VirtualBindings(3X) X11 SDE 5.4R3.00 VirtualBindings(3X)
NAME
VirtualBindings--Bindings for virtual mouse and key events
DESCRIPTION
The 1/Motif manual pages describe translations in terms of virtual
bindings, based on those described in the OSF/Motif Style Guide.
Mouse events are described in terms of virtual buttons, and key
events are described in terms of virtual keys. The term virtual
implies that the events as described do not necessarily correspond to
a fixed set of X Window System events. Instead, virtual buttons and
keys are linked to actual events by means of virtual bindings.
Virtual Modifiers
Both virtual buttons and virtual keys may contain virtual modifiers.
Each virtual modifier corresponds to one or more actual modifiers.
The following table lists the bindings of virtual modifiers to actual
modifiers in 1/Motif:
Virtual Modifier Bindings
Virtual Modifier Actual Modifiers
------------------------------------
MAlt Mod1
MCopy Ctrl
MCtrl Ctrl
MLink Ctrl Shift
MMove Shift
MShift Shift
Mod1 refers to the first modifier key. 1/Motif requires that it
correspond to either Alt or Meta.
The virtual modifier MAny indicates that any modifier can be used.
If MAny is not specified and the user presses an actual modifier that
is not explicitly included in a translation, that modifier may
prevent the translation from being matched.
Virtual Buttons
Each virtual button corresponds to one or more actual button event
descriptions. Each button event description contains a button name
and possibly modifiers. These button event descriptions,
appropriately ordered and possibly further modified, are used in
translation tables. The following table lists the bindings of
virtual buttons to actual button event descriptions in 1/Motif:
Virtual Button Bindings
Virtual Button Actual Button Events
--------------------------------------
BCustom <Btn3>
BDrag <Btn2>
BExtend Shift<Btn1>
BMenu <Btn3>
BSelect <Btn1>
BToggle Ctrl<Btn1>
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Virtual Keys
Each virtual key corresponds to one or more actual key event
descriptions. Each key event description contains a keysym name and
possibly modifiers. These key event descriptions, appropriately
ordered and possibly further modified, are used in translation
tables. The following table lists the bindings of virtual keys to
actual key event descriptions in 1/Motif:
Virtual Key Bindings
-------------------------------------
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
-------------------------------------
KActivate <Key>Return
Ctrl<Key>Return
<Key>osfActivate
-------------------------------------
KAddMode <Key>osfAddMode
-------------------------------------
KBackSpace <Key>osfBackSpace
-------------------------------------
KBackTab Shift<Key>Tab
-------------------------------------
KBeginData Ctrl<Key>osfBeginLine
-------------------------------------
KBeginLine <Key>osfBeginLine
-------------------------------------
KCancel <Key>osfCancel
-------------------------------------
KClear <Key>osfClear
-------------------------------------
KCopy <Key>osfCopy
Ctrl<Key>osfInsert
-------------------------------------
KCut <Key>osfCut
Shift<Key>osfDelete
-------------------------------------
KDelete <Key>osfDelete
-------------------------------------
KDeselectAll Ctrl<Key>backslash
-------------------------------------
KDown <Key>osfDown
-------------------------------------
KEndData Ctrl<Key>osfEndLine
-------------------------------------
KEndLine <Key>osfEndLine
-------------------------------------
KEnter <Key>Return
-------------------------------------
KEscape <Key>Escape
-------------------------------------
KExtend Ctrl Shift<Key>space
Shift<Key>osfSelect
-------------------------------------
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KHelp <Key>osfHelp
-------------------------------------
KInsert <Key>osfInsert
-------------------------------------
Virtual Key Bindings (Continued)
-----------------------------------------
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
-----------------------------------------
KLeft <Key>osfLeft
-----------------------------------------
KMenu <Key>osfMenu
-----------------------------------------
KMenuBar <Key>osfMenuBar
-----------------------------------------
KNextField <Key>Tab
Ctrl<Key>Tab
-----------------------------------------
KNextMenu Ctrl<Key>osfDown
Ctrl<Key>osfRight
-----------------------------------------
KPageDown <Key>osfPageDown
-----------------------------------------
KPageLeft Ctrl<Key>osfPageUp
<Key>osfPageLeft
-----------------------------------------
KPageRight Ctrl<Key>osfPageDown
<Key>osfPageRight
-----------------------------------------
KPageUp <Key>osfPageUp
-----------------------------------------
KPaste <Key>osfPaste
Shift<Key>osfInsert
-----------------------------------------
KPrevField Shift<Key>Tab
Ctrl Shift<Key>Tab
-----------------------------------------
KPrevMenu Ctrl<Key>osfUp
Ctrl<Key>osfLeft
-----------------------------------------
KPrimaryCopy Ctrl<Key>osfPrimaryPaste
Mod1<Key>osfCopy
Mod1 Ctrl<Key>osfInsert
-----------------------------------------
KPrimaryCut Mod1<Key>osfPrimaryPaste
Mod1<Key>osfCut
Mod1 Shift<Key>osfDelete
-----------------------------------------
KPrimaryPaste <Key>osfPrimaryPaste
-----------------------------------------
KQuickCopy Ctrl<Key>osfQuickPaste
-----------------------------------------
KQuickCut Mod1<Key>osfQuickPaste
-----------------------------------------
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KQuickExtend Shift<Key>osfQuickPaste
-----------------------------------------
Virtual Key Bindings (Continued)
---------------------------------------
Virtual Key Actual Key Events
---------------------------------------
KQuickPaste <Key>osfQuickPaste
---------------------------------------
KReselect Ctrl Shift<Key>osfSelect
---------------------------------------
KRestore Ctrl Shift<Key>osfInsert
---------------------------------------
KRight <Key>osfRight
---------------------------------------
KSelect <Key>space
Ctrl<Key>space
<Key>osfSelect
---------------------------------------
KSelectAll Ctrl<Key>slash
---------------------------------------
KSpace <Key>space
---------------------------------------
KTab <Key>Tab
---------------------------------------
KUndo <Key>osfUndo
Mod1<Key>osfBackSpace
---------------------------------------
KUp <Key>osfUp
---------------------------------------
KAny <Key>
---------------------------------------
Bindings for osf Keysyms
Keysym strings that begin with "osf" are not part of the X server's
keyboard mapping. Instead, these keysyms are produced on the client
side at run time. They are interpreted by the routine
XmTranslateKey, and are used by the translation manager when the
server delivers an actual key event. For each application, a mapping
is maintained between "osf" keysyms and keysyms that correspond to
actual keys. This mapping is based on information obtained at
application startup from one of the following sources, listed in
order of precedence:
⊕ A defaultVirtualBindings application resource in the resource
database.
⊕ A property on the root window, which can be set by mwm on
startup, or by the xmbind client, or on prior startup of a Motif
application.
⊕ The file .motifbind in the user's home directory.
⊕ A set of bindings based on the vendor string and optionally the
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vendor release of the X server. Motif searches for these
bindings in the following steps:
-- If the file xmbind.alias exists in the user's home
directory, Motif searches this file for a pathname
associated with the vendor string or with the vendor string
and vendor release. If it finds such a pathname and if
that file exists, Motif loads the bindings contained in
that file.
-- If it has found no bindings, Motif next looks for the file
xmbind.alias in the directory specified by the environment
variable XMBINDDIR, if XMBINDDIR is set, or in the
directory /usr/lib/Xm/bindings if XMBINDDIR is not set. If
this file exists Motif searches it for a pathname
associated with the vendor string or with the vendor string
and vendor release. If it finds such a pathname and if
that file exists, Motif loads the bindings contained in
that file.
-- If it still has found no bindings, Motif loads a set of
hard-coded fallback bindings.
The xmbind.alias file contains zero or more lines of the form:
"vendor_string[ vendor_release]"bindings_file
where vendor_string is the X server vendor name as returned by the X
client xdpyinfo or the Xlib function XServerVendor, and must appear
in double quotes. If vendor_release is included, it is the X server
vendor release number as returned by the X client xdpyinfo or the
Xlib function XVendorRelease, and must also be contained within the
double quotes separated by one space from vendor_string.
vendor_release is provided to allow support of changes in keyboard
hardware from a vendor, assuming that the vendor increments the
release number to flag such changes. Alternatively, the vendor may
simply use a unique vendor string for each different keyboard.
bindings_file is the pathname of the file containing the bindings
themselves. It can be a relative or absolute pathname. If it it is
a relative pathname, it is relative to the location of the
xmbind.alias file.
Comment lines in the xmbind.alias file begin with !.
The bindings found in either the .motifbind file or the vendor
mapping are placed in a property on the root window. This property
is used to determine the bindings for subsequent Motif applications.
On startup mwm attempts to load the file .motifbind in the user's
home directory. If this is unsuccessful, it loads the vendor
bindings as described above. It places the bindings it loads in a
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property on the root window for use by subsequent Motif applications.
xmbind loads bindings from a file if that file is specified on the
command line. If no file is specified on the command line, it
attempts to load the file .motifbind in the user's home directory.
If this fails, it loads the vendor bindings as described above. It
places the bindings it loads in a property on the root window for use
by subsequent Motif applications.
The format of the specification for mapping "osf" keysyms to actual
keysyms is similar to that of a specification for an event
translation. The syntax is specified here in EBNF notation using the
following conventions:
[a] Means either nothing or a {a} Means zero or more
occurrences of a
Terminals are enclosed in double quotation marks.
The syntax of an "osf" keysym binding specification is as follows:
binding_spec = {line "\n"} [line] line = virtual_keysym
":" key_event key_event = {modifier_name} "<Key>" actual_keysym
virtual_keysym = keysym actual_keysym = keysym keysym = A
valid X11 keysym name that is mapped by
XStringToKeysym
As with event translations, more specific event descriptions must
precede less specific descriptions. For example, an event
description for a key with a modifier must precede a description for
the same key without the same modifier.
Following is an example of a specification for the
defaultVirtualBindings resource in a resource file:
*defaultVirtualBindings: \ osfBackSpace : <Key>BackSpace\n\
osfInsert : <Key>InsertChar\n\ ...
osfDelete : <Key>DeleteChar
The format of a .motifbind file or of a file containing vendor
bindings is the same, except that the binding specification for each
keysym is placed on a separate line. The example specification above
appears as follows in a .motifbind or vendor bindings file:
osfBackSpace : <Key>BackSpace
osfInsert : <Key>InsertChar ...
osfDelete : <Key>DeleteChar
The following table lists the fixed fallback default bindings for
"osf" keysyms:
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Fallback Default Bindings for "osf" Keysyms
"osf" Keysym Fallback Default Binding
--------------------------------------------
osfActivate <unbound>
osfAddMode Shift F8
osfBackSpace Backspace
osfBeginLine Home
osfClear Clear
osfCopy <unbound>
osfCut <unbound>
osfDelete Delete
osfDown Down
osfEndLine End
osfCancel Escape
osfHelp F1
osfInsert Insert
osfLeft Left
osfMenu F4
osfMenuBar F10
osfPageDown Next
osfPageLeft <unbound>
osfPageRight <unbound>
osfPageUp Prior
osfPaste <unbound>
osfPrimaryPaste <unbound>
osfQuickPaste <unbound>
osfRight Right
osfSelect Select
osfUndo Undo
osfUp Up
RELATED INFORMATION
xmbind(1X)
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