pack(1) DG/UX 4.30 pack(1)
NAME
pack, pcat, unpack - compress and expand files
SYNOPSIS
pack [ - ] [ -f ] name ...
pcat name ...
unpack name ...
DESCRIPTION
Pack tries to store the specified files in a compressed
form. Wherever possible (and useful), each input file name
is replaced by a packed file name.z with the same access
modes, access and modified dates, and owner as those of
name. The -f option (DG/UX only) will force packing of
name. This is useful for packing an entire directory even
if some of the files will not benefit. If pack is
successful, name will be removed. Packed files can be
restored to their original form using unpack or pcat.
Pack uses Huffman (minimum redundancy) codes on a byte-by-
byte basis. If the - argument is used, an internal flag is
set that prints the number of times each byte is used, its
relative frequency, and the code for the byte on the
standard output. Additional occurrences of - in place of
name will set and reset the internal flag.
The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of
the input file and the character frequency distribution.
Because a decoding tree forms the first part of each .z
file, it is usually not worthwhile to pack files smaller
than three blocks, unless the character frequency
distribution is very skewed, which may occur with printer
plots or pictures.
Typically, text files are reduced to 60-75% of their
original size. Load modules, which use a larger character
set and have a more uniform distribution of characters, show
little compression; the packed versions are about 90% of the
original size.
Pack returns a value that is the number of files that it
failed to compress.
No packing will occur if:
the file appears to be already packed;
the file name has more than 76 characters;
the file has links;
the file is a directory;
the file cannot be opened;
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pack(1) DG/UX 4.30 pack(1)
no disk storage blocks will be saved by packing;
a file called name.z already exists;
the .z file cannot be created; or
an I/O error occurred during processing.
The last segment of the file name must contain no more than
76 characters to allow space for the appended .z extension.
Directories cannot be compressed.
Pcat does for packed files what cat(1) does for ordinary
files, except that pcat can not be used as a filter. The
specified files are unpacked and written to the standard
output. Thus to view a packed file named name.z use:
pcat name.z
or just:
pcat name
To make an unpacked copy, say nnn, of a packed file named
name.z (without destroying name.z) use the command:
pcat name >nnn
Pcat returns the number of files it was unable to unpack.
Failure may occur if:
the file name (exclusive of the .z) has more than 76
characters;
the file cannot be opened; or
the file does not appear to be the output of pack.
Unpack expands files created by pack. For each file name
specified in the command, a search is made for a file called
name.z (or just name, if name ends in .z). If this file
appears to be a packed file, it is replaced by its expanded
version. The new file has the .z suffix stripped from its
name, and has the same access modes, access and modification
dates, and owner as those of the packed file.
Unpack returns a value that is the number of files it was
unable to unpack. Failure may occur as for pcat, if a file
with the unpacked name already exists, or if the unpacked
file cannot be created.
SEE ALSO
cat(1).
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