intro(1)                       DG/UX R4.11MU05                      intro(1)


NAME
       intro - introduction to programming commands

DESCRIPTION
       This section describes the programming commands in alphabetical
       order.  Unless otherwise noted, the commands accept options and other
       arguments according to the following syntax:

       name [option(s)] [cmdarg(s)]

       where:

       name         is the name of an executable file.

       option       is -noargletter(s) or -argletter <> optarg, where:
                    noargletter is a single letter representing an option
                    without an option argument;
                    argletter is a single letter representing an option
                    requiring an option argument;
                    <> is optional white space;
                    optarg is an option argument (character string)
                    satisfying the preceding argletter.

       cmdarg       is ``-'' by itself, which indicates the standard input,
                    or a path name (or other command argument) not beginning
                    with ``-''.

       Throughout the manual pages there are references to TMPDIR, BINDIR,
       INCDIR, and LIBDIR.  These represent directory names whose value is
       specified on each manual page as necessary.  For example, TMPDIR
       might refer to /var/tmp.  These are not environment variables and
       cannot be set.  [There is an environment variable called TMPDIR which
       can be set.  See tmpnam(3S).]  There are also references to LIBPATH,
       the default search path of the link editor and other tools.

SEE ALSO
       exit(2), wait(2), getopt(3C).
       getopts(1).

DIAGNOSTICS
       Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one
       supplied by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in
       the case of ``normal'' termination) one supplied by the program [see
       wait(2) and exit(2)].  The former byte is 0 for normal termination;
       the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to
       indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, or bad or
       inaccessible data.  It is called variously ``exit code,'' ``exit
       status,'' or ``return code,'' and is described only where special
       conventions are involved.

WARNINGS
       Some commands produce unexpected results when processing files
       containing null characters.  These commands often treat text input
       lines as strings and therefore become confused upon encountering a
       null character (the string terminator) within a line.


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