ps(1)
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ps Command
report process status
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SYNTAX
ps [ options ]
DESCRIPTION
Ps prints certain information about active processes. Without
options, information is printed about processes associated with
the current terminal. The output consists of a short listing
containing only the process ID, terminal identifier, cumulative
execution time, and the command name. Otherwise, the information
displayed is controlled by the selection of options.
Options using lists as arguments can specify them in two forms: a
list of identifiers separated by commas, or a list of identifiers
enclosed in double quotes and separated from one another by a
comma and/or one or more spaces.
The options are:
-e Print information about all processes.
-d Print information about all processes, except process
group leaders.
-a Print information about all processes, except process
group leaders and processes not associated with a
terminal.
-f Generate a full listing. (See below for meaning of
columns in a full listing).
-l Generate a long listing (see below).
-t termlist List data only about the processes associated with
the terminals given in termlist. Terminal
identifiers may be specified as: the device's
filename (e.g., tty04) or if the device's filename
starts with tty, just the digit identifier (e.g.,
04).
-p proclist List data only about processes whose process ID
numbers are given in proclist.
-u uidlist List data only about processes whose user ID numbers
or login names are given in uidlist. In the listing,
the numerical user ID is printed unless the -f option
is used, in which case the login name will be
printed.
-g grplist List data only about processes whose process group
leaders are given in grplist.
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ps(1)
The column headings and the meaning of the columns in a ps
listing are given below; the letters f and l indicate the option
(full or long) that causes the corresponding heading to appear;
all means that the heading always appears. Note that these two
options determine only what information is provided for a
process; they do not determine which processes will be listed.
F (l) Flags (octal and additive) associated with the
process:
1 Process is being traced;
2 Process is bound to a virtual
processor;
4 Process is not bound to a virtual
processor;
S (l) The state of the process:
- Non-existent;
S Sleeping;
W Waiting;
R Running;
I Intermediate;
Z Terminated;
T Stopped;
UID (f,l) The user ID number of the process owner; the
login name is printed under the -f option.
PID (all) The process ID of the process; you can kill a
process if you know this datum.
PPID (f,l) The process ID of the parent process.
C (f,l) Processor utilization, in percent. The value is
approximate and less accurate for very young
processes.
PRI (l) The priority of the process; higher numbers mean
lower priority.
NI (l) Nice value; used in priority computation.
ADDR The memory address of the process.
SIZE (l) The size in blocks of the virtual memory image of
the process.
RDSIZE(l) The size in blocks of the resident memory image
of the process.
WCHAN (l) The event for which the process is waiting or
sleeping; if blank, the process is running.
STIME (f) Starting time of the process, in
hours:minutes:seconds.
TTY (all) The controlling terminal for the process.
TIME (all) The cumulative execution time for the process, in
minutes:seconds.
CMD (all) The command name; the full command name and its
arguments are printed under the -f option.
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been
waited for by the parent, is marked <defunct>.
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ps(1)
Under the -f option, ps tries to determine the command name and
arguments given when the process was created by examining the
process stack. Failing this, the command name, as it would
appear without the -f option, is printed in square brackets.
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EXAMPLES
$ ps
Prints information about active processes associated with the
current terminal. Lists the process ID, the tty number of the
controlling terminal.
$ ps -u xyz,abc
Prints information about active processes belonging to the login
names "xyz" and "abc". Lists the process ID, tty number, time the
process took to execute, and the command.
$ ps -ef
Prints information on all active processes. Lists the user ID,
process ID, process ID of the parent process, scheduling
information, process starting time, tty number, execution time
for the process, and the command and its options.
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FILES
/etc/passwd Supplies UID information
/etc/ps_data
Internal data structure
/dev Searched to find terminal (tty) names
SEE ALSO
acctcom(1), kill(1), nice(1).
BUGS
Things can change while ps is running; the picture it gives is
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ps(1)
only a close approximation to reality. Some data printed for
defunct processes is irrelevant.
NOTES
DG/UX ps extracts information from the currently running kernel.
The -c, -n, and -s options are not implemented.
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