [ ]          Surround an option or cmdarg that is not required.

      ...          Indicates multiple occurrences of the option or cmdarg.

      name         The name of an executable file.

      option       (Always preceded by a ``-''.)
                   noargletter...  or,
                   argletter optarg[,...]





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      noargletter  A single letter representing an option without an option-
                   argument.  Note that more than one noargletter option can be
                   grouped after one ``-'' (Rule 5, below).

      argletter    A single letter representing an option requiring an option-
                   argument.

      optarg       An option-argument (character string) satisfying a preceding
                   argletter.  Note that groups of optargs following an
                   argletter must be separated by commas, or separated by white
                   space and quoted (Rule 8, below).

      cmdarg       Path name (or other command argument) not beginning with
                   ``-'', or ``-'' by itself indicating the standard input.

   Command Syntax Standard:  Rules
      These command syntax rules are not followed by all current commands, but
      all new commands will obey them.  getopts(1) should be used by all shell
      procedures to parse positional parameters and to check for legal options.
      It supports Rules 3-10 below.  The enforcement of the other rules must be
      done by the command itself.

            1.   Command names (name above) must be between two and nine
                 characters long.

            2.   Command names must include only lower-case letters and digits.

            3.   Option names (option above) must be one character long.

            4.   All options must be preceded by ``-''.

            5.   Options with no arguments may be grouped after a single ``-''.

            6.   The first option-argument (optarg above) following an option
                 must be preceded by white space.

            7.   Option-arguments cannot be optional.

            8.   Groups of option-arguments following an option must either be
                 separated by commas or separated by white space and quoted
                 (e.g., -o xxx,z,yy or  -o "xxx z yy").

            9.   All options must precede operands (cmdarg above) on the
                 command line.

            10.  ``--'' may be used to indicate the end of the options.

            11.  The order of the options relative to one another should not
                 matter.





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            12.  The relative order of the operands (cmdarg above) may affect
                 their significance in ways determined by the command with
                 which they appear.

            13.  ``-'' preceded and followed by white space should only be used
                 to mean standard input.

SEE ALSO
      getopts(1).
      exit(2), wait(2), getopt(3C) in the Programmer's Reference Manual.
      How to Get Started, at the front of this document.

DIAGNOSTICS
      Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied
      by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of
      ``normal'' termination) one supplied by the program [see wait(2) and
      exit(2)].  The former byte is 0 for normal termination; the latter is
      customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to indicate troubles
      such as erroneous parameters, or bad or inaccessible data.  It is called
      variously ``exit code'', ``exit status'', or ``return code'', and is
      described only where special conventions are involved.

WARNINGS
      Some commands produce unexpected results when processing files containing
      null characters.  These commands often treat text input lines as strings
      and therefore become confused upon encountering a null character (the
      string terminator) within a line.



























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